Aim To obtain a kind of electrorheological (ER) flind with high comprehensive properties in order to satisfy the needs of engineering application. Methods A new type of dispersed phase── composite ultrafine particle...Aim To obtain a kind of electrorheological (ER) flind with high comprehensive properties in order to satisfy the needs of engineering application. Methods A new type of dispersed phase── composite ultrafine particles (UFP) was obtained by the method of microemulsion, which was used to mix with silicon oil. aam electroinduced stress and apparent viscosity of the ER fluids with three different volume fractions were tested under the conditions of different temperatures, electric fields and shear rates. Results A series of systematic tests show that the new type of ER fluids with volume fraction of 30% possesses obvious ER effect. Conclusion The double layers polarization plays an important role in ER effect.展开更多
To extract selenium(Ⅵ)from the highly caustic leachate of copper anode slime,the Ca-Al-Cl layered double hydroxides(Ca-Al-Cl-LDHs)with a formula of Ca2 Al(OH)6 Cl·2 H2 O by three co-precipitation methods were sy...To extract selenium(Ⅵ)from the highly caustic leachate of copper anode slime,the Ca-Al-Cl layered double hydroxides(Ca-Al-Cl-LDHs)with a formula of Ca2 Al(OH)6 Cl·2 H2 O by three co-precipitation methods were synthesized.A plate-like morphology and hexagonal crystal structure with typical mineral phases and functional groups were identified by the FESEM,XRD,FTIR,BET and XPS analysis.The forward feeding sample exhibits the best adsorption capacity of Se(Ⅵ).The factor experiments then reveal a favorable adsorption process with low temperature,low NaOH concentration and high adsorbent dosage.Furthermore,the adsorption kinetics and isotherm parameters can be well described by the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order models,respectively.Accordingly,the maximum adsorption amount of Se(Ⅵ)onto Ca-Al-Cl-LDHs reaches188.6 mg/g at 50 ℃.展开更多
Developing effective and practical electrocatalyst under industrial electrolysis conditions is critical for renewable hydrogen production.Herein,we report the self-supporting NiFe LDH-MoS_(x) integrated electrode for ...Developing effective and practical electrocatalyst under industrial electrolysis conditions is critical for renewable hydrogen production.Herein,we report the self-supporting NiFe LDH-MoS_(x) integrated electrode for water oxidation under normal alkaline test condition(1 M KOH at 25℃)and simulated industrial electrolysis conditions(5 M KOH at 65℃).Such optimized electrode exhibits excellent oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance with overpotential of 195 and 290 mV at current density of 100 and 400 mA·cm^(-2) under normal alkaline test condition.Notably,only over-potential of 156 and 201 mV were required to achieve the current density of 100 and 400mA·cm^(-2) under simulated industrial electrolysis conditions.No significant degradations were observed after long-term durability tests for both conditions.When using in two-electrode system,the operational voltages of 1.44 and 1.72 V were required to achieve a current density of 10 and 100 mA·cm^(-2) for the overall water splitting test(NiFe LDH-MoS_(x)/INF||20%Pt/C).Additionally,the operational voltage of employing NiFe LDH-MoS_(x)/INF as both cathode and anode merely require 1.52 V at 50mA·cm^(-2) at simulated industrial electrolysis conditions.Notably,a membrane electrode assembly(MEA)for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis(AEMWEs)using NiFe LDH-MoS_(x)/INF as an anode catalyst exhibited an energy conversion efficiency of 71.8%at current density of 400 mA·cm^(-2)in 1 M KOH at 60℃.Further experimental results reveal that sulfurized substrate not only improved the conductivity of NiFe LDH,but also regulated its electronic configurations and atomic composition,leading to the excellent activity.The easy-obtained and cost-effective integrated electrodes are expected to meet the large-scale application of industrial water electrolysis.展开更多
The search of electrode materials with high electrochemical activity is one of key solutions to actualize both high energy density and high power density in a supercapacitor. Recently, we have developed one novel kind...The search of electrode materials with high electrochemical activity is one of key solutions to actualize both high energy density and high power density in a supercapacitor. Recently, we have developed one novel kind of rare earth and transitional metal colloidal supercapacitors, which can deliver higher specific capacitance than electrical double-layer capacitors(EDLC) and traditional pseudocapacitors. The electrode materials in colloidal supercapacitors are in-situ formed electroactive colloids, which were transformed from commercial rare earth and transitional metal salts in alkaline electrolyte by chemical and electrochemical assisted coprecipitation. In these colloidal supercapacitors, multiple-electron Faradaic redox reactions can be utilized, which can deliver ultrahigh specific capacitance often larger than one-electron capacitance. Multiple-valence metal cations used in our designed colloidal supercapacitors mainly include Ce3+, Yb3+, Er3+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Sn2+ and Sn4+. The colloidal supercapacitors can be served as the promising next-generation high performance supercapacitors.展开更多
Electrochemical oxidation of the carbon nanotube (CNT) polarizable electrodes of electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) was studied. It indicated that electrochemical oxidation elevated the available surface area of...Electrochemical oxidation of the carbon nanotube (CNT) polarizable electrodes of electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) was studied. It indicated that electrochemical oxidation elevated the available surface area of the electrodes and introduced some kinds of functional group on the CNT surfaces. The specific capacitances of the polarizable electrodes with organic electrolyte could be enhanced from 22.4 F g-1 to 78.2 F g-1 after electrolysis oxidization. The enhancement of the specific capacitance depends on the extent of electrochemical oxidation. Using acidic electrolyte for electrochemical oxidation has different effects on modifying the performances of the CNT polarizable electrodes compared to using basic electrolyte.展开更多
文摘Aim To obtain a kind of electrorheological (ER) flind with high comprehensive properties in order to satisfy the needs of engineering application. Methods A new type of dispersed phase── composite ultrafine particles (UFP) was obtained by the method of microemulsion, which was used to mix with silicon oil. aam electroinduced stress and apparent viscosity of the ER fluids with three different volume fractions were tested under the conditions of different temperatures, electric fields and shear rates. Results A series of systematic tests show that the new type of ER fluids with volume fraction of 30% possesses obvious ER effect. Conclusion The double layers polarization plays an important role in ER effect.
