122名初中工读学生情绪反应与表达的特点

目的:探讨初中工读生与普通初中生情绪反应、表达的不同特点。方法:运用自编中学生情绪评定问卷和修订的Spielberger状态-特质愤怒表达问卷对833名普通中学初中生和122名工读学校初中生进行测量研究。结果:(1)中学生情绪评定问卷的七个分问卷的α系数分别为:0.74、0.82、0.77、0.83、0.85、0.78、0.71,状态特质愤怒表达问卷的四个分问卷的α系数分别为:0.91、0.78、0.79、0.93。(2)初中女生的恐惧、悲伤感和愤怒、正性情绪表达、负性情绪表达评分显著高于男生(3.7±0.9/2.9±0.9,F=73.77,P<0.001;4.3±0.8/3.6±1.1,F=29.93,P<0.001;4.0±0.7/3.8±0.8,F=21.71,P<0.001;3.5±0.8/3.1±0.8,F=17.48,P<0.001)。(3)初中工读生的恐惧和愤怒、悲伤、愤怒控制评分显著低于普通学生(2.8±1.0/3.3±1.0,F=5.50,P<0.05;3.5±1.2/4.1±1.0,F=3.85,P<0.05;2.1±0.6/2.5±0.7,F=25.55,P<0.001),而状态愤怒、特质愤怒、愤怒表达评分显著高于普通学生(2.4±1.0/1.9±0.8,F=28.82,P<0.001;2.5±0.7/2.1±0.6,F=25.13,P<0.001;2.3±0.6/1.9±0.6,F=32.86,P<0.001)。正性情绪表达的性别与组别的交互作用显著(F=6.07,P=0.011),具体为男生中工读学生的正性情绪表达评分低于普通学生(3.5±0.8/3.9±0.7,P=0.018)而女生中差别不显著。结论:初中工读学生的情绪反应与情绪表达,尤其是愤怒情绪反应与表达存在一定的缺陷。

挖掘化学反应中的隐藏部分

不同的化学反应，其反应机理常常是不同的，因此，许多反应存在着隐藏的内容，本文选择部分典型实例进行了逐一分析。

大鼠阴茎组织一氧化氮合成酶基因表达及不同月龄的影响

目的了解阴茎组织中 NOS基因表达水平。方法应用 RT- PCR方法测定 2、12和 2 4月龄大鼠阴茎组织中NOSm RNA的含量。结果老龄大鼠与低月龄大鼠相比阴茎组织中 NOSm RNA表达水平显著降低 (2月龄与 12月龄比较 ,P<0 .0 5 ,与 2 4月龄比较 ,P<0 .0 1,12月龄与 2 4月龄比较 ,P<0 .0 5 )。结论阴茎组织中 NOSm

转hrf1基因水稻对稻曲病抗性分析

用注射接种法测定9个转hrf1基因水稻品系对稻曲病的抗性,结果表明B12-2m、B12、HTRP2和NJH12转基因系对稻曲病的抗性有显著提高,其中NJH12对稻曲病的抗性表现最突出。在江苏南京和安徽潜山两地的田间测定结果显示NJH12对稻曲病的抗性表现明显,与对照相比防效提高65%以上。用RT-PCR测定抗病转基因系中防卫基因的表达,在抗病转基因系中,Ospr1a、Ospr1b和PAL等防卫反应基因的表达明显增强。转hrf1基因水稻可能通过诱导防卫反应基因的表达提高水稻对稻曲病的抗性。

Effects of Selenium Dioxide on Apoptosis, Bcl-2 and P53 Expression, Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species and Calcium Level in Three Human Lung Cancer Cell Lines

