Objective To identify the protective effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning against LPS-induced inflammatory damage in dopaminergic neurons of midbrain slice culture and the possible mechanisms. Methods ...Objective To identify the protective effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning against LPS-induced inflammatory damage in dopaminergic neurons of midbrain slice culture and the possible mechanisms. Methods After cultured in vitro for 14 d, the rat organotypic midbrain slices were pretreated with different concentrations (0, 1, 3, 6 or 10 ng/mL) of LPS for 24 h followed by treatment with 100 ng/mL LPS for 72 h. The whole slice viability was detelmined by measurement of the activity of lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH). Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-IR) neurons and CD 1 1 b/c equivalent-immunoreactive (OX-42-IR) microglia in the slices were observed by immunohistochemical method, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α levels in the culture media were detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Results In the slices treated with 100 ng/mL LPS for 72 h, the number of TH-IR neurons reduced from 191± 12 in the control slices to 46±4, and the LDH activity elevated obviously (P 〈 0.01), along with remarkably increased number of OX-42-IR cells and production of TNF-α (P 〈 0.01). Preconditioning with 3 or 6 ng/mL LPS attenuated neuron loss (the number of TH-IR neurons increased to 126± 12 and 180± 13, respectively) and markedly reduced LDH levels (P 〈 0.05), accompanied by significant decreases of OX-42-IR microglia activation and TNF-α production (P 〈 0.05). Conclusion Low-dose LPS preconditioning could protect dopaminergic neurons against inflammatory damage in rat midbrain slice culture, and inhibition of microglial activation and reduction of the proinflammatory factor TNF-α production may contribute to this protective effect. Further understanding the underlying mechanism of LPS preconditioning may open a new window for treatment of Parkinson's disease.展开更多
The defense-in-depth and diversity have become the basic requirements for digital I&C and should be strictly followed when carrying out the overall scheme design of digital control system, in which the risk of common...The defense-in-depth and diversity have become the basic requirements for digital I&C and should be strictly followed when carrying out the overall scheme design of digital control system, in which the risk of common cause failure has to be prevented or coped with. This paper analyzes the requirements of the diversity principle and sums up the typical solution of the diversified protection of reactor based on the CPR1000 NPP. Some concepts will be helpful to the design of DCS for others plants.展开更多
The ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitors are not only drugs widely prescribed drugs in cardiovascular diseases, but also potentially therapeutic agents in dementia. Based on the findings that the ACE inhib...The ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitors are not only drugs widely prescribed drugs in cardiovascular diseases, but also potentially therapeutic agents in dementia. Based on the findings that the ACE inhibitors could activate the c-Jun N-terminal kinase signal to increase the ACE gene expression and that the Alu element of the human ACE gene involved in regulating ACE promoter activity, we aimed to investigate whether there are different pharmacogenetic responses of ACE I/D polymorphism to the ACE inhibitors in neurons. The three reporter vectors, pACEpro(0-SEAP, p-I-ACEpro-SEAP, and p-D-ACEpro-SEAP were used to examine the transcriptional activity of the vectors responding to the lisinopril treatment using a transient-transfection method in SH-SY5Y cells. Our results showed that lisinopril increased the promoter activity of an ACE gene by 16.7%. Additionally, we found the lisinopril enhanced the ACE promoter activity of the I-form vector by 17.2%, but adversely reduced that of the D-form vector by 16.8%, as compared with the respective control without the lisinopril treatment. Firstly, our findings had proved that the UD polymorphism of ACE gene contrarily responds to the ACE inhibitors in regulating the ACE expression in neurons, which provide a novel insight suggesting genetic testing to tailor the treatment regimens in AD (Alzheimer's disease) patients.展开更多
