[Objective] This study was to develop a live vector vaccine of goat pox virus of Peste des petits ruminants(PPR). [Method] Using PCR amplification technique, PPR H gene was obtained, then ligated into pGEM-T easy vect...[Objective] This study was to develop a live vector vaccine of goat pox virus of Peste des petits ruminants(PPR). [Method] Using PCR amplification technique, PPR H gene was obtained, then ligated into pGEM-T easy vector; the recombinants were digested by Nhe Ⅰ and Hind Ⅲ, and ligated into pEGFP-N1-P7.5, yielding the recombinant vector pEGFP-N1-P7.5-H; next the expression cassette EGFP-N1-P7.5-H was first released from recombinant vector pEGFP-N1-P7.5-H by double digestion of Hind Ⅲ and Nhe Ⅰ and ligated into pUC119-TK that was digested by Kpn Ⅰ, yielding the transfer vector pUC119-TK-EGFP-P7.5-H. [Result] Identification and double enzyme digestion showed that the transfer vector pUC119-TK-EGFP-P7.5-H was correctly constructed. From the transfer vector transfected BHK-21 cells which infected GTPV AV41, specific fluorescence was observed at 48th h of transfection. [Conclusion] The construction of goat poxvirus live vector laid a foundation for the live vector vaccine of PPR vaccine.展开更多
Eco-physiological responses of seedlings of eight species, Pinus koraiensis, Picea koraiensis, Larix olgensis, Populus ussuriensis, Betula platyphylla, Tilia amurensis, Traxinus mandshurica and Acer mono from broadlea...Eco-physiological responses of seedlings of eight species, Pinus koraiensis, Picea koraiensis, Larix olgensis, Populus ussuriensis, Betula platyphylla, Tilia amurensis, Traxinus mandshurica and Acer mono from broadleaved/Korean pine forest, to elevated CO2 were studied by using open-top chambers under natural sunlight in Changbai Mountain, China in two growing seasons (1998-1999). Two concentrations of CO2 were designed: elevated CO2 (700 祄olmol-1) and ambient CO2 (400 祄olmol-1). The study results showed that the height growth of the tree seedlings grown at elevated CO2 increased by about 10%-40% compared to those grown at ambient CO2. And the water using efficiency of seedlings also followed the same tendency. However, the responses of seedlings in transpiration and chlorophyll content to elevated CO2 varied with tree species. The broad-leaf tree species were more sensitive to the elevated CO2 than conifer tree species. All seedlings showed a photosynthetic acclimation to long-term elevated CO2.展开更多
The study investigated the streamflow response to the shrinking cryosphere under changing climate in the Lidder valley, Upper Indus Basin(UIB), Kashmir Himalayas. We used a combination of multitemporal satellite data ...The study investigated the streamflow response to the shrinking cryosphere under changing climate in the Lidder valley, Upper Indus Basin(UIB), Kashmir Himalayas. We used a combination of multitemporal satellite data and topographic maps to evaluate the changes in area, length and volume of the glaciers from 1962 to 2013. A total of 37 glaciers from the Lidder valley, with an area of 39.76 km^2 in 1962 were selected for research in this study. It was observed that the glaciers in the valley have lost ~28.89 ±0.1% of the area and ~19.65 ±0.069% of the volume during the last 51 years, with variable interdecadal recession rates. Geomorphic and climatic influences on the shrinking glacier resources were studied. 30-years temperature records(1980-2010) in the study area showed a significant increasing trend in all the seasons. However, the total annual precipitation during the same period showed a nonsignificant decreasing trend except during the late summer months(July, August and September), when the increasing trend is significant. The depletion of glaciers has led to the significant depletion of the streamflows under the changing climate in the valley. Summer streamflows(1971-2012) have increased significantly till mid-nineties but decreased significantly thereafter, suggesting that the tipping point of streamflow peak, due to the enhanced glacier-melt contribution under increasing global temperatures, may have been already reached in the basin. The observed glacier recession and climate change patterns, if continued in future, would further deplete the streamflows with serious implications on water supplies for different uses in the region.展开更多
