台湾小麂(MUNTIACUS REEVESI MICRURUS)下颚骨双性型的研究(英文)

台湾小麂(Muntiacus reevesi micrurus)亦称台湾山羌,是台湾的特有亚种,就现况而言,它是台湾本土所产的3种鹿科动物中,野生种群数量最多的一种。近年来,其分布和数量有持续缩减的趋势。了解其自然种群的各项基本特质(例如:种群的性别比例、年龄组成、出生及死亡率……等),将直接有助于本种动物的保护和利用。 许多台湾高山族在进行他们传统的狩猎活动时,都有保存猎物下颚骨以展示其狩猎成绩的习俗。而台湾小麂因为一直都是他们主要的猎捕对象,经多年累积,往往一个猎人就拥有数百个下颚骨。同时,由于每一个猎人大都仅在他世袭的打猎区内狩猎,各个猎人的收集,事实上可以视为不同种群的取样。而下颚骨收集的年代通常也可以由它们的新旧做粗略的估计。因此,这些收集的下颚骨,不但可做为其来源地区的台湾小麂种群分析的研究材料,更提供了这些种群的部分历史以及种群之间比较的机会。 如何判别下颚骨的性别和年龄,很明显是进行上述研究不可或缺的技术。本研究即针对76个已知性别和年龄(表1)的下颚骨进行比较,以期获得一个操作简单、正确性高的方法来区分台湾小麂下颚骨的性别。 我们对每一个下颚骨做了11个不同角度的测量(图1)。再根据Mayr等(1953,146)所提出的“变异系数”的计算式,计算了11个测量值,以及另?

Oscillations of the Solutions of Hyperbolic Partial Differential Equations of Neutral Type

In this paper, oscillatory properties of solutions of certain nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equations are investigated and a series of sufficient conditions for oscillations of the equations are established. The results fully indicate that the oscillations are caused by delay.

Blow-up of Solution for a Nonlinear Hyperbolic Equation

In this paper, the existence and uniqueness of the local generalized solution of the initial boundary value problem for a nonlinear hyperbolic equation are proved by the contraction mapping principle and the sufficient conditions of blow_up of the solution in finite time are given.

Solving the AKNS Hierarchy by Its Bilinear Form: Generalized Double Wronskian Solutions

Through the Wronskian technique, a simple and direct proof is presented that the AKNS hierarchy in the bilinear form has generalized double Wronskian solutions. Moreover, by using a unified way, soliton solutions, rational solutions, Matveev solutions and complexitons in double Wronskian form for it are constructed.

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Temperature and pH Responsive Hydroxylpropyl Cellulose-based Graft Copolymers

In this study, double-hydrophilic hydroxylpropyl cellulose （HPC） based copolymers with poly（N- isopropylacrylamide） （PNIPAM） and poly（acrylic acid） （PAA） as graft chains were synthesized and characterized. The release behavior of drug-loaded micelles was studied. The results show that the hydrophilicity of copolymers improves as the pH increases, whereas the hydrophobicity of copolymers enhances as the temperature increases, and all the phase behaviors are reversible. The diameter of micelles decreases and then increases with pH increase. It shows different micellizing behavior under acidic and basic conditions according to the temperature increase. In vitro release experiments, which used theophylline as a model drug, show that the micelles enhance pH sensitivity in the release process.

Modelling and stability analysis of emergent behavior of scalable swarm system

In this paper we propose a two-layer emergent model for scalable swarm system. The first layer describes the indi-vidual flocking behavior to the local goal position (the center of minimal circumcircle decided by the neighbors in the positive visual set of individuals) resulting from the individual motion to one or two farthest neighbors in its positive visual set; the second layer describes the emergent aggregating swarm behavior resulting from the individual motion to its local goal position. The scale of the swarm will not be limited because only local individual information is used for modelling in the two-layer topology. We study the stability properties of the swarm emergent behavior based on Lyapunov stability theory. Simulations showed that the swarm system can converge to goal regions while maintaining cohesiveness.