The concept and realization process of intelligent compaction for the construction of high roller compacted concrete dam were presented, as well as the theory of monitoring and intelligent feedback control. Based on t...The concept and realization process of intelligent compaction for the construction of high roller compacted concrete dam were presented, as well as the theory of monitoring and intelligent feedback control. Based on the real-time analysis of the compaction index, a multiple regression model of the dam compactness was established and a realime estimation method of compaction quality for the entire work area of roller compacted concrete dam was proposed finally. The adaptive adjustment of the roiling process parameters was achieved, with the speed, the exciting force, the roller pass and the compaction thickness meeting the standards during the whole construction process. As a result, the compaction quality and construction efficiency can be improved. The research provides a new way for the construction quality control of roller compacted concrete dam.展开更多
Tung oil-based polyols were synthesized by the esterification and transesterification between Tung oilbased anhydride and butanediol. The hydroxyl values of the polyols prepared were tested and discussed. Polyurethane...Tung oil-based polyols were synthesized by the esterification and transesterification between Tung oilbased anhydride and butanediol. The hydroxyl values of the polyols prepared were tested and discussed. Polyurethane was prepared by using Tung oil-based polyols and/or poly(propylene glycol) as polyols and by using isophorone diisocyanate as isocyanate. The effect of the ratio of Tung oil-based polyols to poly(propylene glycol) on the properties of polyurethane prepared was investigated by the water resistance, alcohol resistance and hardness tests. The results show that Tung oil-based polyols are effective to improve the hardness, water resistance and alcohol resistance of polyurethane.展开更多
The discrete three-dimensional model of the adsorption-diffusion process was developed with three states using the comers of blocks within the framework of the theory of CA (cellular automata). The construction of a...The discrete three-dimensional model of the adsorption-diffusion process was developed with three states using the comers of blocks within the framework of the theory of CA (cellular automata). The construction of an asynchronous cellular automaton was used for the modeling, The implementation of the algorithm leads to a huge variety of dynamical regimes some of which are moving from the general chaos into a state of local and then global synchronization (within the framework of the model).展开更多
Objectives: To develop a method of simultaneous PCR detection of Haemophilus ducreyi, Treponema pallidum, andHerpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 from genital ulcersamong patients attending STD clinics in Guangzhou, Chi...Objectives: To develop a method of simultaneous PCR detection of Haemophilus ducreyi, Treponema pallidum, andHerpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 from genital ulcersamong patients attending STD clinics in Guangzhou, China;and evaluate the clinical application of multiplex PCR (M-PCR) assay for diagnosing the etiology of genital ulcerdiseases (GUD). Methods: 244 patients with a genital ulcer were evaluated.Clinical etiology of GUD was based on physical appearanceand microbiologic evaluations that included darkfieldmicroscopy examination (D-F) and serology test for syphilis(STS). Swabs of each genital ulcer were tested for HSVantigen by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and processed in anM-PCR assay for simultaneous detection of T pallidum, HSVand H ducreyi. Results: The standard strains of T pallidum, HSV and Hducreyi were amplified by M-PCR, producing amplifiedproducts of 260bp,432bp,170bp, respectively. The sensitivityof M-PCR is 10~2 pg DNA. M-PCR assay for T.pallidum, HSVand H ducreyi showed good agreement en compared with D-F detection for T pallidum, STS, H ducreyi culture and EIAfor HSV antigen (Kappa scores are 0.774,0.704,0.793,0.756,respectively). Conclusions: The M-PCR is a convenient, accurate andreliable assay for the detection of T pallidum, HSV and Hducreyi from genital ulcers, and can be used as a method ofdiagnosing the etiology of GUD.展开更多
A new back-analysis method of ground stress is proposed with comprehensive consideration of influence of topography, geology and nonlinear physical mechanical properties of rock on ground stress. This method based on ...A new back-analysis method of ground stress is proposed with comprehensive consideration of influence of topography, geology and nonlinear physical mechanical properties of rock on ground stress. This method based on non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) technology provides the means to build a refined three-dimensional finite element model with more accurate meshing under complex terrain and geological conditions. Meanwhile, this method is a back-analysis of ground stress with combination of multivariable linear regression model and neural network (ANN) model. Firstly, the regression model is used to fit approximately boundary loads. Regarding the regressed loads as mean value, some sets of boundary loads with the same interval are constructed according to the principle of orthogonal design, to calculate the corresponding ground stress at the observation positions using finite element method. The results (boundary loads and the corresponding ground stress) are added to the samples for ANN training. And on this basis, an ANN model is established to implement higher precise back-analysis of initial ground stress. A practical application case shows that the relative error between the inversed ground stress and observed value is mostly less than 10 %, which can meet the need of engineering design and construction requirements.展开更多
