利用深圳市气象局的闪电定位网资料、多普勒雷达资料和常规天气资料,分析了深圳地区2012年4月一次强飑线过程的地闪变化特征以及闪电活动与雷达回波特征的相关性。结果表明,在整个飑线过程中随着时间的推移,正地闪占地闪总数的比例虽然...利用深圳市气象局的闪电定位网资料、多普勒雷达资料和常规天气资料,分析了深圳地区2012年4月一次强飑线过程的地闪变化特征以及闪电活动与雷达回波特征的相关性。结果表明,在整个飑线过程中随着时间的推移,正地闪占地闪总数的比例虽然有所增大,但负地闪仍然占绝对优势,正、负地闪主要发生在30 d BZ以上的强回波区,地闪分布与雷达回波强度表现出很好的对应关系;在-10℃、-15℃和-20℃三个高度层上,雷达回波强度的每一次跳跃变化都对应着地闪频数的跃增,且地闪频数跃增的时间与回波强度跃增时间一致,其中-20℃层高度上回波强度与地闪频数相关性最好;在飑线过程不同阶段,雷达回波强度的概率密度分布等特征量可以反映闪电频数在相应时期的变化;另外,强回波面积与闪电活动也有较好的相关性,其中-5℃层高度上超过40 d BZ的雷达反射率面积与地闪频数的相关系数为0.90,其对数拟合优度R2为0.798,各温度层上相关系数最高项的线性拟合效果均好于对数拟合。展开更多
The seasonal variability in the surface energy exchange of an alpine grassland on the eastern Qinghai- Tibetan Plateau was investigated using eddy covariance measurements. Based on the change of air temperature and th...The seasonal variability in the surface energy exchange of an alpine grassland on the eastern Qinghai- Tibetan Plateau was investigated using eddy covariance measurements. Based on the change of air temperature and the seasonal distribution of precipitation, a winter season and wet season were identified, which were separated by transitional periods. The annual mean net radiation （Rn） was about 39 % of the annual mean solar radiation （Rs）. Rn was relatively low during the winter season （21% of Rs） compared with the wet season （54 % of Rs）, which can be explained by the difference in surface albedo and moisture condition between the two seasons. Annually, the main consumer of net radiation was latent heat flux （LE）. During the winter season, sensible heat flux （H） was dominant because of the frozen soil condition and lack of precipita- tion. During the wet season, LE expended 66 % of Rn due to relatively high temperature and sufficient rainfall cou- pled with vegetation growth. Leaf area index （LAI） had important influence on energy partitioning during wet season. The high LAI due to high soil water content （θv） contributed to high surface conductance （go） and LE, and thus low Bowen ratio （β）. LE was strongly controlled by Rn from June to August when gc and θv were high. During the transitional periods, H and LE were nearly equally parti- tioned in the energy balance. The results also suggested that the freeze-thaw condition of soil and the seasonal distribution of precipitation had important impacts on the energy exchange in this alpine grassland.展开更多
文摘利用深圳市气象局的闪电定位网资料、多普勒雷达资料和常规天气资料,分析了深圳地区2012年4月一次强飑线过程的地闪变化特征以及闪电活动与雷达回波特征的相关性。结果表明,在整个飑线过程中随着时间的推移,正地闪占地闪总数的比例虽然有所增大,但负地闪仍然占绝对优势,正、负地闪主要发生在30 d BZ以上的强回波区,地闪分布与雷达回波强度表现出很好的对应关系;在-10℃、-15℃和-20℃三个高度层上,雷达回波强度的每一次跳跃变化都对应着地闪频数的跃增,且地闪频数跃增的时间与回波强度跃增时间一致,其中-20℃层高度上回波强度与地闪频数相关性最好;在飑线过程不同阶段,雷达回波强度的概率密度分布等特征量可以反映闪电频数在相应时期的变化;另外,强回波面积与闪电活动也有较好的相关性,其中-5℃层高度上超过40 d BZ的雷达反射率面积与地闪频数的相关系数为0.90,其对数拟合优度R2为0.798,各温度层上相关系数最高项的线性拟合效果均好于对数拟合。
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2010CB951701,2011CB952002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41205006,41275016)the Foundation for Excellent Youth Scholars of CAREERI,Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘The seasonal variability in the surface energy exchange of an alpine grassland on the eastern Qinghai- Tibetan Plateau was investigated using eddy covariance measurements. Based on the change of air temperature and the seasonal distribution of precipitation, a winter season and wet season were identified, which were separated by transitional periods. The annual mean net radiation （Rn） was about 39 % of the annual mean solar radiation （Rs）. Rn was relatively low during the winter season （21% of Rs） compared with the wet season （54 % of Rs）, which can be explained by the difference in surface albedo and moisture condition between the two seasons. Annually, the main consumer of net radiation was latent heat flux （LE）. During the winter season, sensible heat flux （H） was dominant because of the frozen soil condition and lack of precipita- tion. During the wet season, LE expended 66 % of Rn due to relatively high temperature and sufficient rainfall cou- pled with vegetation growth. Leaf area index （LAI） had important influence on energy partitioning during wet season. The high LAI due to high soil water content （θv） contributed to high surface conductance （go） and LE, and thus low Bowen ratio （β）. LE was strongly controlled by Rn from June to August when gc and θv were high. During the transitional periods, H and LE were nearly equally parti- tioned in the energy balance. The results also suggested that the freeze-thaw condition of soil and the seasonal distribution of precipitation had important impacts on the energy exchange in this alpine grassland.
