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民粹主义的“人民”想象:辩正与反思 被引量:3
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作者 聂智琪 《开放时代》 CSSCI 北大核心 2024年第1期131-143,M0007,共14页
民粹主义的危险在于对民主所赖以为凭的人民话语的争夺甚至篡改。因此,若要真正回应民粹主义的挑战,首先要澄清的就是民主与民粹主义在人民观上的真正区别。为此本文从“反建制”“反精英”和“反多元”三个视角对学界关于民粹主义人民... 民粹主义的危险在于对民主所赖以为凭的人民话语的争夺甚至篡改。因此,若要真正回应民粹主义的挑战,首先要澄清的就是民主与民粹主义在人民观上的真正区别。为此本文从“反建制”“反精英”和“反多元”三个视角对学界关于民粹主义人民观的既有理解予以梳理和分析,认为这些标签化的断语虽然有其道理,但其本身所具有的含混、张力甚至局限仍有待进一步澄清。在此基础上本文指出,“反多元”确实是民粹主义人民观的本质性特征,但这里的“反多元”并不能简单地等同于对整体性人民的诉求。换言之,民粹主义与民主在人民观上的本质性差异不在于对整体性人民是否拒斥,而是对其不同想象方式,即是否承认整体性人民具有拟制含义。本文的探讨不仅有助于深化对民粹主义的认识,也为重新反思民主理论提供了借鉴。 展开更多
关键词 民粹主义 人民 建制 精英 反多元
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Lipopolysaccharide preconditioning induces protection against lipopolysac-charide -induced neurotoxicity in organotypic midbrain slice culture 被引量:3
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作者 丁晔 李良 《Neuroscience Bulletin》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2008年第4期209-218,共10页
Objective To identify the protective effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning against LPS-induced inflammatory damage in dopaminergic neurons of midbrain slice culture and the possible mechanisms. Methods ... Objective To identify the protective effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning against LPS-induced inflammatory damage in dopaminergic neurons of midbrain slice culture and the possible mechanisms. Methods After cultured in vitro for 14 d, the rat organotypic midbrain slices were pretreated with different concentrations (0, 1, 3, 6 or 10 ng/mL) of LPS for 24 h followed by treatment with 100 ng/mL LPS for 72 h. The whole slice viability was detelmined by measurement of the activity of lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH). Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-IR) neurons and CD 1 1 b/c equivalent-immunoreactive (OX-42-IR) microglia in the slices were observed by immunohistochemical method, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α levels in the culture media were detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Results In the slices treated with 100 ng/mL LPS for 72 h, the number of TH-IR neurons reduced from 191± 12 in the control slices to 46±4, and the LDH activity elevated obviously (P 〈 0.01), along with remarkably increased number of OX-42-IR cells and production of TNF-α (P 〈 0.01). Preconditioning with 3 or 6 ng/mL LPS attenuated neuron loss (the number of TH-IR neurons increased to 126± 12 and 180± 13, respectively) and markedly reduced LDH levels (P 〈 0.05), accompanied by significant decreases of OX-42-IR microglia activation and TNF-α production (P 〈 0.05). Conclusion Low-dose LPS preconditioning could protect dopaminergic neurons against inflammatory damage in rat midbrain slice culture, and inhibition of microglial activation and reduction of the proinflammatory factor TNF-α production may contribute to this protective effect. Further understanding the underlying mechanism of LPS preconditioning may open a new window for treatment of Parkinson's disease. 展开更多
关键词 LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE PRECONDITIONING neuroprotection organotypic midbrain slice culture dopaminergic neuronsinflammation MICROGLIA tumor necrosis factor-α
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Reactor Protection Diversity Requirements and the Typical Solution Based on DCS 被引量:1
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作者 W.J. Huang Y.J. Tian X.S. Dong L.M. Zhang G.M. Liu G.J. Jiang 《Journal of Energy and Power Engineering》 2011年第12期1149-1153,共5页
The defense-in-depth and diversity have become the basic requirements for digital I&C and should be strictly followed when carrying out the overall scheme design of digital control system, in which the risk of common... The defense-in-depth and diversity have become the basic requirements for digital I&C and should be strictly followed when carrying out the overall scheme design of digital control system, in which the risk of common cause failure has to be prevented or coped with. This paper analyzes the requirements of the diversity principle and sums up the typical solution of the diversified protection of reactor based on the CPR1000 NPP. Some concepts will be helpful to the design of DCS for others plants. 展开更多
关键词 PROTECTION defense-in-depth and diversity DCS nuclear power plant.