The relationship between the number of detonation waves and the evolution process of the flow field in a rotating detonation engine was investigated through a numerical analysis.The simulations were based on the Euler...The relationship between the number of detonation waves and the evolution process of the flow field in a rotating detonation engine was investigated through a numerical analysis.The simulations were based on the Euler equation and a detailed chemical reaction model.In the given engine model,the flow-field evolution became unstable when a single detonation wave was released.New detonation waves formed spontaneously,changing the operational mode from single-wave to four-wave.However,when two or three detonation waves were released,the flow field evolved in a quasi-steady manner.Further study revealed that the newly formed detonation wave resulted from an accelerated chemical reaction on the contact surface between the detonation products and the reactive mixture.To satisfy the stable propagation requirements of detonation waves,we proposed a parameter called NL,which can be compared with the number of detonation waves in the combustor to predict the evolution(quasi-stable or unstable)of the flow field.Finally,we verified the effectiveness of NL in a redesigned engine.This study may assist the operational mode control in rotating detonation engine experiments.展开更多
Skipped polyol is a common motif in numerous biologically significant polyketides and has been the focus of the development of novel synthetic methods and strategies. In this work, we devised a highly diastereoselecti...Skipped polyol is a common motif in numerous biologically significant polyketides and has been the focus of the development of novel synthetic methods and strategies. In this work, we devised a highly diastereoselective approach to access skipped triol(anti,syn-isomer) from a chiral α-allenic alcohol which was derived from kinetic resolution in our previous studies. An iodolactonization and subsequent radical deiodonation efficiently introduced the hydroxyl group at C3 in a highly diastereoselective manner and exemplified in enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-yashabushitriol.展开更多
基金the Foundation of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education,China (No.200410025011)
文摘Objective To identify the protective effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning against LPS-induced inflammatory damage in dopaminergic neurons of midbrain slice culture and the possible mechanisms. Methods After cultured in vitro for 14 d, the rat organotypic midbrain slices were pretreated with different concentrations (0, 1, 3, 6 or 10 ng/mL) of LPS for 24 h followed by treatment with 100 ng/mL LPS for 72 h. The whole slice viability was detelmined by measurement of the activity of lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH). Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-IR) neurons and CD 1 1 b/c equivalent-immunoreactive (OX-42-IR) microglia in the slices were observed by immunohistochemical method, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α levels in the culture media were detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Results In the slices treated with 100 ng/mL LPS for 72 h, the number of TH-IR neurons reduced from 191± 12 in the control slices to 46±4, and the LDH activity elevated obviously (P 〈 0.01), along with remarkably increased number of OX-42-IR cells and production of TNF-α (P 〈 0.01). Preconditioning with 3 or 6 ng/mL LPS attenuated neuron loss (the number of TH-IR neurons increased to 126± 12 and 180± 13, respectively) and markedly reduced LDH levels (P 〈 0.05), accompanied by significant decreases of OX-42-IR microglia activation and TNF-α production (P 〈 0.05). Conclusion Low-dose LPS preconditioning could protect dopaminergic neurons against inflammatory damage in rat midbrain slice culture, and inhibition of microglial activation and reduction of the proinflammatory factor TNF-α production may contribute to this protective effect. Further understanding the underlying mechanism of LPS preconditioning may open a new window for treatment of Parkinson's disease.
