用于光伏建筑一体化的铜铟镓硒光伏电池热稳定性差,一旦建筑物发生火灾,受火作用下,铜铟镓硒电池材料的可燃性会增加建筑物自身的火灾载荷,这会加剧建筑物火灾的蔓延。基于此研究了小尺寸铜铟镓硒光伏电池在不同点火源作用下的受火反应...用于光伏建筑一体化的铜铟镓硒光伏电池热稳定性差,一旦建筑物发生火灾,受火作用下,铜铟镓硒电池材料的可燃性会增加建筑物自身的火灾载荷,这会加剧建筑物火灾的蔓延。基于此研究了小尺寸铜铟镓硒光伏电池在不同点火源作用下的受火反应行为。以200 m L及500 m L酒精池火作为辐射热源,分析了铜铟镓硒电池在受到不同大小热辐射后的热解和阴燃特性;以酒精火焰作为点火源,分析了电池接触明火后的着火温度、火焰温度及质量损失速率。结果表明:当小尺寸铜铟镓硒光伏电池板所受的热辐射小于等于6.15 k W/m^(2)时,温度达到232℃开始热解,阴燃期间电池迎火面温度可达662℃;在明火作用下,小尺寸铜铟镓硒电池板在表面温度达到254℃可以被引燃,10 cm高度火焰温度可达694℃,质量损失速率最大为0.45 g/s。展开更多
Local and global optimization methods are widely used in geophysical inversion but each has its own advantages and disadvantages. The combination of the two methods will make it possible to overcome their weaknesses. ...Local and global optimization methods are widely used in geophysical inversion but each has its own advantages and disadvantages. The combination of the two methods will make it possible to overcome their weaknesses. Based on the simulated annealing genetic algorithm （SAGA） and the simplex algorithm, an efficient and robust 2-D nonlinear method for seismic travel-time inversion is presented in this paper. First we do a global search over a large range by SAGA and then do a rapid local search using the simplex method. A multi-scale tomography method is adopted in order to reduce non-uniqueness. The velocity field is divided into different spatial scales and velocities at the grid nodes are taken as unknown parameters. The model is parameterized by a bi-cubic spline function. The finite-difference method is used to solve the forward problem while the hybrid method combining multi-scale SAGA and simplex algorithms is applied to the inverse problem. The algorithm has been applied to a numerical test and a travel-time perturbation test using an anomalous low-velocity body. For a practical example, it is used in the study of upper crustal velocity structure of the A＇nyemaqen suture zone at the north-east edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The model test and practical application both prove that the method is effective and robust.展开更多
Based on mine fire fighting practices at the 1110 working face of the Brapukuria Coal Mine,Bangladesh,we introduce and discuss the Y-Inversion Ventilation System,the latest technology used both in mine fire zone manag...Based on mine fire fighting practices at the 1110 working face of the Brapukuria Coal Mine,Bangladesh,we introduce and discuss the Y-Inversion Ventilation System,the latest technology used both in mine fire zone management and the unsealing process.This ventilation system can ensure that all miners breathed fresh air,providing protection for them during fire fighting and unsealing the fire zone.On the other hand,adjusting the amount of air at the working face and forming a CO leakage path controlled the state of the fire and as well ensured that the different fire extinguishing measures could be applied successfully.These are all fundamental techniques which ensured successful fire extinguishing and unsealing of the fire zone.We also analyzed the main reasons for the spontaneous coal combustion that occurred at the 1110 working face.Successful application of advanced composite polymer colloidal perfusion techniques,polymer foam MEA perfusion and fire-prevention technology by infusing nitrogen,used in mine fire zone management and unsealing,are presented.We value the experience with these techniques very highly and are of the opinion that these techniques could be widely used in mine fire fighting practices under similar spontaneous coal combustion conditions elsewhere.展开更多
文摘用于光伏建筑一体化的铜铟镓硒光伏电池热稳定性差,一旦建筑物发生火灾,受火作用下,铜铟镓硒电池材料的可燃性会增加建筑物自身的火灾载荷,这会加剧建筑物火灾的蔓延。基于此研究了小尺寸铜铟镓硒光伏电池在不同点火源作用下的受火反应行为。以200 m L及500 m L酒精池火作为辐射热源,分析了铜铟镓硒电池在受到不同大小热辐射后的热解和阴燃特性;以酒精火焰作为点火源,分析了电池接触明火后的着火温度、火焰温度及质量损失速率。结果表明:当小尺寸铜铟镓硒光伏电池板所受的热辐射小于等于6.15 k W/m^(2)时,温度达到232℃开始热解,阴燃期间电池迎火面温度可达662℃;在明火作用下,小尺寸铜铟镓硒电池板在表面温度达到254℃可以被引燃,10 cm高度火焰温度可达694℃,质量损失速率最大为0.45 g/s。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.40334040 and 40974033)the Promoting Foundation for Advanced Persons of Talent of NCWU
文摘Local and global optimization methods are widely used in geophysical inversion but each has its own advantages and disadvantages. The combination of the two methods will make it possible to overcome their weaknesses. Based on the simulated annealing genetic algorithm （SAGA） and the simplex algorithm, an efficient and robust 2-D nonlinear method for seismic travel-time inversion is presented in this paper. First we do a global search over a large range by SAGA and then do a rapid local search using the simplex method. A multi-scale tomography method is adopted in order to reduce non-uniqueness. The velocity field is divided into different spatial scales and velocities at the grid nodes are taken as unknown parameters. The model is parameterized by a bi-cubic spline function. The finite-difference method is used to solve the forward problem while the hybrid method combining multi-scale SAGA and simplex algorithms is applied to the inverse problem. The algorithm has been applied to a numerical test and a travel-time perturbation test using an anomalous low-velocity body. For a practical example, it is used in the study of upper crustal velocity structure of the A＇nyemaqen suture zone at the north-east edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The model test and practical application both prove that the method is effective and robust.
基金supported by the Key Laboratory Opening Fund of Coalmine Gas & Fire Protection of Henan Province (No.HKLGF200702)
文摘Based on mine fire fighting practices at the 1110 working face of the Brapukuria Coal Mine,Bangladesh,we introduce and discuss the Y-Inversion Ventilation System,the latest technology used both in mine fire zone management and the unsealing process.This ventilation system can ensure that all miners breathed fresh air,providing protection for them during fire fighting and unsealing the fire zone.On the other hand,adjusting the amount of air at the working face and forming a CO leakage path controlled the state of the fire and as well ensured that the different fire extinguishing measures could be applied successfully.These are all fundamental techniques which ensured successful fire extinguishing and unsealing of the fire zone.We also analyzed the main reasons for the spontaneous coal combustion that occurred at the 1110 working face.Successful application of advanced composite polymer colloidal perfusion techniques,polymer foam MEA perfusion and fire-prevention technology by infusing nitrogen,used in mine fire zone management and unsealing,are presented.We value the experience with these techniques very highly and are of the opinion that these techniques could be widely used in mine fire fighting practices under similar spontaneous coal combustion conditions elsewhere.