Using the data of P-wave network and Zhejiang and travel time recorded at the Shanxi-reservoir seismological Fujian local networks, we implemented a simultaneous inversion of earthquake relocation and velocity struct...Using the data of P-wave network and Zhejiang and travel time recorded at the Shanxi-reservoir seismological Fujian local networks, we implemented a simultaneous inversion of earthquake relocation and velocity structure and determined the new locations of earthquakes in the Shanxi-reservoir. The results show that： （1） the overall epicenter distribution is NW directed, and the Shanxi reservoir induced seismicity has a close relationship to the Shuangxi-Jiaoxiyang fault; （2） the focal depth of the Shanxi reservoir induced seismicity is 5.4km in average, less than the average focal depth in the South China earthquake zone; （3） the focal depth is shallower on the reservoir shore and deeper in the reservoir inundation area. At the beginning of the reservoir induced seismicity, the focal depth increased gradually. This may be due to the gradual penetration of water into a larger depth that induced deeper earthquakes; and （4） there is a low P-wave velocity anomaly in the study area, located at the intersection of multiple faults in the reservoir inundation area. The Shanxi reservoir induced seismicity mostly occurred in this lowvelocity anomaly zone. This may be related to water penetration.展开更多
Phosphorous slag （PHS）, ground granulated blast-furnace slag （GGBS） and fly ash （FA） were used as replacements of Portland cement to modify the microstruc^xe of recycled aggregate concrete （RAC）. A new manufac...Phosphorous slag （PHS）, ground granulated blast-furnace slag （GGBS） and fly ash （FA） were used as replacements of Portland cement to modify the microstruc^xe of recycled aggregate concrete （RAC）. A new manufacturing method named ＂W3T4＂ was proposed to improve the performances of interracial transition zone （ITZ） between recycled aggregate and mortar. The mechanical properties and the durability of RAC were tested, which show that this new manufacturing method improves the properties of RAC, and the GGBS with finest size makes a great contribution to the performance of RAC due to its better filling effect and much earlier pozzolanic reaction. Combined with GGBS, the effects of PHS on the retardation of setting time can be alleviated and the synergistic effect helps to make a more compact RAC. For the RAC with 25% of the recycled aggregate （RA） replacement and 10% PHS ＋ 10% GGBS additives, the compressive strength increases by 25.4%, but the permeability decreases by 64.3% with respect to the reference concrete made with nature aggregates. The micro-mechanisms of these improvements were investigated by the scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The SEM images show that the new manufacturing method, adding superfine pozzolanic powders and super-plasticizer benefits, makes a much denser ITZ in RAC.展开更多
[Objective] This study was conducted to optimize PCR-SSCP reaction system and conditions for hawthorn （Crataegus spp.）. [Method] The chloroplast DNA and nuclear DNA of hawthorn leaf were extracted with improved CTAB...[Objective] This study was conducted to optimize PCR-SSCP reaction system and conditions for hawthorn （Crataegus spp.）. [Method] The chloroplast DNA and nuclear DNA of hawthorn leaf were extracted with improved CTAB method. Pdmers for the PCR amplification of chloroplast DNA and nuclear DNA were select- ed from eight pairs of candidate pdmers, and the PCR-SSCP reaction system and reaction conditions were optimized. The PCR products were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis, and the denatured PCR-SSCP products were analyzed by native polyacrylamide gel. [Result] Five pairs primers （psbA-tmH, ropB, ropL, rpoC1 and ITS2） were proved to be suitable for PCR-SSCP in hawthorn, including four for chloroplast DNA and one for nuclear DNA. The clear electrophoretogram of PCR- SSCP in hawthorn was obtained by performing electrophoresis in 0.5×TBE buffer, at 4 ℃ and 200 V for 3-4 h, using 6% native polyacrylamide gel （crosslinking ratio at 29：1）, and the PCR product had been mixed with an equal volume of loading buffer containing 1% NaOH （without glycerol） and denatured at 98℃ for 15 min. [Conclu- sion] The results may lay the foundation of SSCP analysis of hawthom.展开更多
As the green and sustainable development of human society highly relies on renewable energy,it has been recognized that electrocatalysis is a key technology to this end.High efficient ways of carbon-neutralization(eCO...As the green and sustainable development of human society highly relies on renewable energy,it has been recognized that electrocatalysis is a key technology to this end.High efficient ways of carbon-neutralization(eCO_(2)RR),reverse artificial nitrogen cycle(RANC),and oxygen chemistry(OER and ORR)all can be driven by electrocatalysis.Advanced theoretical study is an important means to fundamentally understanding electrocatalytic reactions.Herein,we review a few significant issues in theoretical electrocatalysis.First,electrochemical barriers and potential effects are essential for a more accurate description of reaction mechanism and activity.Meanwhile,consideration of competitive reaction path is also one of the important aspects,as novel insights and anomalous volcano trend can be obtained.Finally,a microenvironment exerted by confined space can tune the capacitance of electrochemical interface and(electro)chemical potential of proton,resulting in a possibility to improve reaction activity,which opens a new avenue for design of catalyst.展开更多