文摘The defense-in-depth and diversity have become the basic requirements for digital I&C and should be strictly followed when carrying out the overall scheme design of digital control system, in which the risk of common cause failure has to be prevented or coped with. This paper analyzes the requirements of the diversity principle and sums up the typical solution of the diversified protection of reactor based on the CPR1000 NPP. Some concepts will be helpful to the design of DCS for others plants.
文摘The ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitors are not only drugs widely prescribed drugs in cardiovascular diseases, but also potentially therapeutic agents in dementia. Based on the findings that the ACE inhibitors could activate the c-Jun N-terminal kinase signal to increase the ACE gene expression and that the Alu element of the human ACE gene involved in regulating ACE promoter activity, we aimed to investigate whether there are different pharmacogenetic responses of ACE I/D polymorphism to the ACE inhibitors in neurons. The three reporter vectors, pACEpro(0-SEAP, p-I-ACEpro-SEAP, and p-D-ACEpro-SEAP were used to examine the transcriptional activity of the vectors responding to the lisinopril treatment using a transient-transfection method in SH-SY5Y cells. Our results showed that lisinopril increased the promoter activity of an ACE gene by 16.7%. Additionally, we found the lisinopril enhanced the ACE promoter activity of the I-form vector by 17.2%, but adversely reduced that of the D-form vector by 16.8%, as compared with the respective control without the lisinopril treatment. Firstly, our findings had proved that the UD polymorphism of ACE gene contrarily responds to the ACE inhibitors in regulating the ACE expression in neurons, which provide a novel insight suggesting genetic testing to tailor the treatment regimens in AD (Alzheimer's disease) patients.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51021004No. 51079096)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (No. NCET-08-0391)
文摘The concept and realization process of intelligent compaction for the construction of high roller compacted concrete dam were presented, as well as the theory of monitoring and intelligent feedback control. Based on the real-time analysis of the compaction index, a multiple regression model of the dam compactness was established and a realime estimation method of compaction quality for the entire work area of roller compacted concrete dam was proposed finally. The adaptive adjustment of the roiling process parameters was achieved, with the speed, the exciting force, the roller pass and the compaction thickness meeting the standards during the whole construction process. As a result, the compaction quality and construction efficiency can be improved. The research provides a new way for the construction quality control of roller compacted concrete dam.
文摘Tung oil-based polyols were synthesized by the esterification and transesterification between Tung oilbased anhydride and butanediol. The hydroxyl values of the polyols prepared were tested and discussed. Polyurethane was prepared by using Tung oil-based polyols and/or poly(propylene glycol) as polyols and by using isophorone diisocyanate as isocyanate. The effect of the ratio of Tung oil-based polyols to poly(propylene glycol) on the properties of polyurethane prepared was investigated by the water resistance, alcohol resistance and hardness tests. The results show that Tung oil-based polyols are effective to improve the hardness, water resistance and alcohol resistance of polyurethane.
文摘The discrete three-dimensional model of the adsorption-diffusion process was developed with three states using the comers of blocks within the framework of the theory of CA (cellular automata). The construction of an asynchronous cellular automaton was used for the modeling, The implementation of the algorithm leads to a huge variety of dynamical regimes some of which are moving from the general chaos into a state of local and then global synchronization (within the framework of the model).