A new linearly-combined bi-exponential model for kinetic analysis of the isometric relaxation process of Bufo gastrocnemius under electric stimulation in vitro

There was a slow-relaxing tail of skeletal muscles in vitro upon the inhibition of Ca2+-pump by cyclopiazonic acid (CPA). Herein, a new linearly-combined bi-exponential model to resolve this slow-relaxing tail from the fast-relaxing phase was investigated for kinetic analysis of the isometric relaxation process of Bufo gastrocnemius in vitro, in comparison to the single exponential model and the classical bi-exponential model. During repetitive stimulations at a 2-s interval by square pulses of a 2-ms duration at 12 V direct currency (DC), the isometric tension of Bufo gastrocnemius was recorded at 100 Hz. The relaxation curve with tensions falling from 90% of the peak to the 15th datum before next stimulation was analyzed by three exponential models using a program in MATLAB 6.5. Both the goodness of fit and the distribution of the residuals for the best fitting sup- ported the comparable validity of this new bi-exponential model for kinetic analysis of the relaxation process of the control muscles. After CPA treatment, however, this new bi-exponential model showed an obvious statistical superiority for kinetic analysis of the muscle relaxation process, and it gave the estimated rest tension consistent to that by experimentation, whereas both the classical bi-exponential model and the single exponential model gave biased rest tensions. Moreover, after the treatment of muscles by CPA, both the single exponential model and the classical bi-exponential model yielded lowered relaxation rates, nevertheless, this new bi-exponential model had relaxation rates of negligible changes except much higher rest tensions. These results suggest that this novel linearly-combined bi-exponential model is desirable for kinetic analysis of the relaxation process of muscles with altered Ca2+-pumping activity.

Influence of expanded polystyrene size on deformation characteristics of light weight soil

Deformation characteristics of light weight soil with different EPS (expanded polystyrene) sizes were investigated by consolidation tests.The results show that the confined stress-strain relation curve is in S shape,which has a good homologous relation with e-p curve and e-lgp curve,and three types of curves reflect obvious structural characteristics of light weight soil.When cement mixed ratio and EPS volume ratio are the same for different specimens,structural strength decreases with the increase of EPS size,but compressibility indexes basically keep unchanged within the structural strength.The settlement of light weight soil can be divided into instantaneous settlement and primary consolidation settlement.It has no obvious rheology property,and 90% of total consolidation deformation can be finished in 1 min.Settlement-time relation of light weight soil can be predicted by the hyperbolic model.S-lgt curve of light weight soil is not in anti-S shape.It is proved that there is no secondary consolidation section,so consolidation coefficient cannot be obtained by time logarithm method.Structural strength and unit price decrease with the increase of EPS size,but the reducing rate of the structural strength is lower than that of the unit price,so the cost of mixed soil can be reduced by increasing the EPS size.The EPS beads with 3-5 mm in diameter are suggested to be used in the construction process,and the prescription of mixed soil can be optimized.

Measurement Induced Enhancement of Squeezing in Nondegenerate Two-Photon Jaynes-Cummings Model

Squeezing properties in the nondegenerate two-photon Jaynes-Cummings model are investigated. The effects of direct selective atomic measurement and the application of the classical field followed by atomic measurement are analyzed. Different values of the parameters of the classical field are taken into account. It is found that the field squeezing can be enhanced by measurement.

Quantum Entanglement and Nonlocality Properties of Two-Mode Squeezed Thermal States in a Common-Reservoir Model

We study a system consisting of two identical non-interacting single-mode cavity fields coupled to a common vacuum environment and provide general, explicit, and exact solutions to its master equation by means of the characteristic function method. We analyze the entanglement dynamics of two-mode squeezed thermal state in this model and show that its entanglement dynamics is strongly determined by the two-mode squeezing parameter and the purity. In particular, we find that two-mode squeezed thermal state with the squeezing parameter r ≤ -（1/2） In √u is extremely fragile and almost does not survive in a common vacuum environment. We investigate the time evolution of nonlocality for two-mode squeezed thermal state in such an environment. It is found that the evolved state loses its nonlocality in the beginning of the evolution, but after a time, the revival of nonlocality can occur.

Identity-based ring signature scheme based on quadratic residues

Identity-based （ID-based） ring signature has drawn great concerns in recent years and many ID-based ring signature schemes have been proposed until now. Unfortunately, all of these ID-based ring signatures are constructed from bilinear pairings, a powerful but computationally expensive primitive. Hence, ID-based ring signature without pairing is of great interest in the field of cryptography. In this paper, the authors firstly propose an ID-based ring signature scheme based on quadratic residues. The proposed scheme is proved to be existentially unforgeable against adaptive chosen message-and-identity attack under the random oracle model, assuming the hardness of factoring. The proposed scheme is more efficient than those which are constructed from bilinear pairings.