Focusing inversion is accomplished by the iterative of abnormal source to make the image gradually focused. It can better reflect the underground geological geometry and physical parameters. The model experiments in t...Focusing inversion is accomplished by the iterative of abnormal source to make the image gradually focused. It can better reflect the underground geological geometry and physical parameters. The model experiments in the study show that gravity focusing inversion allows inversion image stabilization and polymerization,which solves the multiple solutions and instability of inversion and so on. The method is applied to measured gravity data processing of certain region of Changbai Mountain,compared to Euler deconvolution,the results show that the method for determining the horizontal position and depth of underground anomalies has good efforts.展开更多
文摘[Objective] This study was to develop a live vector vaccine of goat pox virus of Peste des petits ruminants(PPR). [Method] Using PCR amplification technique, PPR H gene was obtained, then ligated into pGEM-T easy vector; the recombinants were digested by Nhe Ⅰ and Hind Ⅲ, and ligated into pEGFP-N1-P7.5, yielding the recombinant vector pEGFP-N1-P7.5-H; next the expression cassette EGFP-N1-P7.5-H was first released from recombinant vector pEGFP-N1-P7.5-H by double digestion of Hind Ⅲ and Nhe Ⅰ and ligated into pUC119-TK that was digested by Kpn Ⅰ, yielding the transfer vector pUC119-TK-EGFP-P7.5-H. [Result] Identification and double enzyme digestion showed that the transfer vector pUC119-TK-EGFP-P7.5-H was correctly constructed. From the transfer vector transfected BHK-21 cells which infected GTPV AV41, specific fluorescence was observed at 48th h of transfection. [Conclusion] The construction of goat poxvirus live vector laid a foundation for the live vector vaccine of PPR vaccine.
基金The project was supported by National Key Basic Development of China (G1999043400) and the grant KZCX-406-4 KZCX1SW01 of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Eco-physiological responses of seedlings of eight species, Pinus koraiensis, Picea koraiensis, Larix olgensis, Populus ussuriensis, Betula platyphylla, Tilia amurensis, Traxinus mandshurica and Acer mono from broadleaved/Korean pine forest, to elevated CO2 were studied by using open-top chambers under natural sunlight in Changbai Mountain, China in two growing seasons (1998-1999). Two concentrations of CO2 were designed: elevated CO2 (700 祄olmol-1) and ambient CO2 (400 祄olmol-1). The study results showed that the height growth of the tree seedlings grown at elevated CO2 increased by about 10%-40% compared to those grown at ambient CO2. And the water using efficiency of seedlings also followed the same tendency. However, the responses of seedlings in transpiration and chlorophyll content to elevated CO2 varied with tree species. The broad-leaf tree species were more sensitive to the elevated CO2 than conifer tree species. All seedlings showed a photosynthetic acclimation to long-term elevated CO2.
基金part of the Department of Science and Technology(DST),Government of India sponsored national research project titled“Himalayan Cryosphere:Science and Society”
文摘The study investigated the streamflow response to the shrinking cryosphere under changing climate in the Lidder valley, Upper Indus Basin(UIB), Kashmir Himalayas. We used a combination of multitemporal satellite data and topographic maps to evaluate the changes in area, length and volume of the glaciers from 1962 to 2013. A total of 37 glaciers from the Lidder valley, with an area of 39.76 km^2 in 1962 were selected for research in this study. It was observed that the glaciers in the valley have lost ~28.89 ±0.1% of the area and ~19.65 ±0.069% of the volume during the last 51 years, with variable interdecadal recession rates. Geomorphic and climatic influences on the shrinking glacier resources were studied. 30-years temperature records(1980-2010) in the study area showed a significant increasing trend in all the seasons. However, the total annual precipitation during the same period showed a nonsignificant decreasing trend except during the late summer months(July, August and September), when the increasing trend is significant. The depletion of glaciers has led to the significant depletion of the streamflows under the changing climate in the valley. Summer streamflows(1971-2012) have increased significantly till mid-nineties but decreased significantly thereafter, suggesting that the tipping point of streamflow peak, due to the enhanced glacier-melt contribution under increasing global temperatures, may have been already reached in the basin. The observed glacier recession and climate change patterns, if continued in future, would further deplete the streamflows with serious implications on water supplies for different uses in the region.