基金Financially supported by Foundation for Major Projects of Guangdong Province(No.99049)Medical Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.B2001100)
文摘Objectives: To develop a method of simultaneous PCR detection of Haemophilus ducreyi, Treponema pallidum, andHerpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 from genital ulcersamong patients attending STD clinics in Guangzhou, China;and evaluate the clinical application of multiplex PCR (M-PCR) assay for diagnosing the etiology of genital ulcerdiseases (GUD). Methods: 244 patients with a genital ulcer were evaluated.Clinical etiology of GUD was based on physical appearanceand microbiologic evaluations that included darkfieldmicroscopy examination (D-F) and serology test for syphilis(STS). Swabs of each genital ulcer were tested for HSVantigen by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and processed in anM-PCR assay for simultaneous detection of T pallidum, HSVand H ducreyi. Results: The standard strains of T pallidum, HSV and Hducreyi were amplified by M-PCR, producing amplifiedproducts of 260bp,432bp,170bp, respectively. The sensitivityof M-PCR is 10~2 pg DNA. M-PCR assay for T.pallidum, HSVand H ducreyi showed good agreement en compared with D-F detection for T pallidum, STS, H ducreyi culture and EIAfor HSV antigen (Kappa scores are 0.774,0.704,0.793,0.756,respectively). Conclusions: The M-PCR is a convenient, accurate andreliable assay for the detection of T pallidum, HSV and Hducreyi from genital ulcers, and can be used as a method ofdiagnosing the etiology of GUD.
基金Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51021004)National Science Foundation of China (No. 51079096)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (No. NCET-08-0391)
文摘A new back-analysis method of ground stress is proposed with comprehensive consideration of influence of topography, geology and nonlinear physical mechanical properties of rock on ground stress. This method based on non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) technology provides the means to build a refined three-dimensional finite element model with more accurate meshing under complex terrain and geological conditions. Meanwhile, this method is a back-analysis of ground stress with combination of multivariable linear regression model and neural network (ANN) model. Firstly, the regression model is used to fit approximately boundary loads. Regarding the regressed loads as mean value, some sets of boundary loads with the same interval are constructed according to the principle of orthogonal design, to calculate the corresponding ground stress at the observation positions using finite element method. The results (boundary loads and the corresponding ground stress) are added to the samples for ANN training. And on this basis, an ANN model is established to implement higher precise back-analysis of initial ground stress. A practical application case shows that the relative error between the inversed ground stress and observed value is mostly less than 10 %, which can meet the need of engineering design and construction requirements.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11702329)the Open Project Program of the Key Laboratory of Aerodynamic Noise Control of China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center(CARDC)(No.ANCL20180103)+1 种基金the CARDC Fundamental and Frontier Technology Research Fund(No.PJD20180143)the Open Project Program of Rotor Aerodynamics Key Laboratory(No.RAL20180403),China。
文摘The relationship between the number of detonation waves and the evolution process of the flow field in a rotating detonation engine was investigated through a numerical analysis.The simulations were based on the Euler equation and a detailed chemical reaction model.In the given engine model,the flow-field evolution became unstable when a single detonation wave was released.New detonation waves formed spontaneously,changing the operational mode from single-wave to four-wave.However,when two or three detonation waves were released,the flow field evolved in a quasi-steady manner.Further study revealed that the newly formed detonation wave resulted from an accelerated chemical reaction on the contact surface between the detonation products and the reactive mixture.To satisfy the stable propagation requirements of detonation waves,we proposed a parameter called NL,which can be compared with the number of detonation waves in the combustor to predict the evolution(quasi-stable or unstable)of the flow field.Finally,we verified the effectiveness of NL in a redesigned engine.This study may assist the operational mode control in rotating detonation engine experiments.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21472186)the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission (15JC1400400)+1 种基金partially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (2011CB710800)Calvine Lai thanks the internship from ENSCL to conduct the summer research (June–August of 2013) in the Hong laboratory
文摘Skipped polyol is a common motif in numerous biologically significant polyketides and has been the focus of the development of novel synthetic methods and strategies. In this work, we devised a highly diastereoselective approach to access skipped triol(anti,syn-isomer) from a chiral α-allenic alcohol which was derived from kinetic resolution in our previous studies. An iodolactonization and subsequent radical deiodonation efficiently introduced the hydroxyl group at C3 in a highly diastereoselective manner and exemplified in enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-yashabushitriol.