Participation, support and understanding of countries along the Belt and Road are requisites for promoting and implementing this major initiative. Indonesia, a major ASEAN economy, is crucial but Indonesia has a limit...Participation, support and understanding of countries along the Belt and Road are requisites for promoting and implementing this major initiative. Indonesia, a major ASEAN economy, is crucial but Indonesia has a limited perception of the B&R initiative. Although its government welcomes it and the ruling coalition cooperates positively, parts of the military and opposition are skeptical of China's intent. The B&R initiative is well-received among the Indonesian Chinese group, while Indonesian academic circles remain cautious and somewhat critical. From a Chinese viewpoint, easing negative or hostile emotions appropriately would be well-timed. China should settle the Natuna issue, adjust its publicity in Indonesia, use diplomacy, and promote Sino-Indonesia cultural exchange and communications. Chinese enterprises should focus on project quality and uphold social responsibilities. Short-term goals are reducing Indonesia's opposition and obstruction of B&R, while long-term goals are enhancing the recognition and likeability of the Initiative's worthwhile plans.展开更多
Interest in thorium stems mainly from the fact that it is expected to have a substantial increase in uranium prices. So, advanced fuel cycles which increase the reserves of nuclear materials are interesting, particula...Interest in thorium stems mainly from the fact that it is expected to have a substantial increase in uranium prices. So, advanced fuel cycles which increase the reserves of nuclear materials are interesting, particularly, the use of thorium is to produce the fissile isotope ^233U. Thorium is three to five times more abundant than uranium in the earth＇s crust. Additionally, thoria produces less radiotoxicity than the UO2, because it produces fewer amounts of actinides. ThO2 has higher corrosion resistance, besides being chemically stable, and the burning of Pu in a reactor based in thorium also decreases the inventories of Pu from the current fuel cycles. There are some ongoing projects in the world, taking into consideration the proposed goals for Generation IV reactors, namely： sustainability, economics, safety and reliability, proliferation resistance and physical protection. Some developments on the use of thorium in reactors are underway, with the support of the IAEA （International Atomic Energy Agency） and some govern like molten salt reactor. In this paper, we discuss the future importance of thorium, particularly for Brazil, which has large mineral reserves of this strategic element, the characteristics of the molten salt reactor and the experience of the IPEN （Instituto de Pesquisas Energ6ticas e Nucleares） in the purification of thorium compounds.展开更多
文摘Participation, support and understanding of countries along the Belt and Road are requisites for promoting and implementing this major initiative. Indonesia, a major ASEAN economy, is crucial but Indonesia has a limited perception of the B&R initiative. Although its government welcomes it and the ruling coalition cooperates positively, parts of the military and opposition are skeptical of China's intent. The B&R initiative is well-received among the Indonesian Chinese group, while Indonesian academic circles remain cautious and somewhat critical. From a Chinese viewpoint, easing negative or hostile emotions appropriately would be well-timed. China should settle the Natuna issue, adjust its publicity in Indonesia, use diplomacy, and promote Sino-Indonesia cultural exchange and communications. Chinese enterprises should focus on project quality and uphold social responsibilities. Short-term goals are reducing Indonesia's opposition and obstruction of B&R, while long-term goals are enhancing the recognition and likeability of the Initiative's worthwhile plans.
文摘Interest in thorium stems mainly from the fact that it is expected to have a substantial increase in uranium prices. So, advanced fuel cycles which increase the reserves of nuclear materials are interesting, particularly, the use of thorium is to produce the fissile isotope ^233U. Thorium is three to five times more abundant than uranium in the earth＇s crust. Additionally, thoria produces less radiotoxicity than the UO2, because it produces fewer amounts of actinides. ThO2 has higher corrosion resistance, besides being chemically stable, and the burning of Pu in a reactor based in thorium also decreases the inventories of Pu from the current fuel cycles. There are some ongoing projects in the world, taking into consideration the proposed goals for Generation IV reactors, namely： sustainability, economics, safety and reliability, proliferation resistance and physical protection. Some developments on the use of thorium in reactors are underway, with the support of the IAEA （International Atomic Energy Agency） and some govern like molten salt reactor. In this paper, we discuss the future importance of thorium, particularly for Brazil, which has large mineral reserves of this strategic element, the characteristics of the molten salt reactor and the experience of the IPEN （Instituto de Pesquisas Energ6ticas e Nucleares） in the purification of thorium compounds.