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Pharmarcogenetic Mechanism of ACE liD Polymorphism Adversely Responding to ACE Inhibitors in Regulating the ACE Promoter Activity in Neurons 被引量:1
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作者 Yuan-Han Yang Hsueh-Wei Chang +4 位作者 Wei-Chiao Chang Yu-Cheng Shih Ke-Li Tsai I Chien Shyh-Jong Wu 《Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology》 2016年第8期419-431,共13页
The ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitors are not only drugs widely prescribed drugs in cardiovascular diseases, but also potentially therapeutic agents in dementia. Based on the findings that the ACE inhib... The ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitors are not only drugs widely prescribed drugs in cardiovascular diseases, but also potentially therapeutic agents in dementia. Based on the findings that the ACE inhibitors could activate the c-Jun N-terminal kinase signal to increase the ACE gene expression and that the Alu element of the human ACE gene involved in regulating ACE promoter activity, we aimed to investigate whether there are different pharmacogenetic responses of ACE I/D polymorphism to the ACE inhibitors in neurons. The three reporter vectors, pACEpro(0-SEAP, p-I-ACEpro-SEAP, and p-D-ACEpro-SEAP were used to examine the transcriptional activity of the vectors responding to the lisinopril treatment using a transient-transfection method in SH-SY5Y cells. Our results showed that lisinopril increased the promoter activity of an ACE gene by 16.7%. Additionally, we found the lisinopril enhanced the ACE promoter activity of the I-form vector by 17.2%, but adversely reduced that of the D-form vector by 16.8%, as compared with the respective control without the lisinopril treatment. Firstly, our findings had proved that the UD polymorphism of ACE gene contrarily responds to the ACE inhibitors in regulating the ACE expression in neurons, which provide a novel insight suggesting genetic testing to tailor the treatment regimens in AD (Alzheimer's disease) patients. 展开更多
关键词 ACE inhibitors ACE I/D polymorphism Aizheimer's disease PHARMACOGENETICS promoter activity.
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Intelligent compaction theory of high roller compacted concrete dam
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作者 Liu Donghai 《Engineering Sciences》 EI 2012年第5期58-64,共7页
The concept and realization process of intelligent compaction for the construction of high roller compacted concrete dam were presented, as well as the theory of monitoring and intelligent feedback control. Based on t... The concept and realization process of intelligent compaction for the construction of high roller compacted concrete dam were presented, as well as the theory of monitoring and intelligent feedback control. Based on the real-time analysis of the compaction index, a multiple regression model of the dam compactness was established and a realime estimation method of compaction quality for the entire work area of roller compacted concrete dam was proposed finally. The adaptive adjustment of the roiling process parameters was achieved, with the speed, the exciting force, the roller pass and the compaction thickness meeting the standards during the whole construction process. As a result, the compaction quality and construction efficiency can be improved. The research provides a new way for the construction quality control of roller compacted concrete dam. 展开更多
关键词 roller compacted concrete RCC dam quality control intelligent compaction real-time monitoring real-time quality estimation
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Preparation and Properties of Tung Oil-Based Polyurethane
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作者 袁才登 赵晓明 +1 位作者 邵丽英 唐克华 《Transactions of Tianjin University》 EI CAS 2014年第4期273-281,共9页
Tung oil-based polyols were synthesized by the esterification and transesterification between Tung oilbased anhydride and butanediol. The hydroxyl values of the polyols prepared were tested and discussed. Polyurethane... Tung oil-based polyols were synthesized by the esterification and transesterification between Tung oilbased anhydride and butanediol. The hydroxyl values of the polyols prepared were tested and discussed. Polyurethane was prepared by using Tung oil-based polyols and/or poly(propylene glycol) as polyols and by using isophorone diisocyanate as isocyanate. The effect of the ratio of Tung oil-based polyols to poly(propylene glycol) on the properties of polyurethane prepared was investigated by the water resistance, alcohol resistance and hardness tests. The results show that Tung oil-based polyols are effective to improve the hardness, water resistance and alcohol resistance of polyurethane. 展开更多