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program(2008BAC38B03-01-05)the Earthquake Scientific Research Project(200708020),China
文摘Using the data of P-wave network and Zhejiang and travel time recorded at the Shanxi-reservoir seismological Fujian local networks, we implemented a simultaneous inversion of earthquake relocation and velocity structure and determined the new locations of earthquakes in the Shanxi-reservoir. The results show that： （1） the overall epicenter distribution is NW directed, and the Shanxi reservoir induced seismicity has a close relationship to the Shuangxi-Jiaoxiyang fault; （2） the focal depth of the Shanxi reservoir induced seismicity is 5.4km in average, less than the average focal depth in the South China earthquake zone; （3） the focal depth is shallower on the reservoir shore and deeper in the reservoir inundation area. At the beginning of the reservoir induced seismicity, the focal depth increased gradually. This may be due to the gradual penetration of water into a larger depth that induced deeper earthquakes; and （4） there is a low P-wave velocity anomaly in the study area, located at the intersection of multiple faults in the reservoir inundation area. The Shanxi reservoir induced seismicity mostly occurred in this lowvelocity anomaly zone. This may be related to water penetration.
基金Project(51178417)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2012R10025)supported by the Qianjiang Talent Plan of Zhejiang Province,China+2 种基金Project(2012HY006B)supported by the Marine Cross-Guide Research Funds of Zhejiang University,ChinaProject(2013FZA4015)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,ChinaProject supported by the Department of Construction of Zhejiang Province,China
文摘Phosphorous slag （PHS）, ground granulated blast-furnace slag （GGBS） and fly ash （FA） were used as replacements of Portland cement to modify the microstruc^xe of recycled aggregate concrete （RAC）. A new manufacturing method named ＂W3T4＂ was proposed to improve the performances of interracial transition zone （ITZ） between recycled aggregate and mortar. The mechanical properties and the durability of RAC were tested, which show that this new manufacturing method improves the properties of RAC, and the GGBS with finest size makes a great contribution to the performance of RAC due to its better filling effect and much earlier pozzolanic reaction. Combined with GGBS, the effects of PHS on the retardation of setting time can be alleviated and the synergistic effect helps to make a more compact RAC. For the RAC with 25% of the recycled aggregate （RA） replacement and 10% PHS ＋ 10% GGBS additives, the compressive strength increases by 25.4%, but the permeability decreases by 64.3% with respect to the reference concrete made with nature aggregates. The micro-mechanisms of these improvements were investigated by the scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The SEM images show that the new manufacturing method, adding superfine pozzolanic powders and super-plasticizer benefits, makes a much denser ITZ in RAC.
文摘[Objective] This study was conducted to optimize PCR-SSCP reaction system and conditions for hawthorn （Crataegus spp.）. [Method] The chloroplast DNA and nuclear DNA of hawthorn leaf were extracted with improved CTAB method. Pdmers for the PCR amplification of chloroplast DNA and nuclear DNA were select- ed from eight pairs of candidate pdmers, and the PCR-SSCP reaction system and reaction conditions were optimized. The PCR products were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis, and the denatured PCR-SSCP products were analyzed by native polyacrylamide gel. [Result] Five pairs primers （psbA-tmH, ropB, ropL, rpoC1 and ITS2） were proved to be suitable for PCR-SSCP in hawthorn, including four for chloroplast DNA and one for nuclear DNA. The clear electrophoretogram of PCR- SSCP in hawthorn was obtained by performing electrophoresis in 0.5×TBE buffer, at 4 ℃ and 200 V for 3-4 h, using 6% native polyacrylamide gel （crosslinking ratio at 29：1）, and the PCR product had been mixed with an equal volume of loading buffer containing 1% NaOH （without glycerol） and denatured at 98℃ for 15 min. [Conclu- sion] The results may lay the foundation of SSCP analysis of hawthom.
文摘As the green and sustainable development of human society highly relies on renewable energy,it has been recognized that electrocatalysis is a key technology to this end.High efficient ways of carbon-neutralization(eCO_(2)RR),reverse artificial nitrogen cycle(RANC),and oxygen chemistry(OER and ORR)all can be driven by electrocatalysis.Advanced theoretical study is an important means to fundamentally understanding electrocatalytic reactions.Herein,we review a few significant issues in theoretical electrocatalysis.First,electrochemical barriers and potential effects are essential for a more accurate description of reaction mechanism and activity.Meanwhile,consideration of competitive reaction path is also one of the important aspects,as novel insights and anomalous volcano trend can be obtained.Finally,a microenvironment exerted by confined space can tune the capacitance of electrochemical interface and(electro)chemical potential of proton,resulting in a possibility to improve reaction activity,which opens a new avenue for design of catalyst.
文摘Focusing inversion is accomplished by the iterative of abnormal source to make the image gradually focused. It can better reflect the underground geological geometry and physical parameters. The model experiments in the study show that gravity focusing inversion allows inversion image stabilization and polymerization,which solves the multiple solutions and instability of inversion and so on. The method is applied to measured gravity data processing of certain region of Changbai Mountain,compared to Euler deconvolution,the results show that the method for determining the horizontal position and depth of underground anomalies has good efforts.