A Generalized Hirota Ansatz to Obtain Soliton-Like Solutions for a (3+l)-Dimensional Nonlinear Evolution Equation

Instead of the usual Hirota ansatz,i.e.,the functions in bilinear equations being chosen as exponentialtypes,a generalized Hirota ansatz is proposed for a (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation.Based on theresulting generalized Hirota ansatz,a family of new explicit solutions for the equation are derived.

On the Decay of Solution of Some Nonlinear Hyperbolic Equation

In this paper we shall show the decay of solution to some nonlinear hyperbolic equation using a difference inequality.

Existence and Life Span of Periodic Solutions for the First Order Quasilinear Hyperbolic Equations

In this paper the authors consider Cauchy problem of first order quasilinear hyperbolic and prove that existence of its periodic solutions and estimates of life span of solutions. This results reveals the relationship of dissipation and smoothness of periodic solutions.

Quasilinear Hyperbolic Conservation Laws with Relaxation

In this paper, we investigate the relaxation phenomenon for quasilinear hyperbolic conservation laws, and obtain global smooth solutions and the life span of classical solutions to its Cauchy problem. These results shows that the relaxation admits the effects of dissipation.

Blow Up of Periodic Solutions to a Class of Quasilinear Hyperbolic Systems in Diagonal Form

In this paper, we discuss the blow-up of periodic solutions to a class of quasilinear hyperbolic systems in diagonal form, and make the accurate estimate of life-span. These results in this paper extend the conclusion [1-3].

Clinical research of biphenotypic acute leukemia witht(8;21)(q22;q22)

Objective:To report 4 cases of biphenotypic acute leukemia(BAL)with t(8;21)(q22;q22),and analyze the characteristics of morphology,immune phenotype,chromosome karyotype(MIC)and clinical manifestations.Methods:The BAL patients with t(8;21)(q22;q22)(group A)were compared with the randomly selected BAL patients with other clonical chromo- somal changes(group B)and acute myeloid leukemia M2 cases with t(8;21)(q22;q22)(group C)in MIC and clinical features. Results:BAL with t(8;21)(q22;q22)showed acute myeloid leukemia with high percentages of blast cells morphologically; revealed co-positive to B-lymphoid and myeloid lineages,frequent and high expressions of CD34 and CD33;were responsive to chemotherapy for myeloid and lymphocytic leukemia simultaneously well.Conclusion:A new subset of BAL with t(8;21)(q22;q22)was reported,and this suggests that the leukemia colony with t(8;21)(q22;q22)might originate from early phase of hematopoiesis.

Blow Up for Solutions of Nonlinear Doubly Degenerate Parabolic Equation

This paper studies the conditions of blow up in finite time of solutions of initial boundary value problem for a class nonlinear doubly degenerate parabolic equation.

A Study on Radiative Dileptonic Decays B^0（Bs）→γe^＋e^-

We study the rare radiative dileptonlc decays B^0（Bs）→γe^＋e^- （e = e, μ） in the standard model By using the B meson wave function constrained by non-leptonic decays, the branching ratios turn out to be of the order of 10^-9 for Bs→γe^＋e^-, γe^＋e^-, and 10^-10 for Bs→γe^＋e^-, γe^＋e^-. Based on the study, these decays are accessible at the near future LHC-b experiment, which are useful to determine the B（B,） wave function.

T-S Fuzzy Stochastic Bilinear Model and Fuzzy Controller Design Based on Switching Piecewise Lyapunov Functions

Based on a piecewise quadratic lyapunov function （PQLF）, this paper presents stochastic stability analysis and synthesis methods for ItO and discrete T-S fuzzy bilinear stochastic systems. Two improved stochastic stability conditions have been established in terms of linear matrix inequalities （LMIs）. It is shown that the stability in the mean square for T-S fuzzy bilinear stochastic systems can be established if a PQLF can be constructed. Considering the established stability criterion, the controller can be designed by solving a set of （LMIs）, and the closed loop system is asymptotically stable in the mean square. Two illustrative examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the results proposed in this paper.