关键词 Tung oil Tung oil-maleic anhydride POLYURETHANE water resistance HARDNESS COATING
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Multiagent Approach to Adsorption-Diffusion-Reaction Processes Modeling by the Method of Likelihood Cellular Automat
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作者 Nikolay Alekseevich Rud Aleksey Aleksandrovich Astapkov Pavel Gennadevich Morozov 《Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering》 2012年第11期1043-1049,共7页
The discrete three-dimensional model of the adsorption-diffusion process was developed with three states using the comers of blocks within the framework of the theory of CA (cellular automata). The construction of a... The discrete three-dimensional model of the adsorption-diffusion process was developed with three states using the comers of blocks within the framework of the theory of CA (cellular automata). The construction of an asynchronous cellular automaton was used for the modeling, The implementation of the algorithm leads to a huge variety of dynamical regimes some of which are moving from the general chaos into a state of local and then global synchronization (within the framework of the model). 展开更多
关键词 ADSORPTION diffusion cellular automata ca-diffusion multi-agent approach autowave soliton.
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Clinical Application of Multiplex PCR Assay for the Diagnosis of the Etiology of Genital Ulcer Disease Among Patients Attending STD Clinics in Guangzhou, China
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作者 朱慧兰 苏向阳 +1 位作者 林路洋 叶兴东 《Chinese Journal of Sexually Transmitted Infections》 2002年第4期33-36,共4页
Objectives: To develop a method of simultaneous PCR detection of Haemophilus ducreyi, Treponema pallidum, andHerpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 from genital ulcersamong patients attending STD clinics in Guangzhou, Chi... Objectives: To develop a method of simultaneous PCR detection of Haemophilus ducreyi, Treponema pallidum, andHerpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 from genital ulcersamong patients attending STD clinics in Guangzhou, China;and evaluate the clinical application of multiplex PCR (M-PCR) assay for diagnosing the etiology of genital ulcerdiseases (GUD). Methods: 244 patients with a genital ulcer were evaluated.Clinical etiology of GUD was based on physical appearanceand microbiologic evaluations that included darkfieldmicroscopy examination (D-F) and serology test for syphilis(STS). Swabs of each genital ulcer were tested for HSVantigen by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and processed in anM-PCR assay for simultaneous detection of T pallidum, HSVand H ducreyi. Results: The standard strains of T pallidum, HSV and Hducreyi were amplified by M-PCR, producing amplifiedproducts of 260bp,432bp,170bp, respectively. The sensitivityof M-PCR is 10~2 pg DNA. M-PCR assay for T.pallidum, HSVand H ducreyi showed good agreement en compared with D-F detection for T pallidum, STS, H ducreyi culture and EIAfor HSV antigen (Kappa scores are 0.774,0.704,0.793,0.756,respectively). Conclusions: The M-PCR is a convenient, accurate andreliable assay for the detection of T pallidum, HSV and Hducreyi from genital ulcers, and can be used as a method ofdiagnosing the etiology of GUD. 展开更多
关键词 Multiplex polymerase chain reaction Genital ulcer diseases Treponema Pallidum Herpes simplex virus_(1 2) Hemophilus ducreyi
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Combined back-analysis method of ground stress based on refined geological modeling
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作者 Liu Donghai Zheng Jiang Wang Qian 《Engineering Sciences》 EI 2012年第4期43-50,共8页