基金Project(51604303) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘To extract selenium(Ⅵ)from the highly caustic leachate of copper anode slime,the Ca-Al-Cl layered double hydroxides(Ca-Al-Cl-LDHs)with a formula of Ca2 Al(OH)6 Cl·2 H2 O by three co-precipitation methods were synthesized.A plate-like morphology and hexagonal crystal structure with typical mineral phases and functional groups were identified by the FESEM,XRD,FTIR,BET and XPS analysis.The forward feeding sample exhibits the best adsorption capacity of Se(Ⅵ).The factor experiments then reveal a favorable adsorption process with low temperature,low NaOH concentration and high adsorbent dosage.Furthermore,the adsorption kinetics and isotherm parameters can be well described by the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order models,respectively.Accordingly,the maximum adsorption amount of Se(Ⅵ)onto Ca-Al-Cl-LDHs reaches188.6 mg/g at 50 ℃.
文摘Developing effective and practical electrocatalyst under industrial electrolysis conditions is critical for renewable hydrogen production.Herein,we report the self-supporting NiFe LDH-MoS_(x) integrated electrode for water oxidation under normal alkaline test condition(1 M KOH at 25℃)and simulated industrial electrolysis conditions(5 M KOH at 65℃).Such optimized electrode exhibits excellent oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance with overpotential of 195 and 290 mV at current density of 100 and 400 mA·cm^(-2) under normal alkaline test condition.Notably,only over-potential of 156 and 201 mV were required to achieve the current density of 100 and 400mA·cm^(-2) under simulated industrial electrolysis conditions.No significant degradations were observed after long-term durability tests for both conditions.When using in two-electrode system,the operational voltages of 1.44 and 1.72 V were required to achieve a current density of 10 and 100 mA·cm^(-2) for the overall water splitting test(NiFe LDH-MoS_(x)/INF||20%Pt/C).Additionally,the operational voltage of employing NiFe LDH-MoS_(x)/INF as both cathode and anode merely require 1.52 V at 50mA·cm^(-2) at simulated industrial electrolysis conditions.Notably,a membrane electrode assembly(MEA)for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis(AEMWEs)using NiFe LDH-MoS_(x)/INF as an anode catalyst exhibited an energy conversion efficiency of 71.8%at current density of 400 mA·cm^(-2)in 1 M KOH at 60℃.Further experimental results reveal that sulfurized substrate not only improved the conductivity of NiFe LDH,but also regulated its electronic configurations and atomic composition,leading to the excellent activity.The easy-obtained and cost-effective integrated electrodes are expected to meet the large-scale application of industrial water electrolysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51125009&91434118)the National Natural Science Foundation for Creative Research Group(Grant No.21221061)+1 种基金the External Cooperation Program of BIC,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.121522KYS820150009)the Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘The search of electrode materials with high electrochemical activity is one of key solutions to actualize both high energy density and high power density in a supercapacitor. Recently, we have developed one novel kind of rare earth and transitional metal colloidal supercapacitors, which can deliver higher specific capacitance than electrical double-layer capacitors(EDLC) and traditional pseudocapacitors. The electrode materials in colloidal supercapacitors are in-situ formed electroactive colloids, which were transformed from commercial rare earth and transitional metal salts in alkaline electrolyte by chemical and electrochemical assisted coprecipitation. In these colloidal supercapacitors, multiple-electron Faradaic redox reactions can be utilized, which can deliver ultrahigh specific capacitance often larger than one-electron capacitance. Multiple-valence metal cations used in our designed colloidal supercapacitors mainly include Ce3+, Yb3+, Er3+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Sn2+ and Sn4+. The colloidal supercapacitors can be served as the promising next-generation high performance supercapacitors.
基金supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (Grant No. 10332020)
文摘Electrochemical oxidation of the carbon nanotube (CNT) polarizable electrodes of electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) was studied. It indicated that electrochemical oxidation elevated the available surface area of the electrodes and introduced some kinds of functional group on the CNT surfaces. The specific capacitances of the polarizable electrodes with organic electrolyte could be enhanced from 22.4 F g-1 to 78.2 F g-1 after electrolysis oxidization. The enhancement of the specific capacitance depends on the extent of electrochemical oxidation. Using acidic electrolyte for electrochemical oxidation has different effects on modifying the performances of the CNT polarizable electrodes compared to using basic electrolyte.