A new back-analysis method of ground stress is proposed with comprehensive consideration of influence of topography, geology and nonlinear physical mechanical properties of rock on ground stress. This method based on ... A new back-analysis method of ground stress is proposed with comprehensive consideration of influence of topography, geology and nonlinear physical mechanical properties of rock on ground stress. This method based on non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) technology provides the means to build a refined three-dimensional finite element model with more accurate meshing under complex terrain and geological conditions. Meanwhile, this method is a back-analysis of ground stress with combination of multivariable linear regression model and neural network (ANN) model. Firstly, the regression model is used to fit approximately boundary loads. Regarding the regressed loads as mean value, some sets of boundary loads with the same interval are constructed according to the principle of orthogonal design, to calculate the corresponding ground stress at the observation positions using finite element method. The results (boundary loads and the corresponding ground stress) are added to the samples for ANN training. And on this basis, an ANN model is established to implement higher precise back-analysis of initial ground stress. A practical application case shows that the relative error between the inversed ground stress and observed value is mostly less than 10 %, which can meet the need of engineering design and construction requirements. 展开更多
关键词 ground stress BACK-ANALYSIS combined method refined geological modeling artificial neural network(ANN) NURBS
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Operational mode transition in a rotating detonation engine 被引量:3
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作者 Zhi-di LEI Zheng-wu CHEN +2 位作者 Xiao-quan YANG Jue DING Pei-fen WENG 《Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2020年第9期721-733,共13页
The relationship between the number of detonation waves and the evolution process of the flow field in a rotating detonation engine was investigated through a numerical analysis.The simulations were based on the Euler... The relationship between the number of detonation waves and the evolution process of the flow field in a rotating detonation engine was investigated through a numerical analysis.The simulations were based on the Euler equation and a detailed chemical reaction model.In the given engine model,the flow-field evolution became unstable when a single detonation wave was released.New detonation waves formed spontaneously,changing the operational mode from single-wave to four-wave.However,when two or three detonation waves were released,the flow field evolved in a quasi-steady manner.Further study revealed that the newly formed detonation wave resulted from an accelerated chemical reaction on the contact surface between the detonation products and the reactive mixture.To satisfy the stable propagation requirements of detonation waves,we proposed a parameter called NL,which can be compared with the number of detonation waves in the combustor to predict the evolution(quasi-stable or unstable)of the flow field.Finally,we verified the effectiveness of NL in a redesigned engine.This study may assist the operational mode control in rotating detonation engine experiments. 展开更多
关键词 Rotating detonation engine Chemical reaction Multiple detonation waves STABILITY
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Stereoselective construction of skipped polyol enabled by oxonia-Cope rearrangement and iodolactonization: enantioselective synthesis of (+)-yashabushitriol
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作者 Guoli He Yan Wang +2 位作者 Calvine Lai Wenhua Li Ran Hong 《Science China Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2016年第9期1197-1204,共8页
Skipped polyol is a common motif in numerous biologically significant polyketides and has been the focus of the development of novel synthetic methods and strategies. In this work, we devised a highly diastereoselecti... Skipped polyol is a common motif in numerous biologically significant polyketides and has been the focus of the development of novel synthetic methods and strategies. In this work, we devised a highly diastereoselective approach to access skipped triol(anti,syn-isomer) from a chiral α-allenic alcohol which was derived from kinetic resolution in our previous studies. An iodolactonization and subsequent radical deiodonation efficiently introduced the hydroxyl group at C3 in a highly diastereoselective manner and exemplified in enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-yashabushitriol. 展开更多
关键词 allenic alcohol IODOLACTONIZATION oxonia-Cope rearrangement skipped polyol (+)-yashabushitriol
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