Objective: To evaluate the anti-tumor effects of SeO2 and its mechanisms on three human lung cancer cell lines. Methods: Three lung cancer cells A549, GLC-82 and PG were treated with 3-30 μmol/L SeO2. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis, and analyze the changes of expression of p53 and Bcl-2, as well as ROS and Ca2+ level within cells. Results:SeO2 markedly inhibited cell proliferation and viability, and prompted apoptosis after 48 h treatment. SeO2 at 10 μmol/L induced 47.8% apoptosis in A549 cells, 40.8% in GLC-82 cells, 18.2% in PG cells. SeO2 at 30 μmol/L induced 37.8% apoposis in PG cells,but did not increase apoptotic raes in other two cells. SeO2 could down-regulate the mean fluorescent intensity of Bcl-2 from 65.8 to 9.6 in A549, but not in GLC-82 and in PG cells, up-regulate wild type p53 level in all three cells. SeO2 decreased the ROS and Ca2+ level markedly within three tested cells. Conclusion: SeO2 showed anti-tumor effect via apoptosis pathway in three lung cancer cell lines. The decrease of ROS and Ca2+ level within cells as well as regulation of Bcl-2 and p53 expression may play important roles in above apoptotic procedure.

Avr/Cf Interaction Induce the Expression of Ptis, Genes Encoding Pto-interactors

Products of plant resistance ( R ) genes Pto and Cf contain distinct domains, and have different cellular localization. It is intriguing to compare the development mechanisms of resistance conferred by the two R genes. In the present report, two hypersensitive response (HR) initiation systems were employed to study the time_course expression induced by Avr / Cf interaction of the genes encoding Pti4, Pti5 and Pti6 which interact directly with Pto: (1) Seeds of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) containing complementary gene pairs Avr 4/ Cf _4 and Avr 9/ Cf _9 were obtained through crossing. Their seedlings developed HR under room temperature. (2) Avr / Cf seedlings grew normally at 33 ℃. When the temperature was shifted down to 25 ℃, HR occurred within hours in the seedlings. Results of both experiments showed that expression of Pti4, Pti5 and Pti6 was induced upon development of hypersensitive necrosis in Avr / Cf seedlings. However, the expression levels and patterns of these Pti s differed. This finding indicated that these Pti s function complementarily, and might be involved in regulation of both Pto and Cf _conferred resistance.

Effect of heme oxygenase-1 on renal function in rats with liver cirrhosis

AIM: To investigate the role of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in pathogenesis of experimental hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). METHODS: Rats were divided into liver cirrhotic group, zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) treatment group, cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) treatment group and sham group. Biliary cirrhosis was established by bile duct ligation in the first three groups. Rats in the ZnPP and CoPP treatment groups received intraperitoneal injection of ZnPP and CoPP, respectively, 24 h before sample collection. Expression of HO-1 mRNA in kidney was detected by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, while protein expression was determined by immunohis-tochemical analysis. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to observe liver cirrhosis and renal structure. Renal artery blood flow, mean arterial pressure and portal vein pressure, 24 h total urinary volume, serum and urine sodium concentrations, and creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) were also measured.RESULTS: The HO-1 mRNA and protein expression levels in kidney, 24 h total urinary volume, renal artery blood flow, serum and urine sodium concentration and Ccr were lower in cirrhotic group than in sham group (P < 0.05). However, they were significantly lower in ZnPP treatment group than in cirrhotic group and significantly higher in CoPP treatment group than in cirrhotic group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Low HO-1 expression level in kidney is an important factor for experimental HRS.

The kinetics of IL-4 and IFN-γ gene expression in Mice after Trichosansin immunization

Thichosanthin (TCS) is a potent allergen to mice. According to our previous experiments, it could bring out the IgE response to ovabumin (OVA) if TCS was given one day before OVA immunization, while OVA alone could not induce IgE to it. In this work, the kinetics of interleukin 4(IL-4) and interferon γ(IFN-γ) gene expression in the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) of TCS-immunized mice was investigated using a semi-quantitative RT-PCR method. It indicated that TCS induced significant IL-4gene expression and the peaks of IL4 gene expression were on day one after TCS immunization in both primary and secondary response. In contrast, the IFN-γ gene expression was suppressed. Furthermore, the IL-4 gene expression in the secondary response was lower than that in the primary response. Thus the presence of IgE rpemory B cells were studied. Results showed that the amount of mature IgE mRNA arose significantly and rapidly one day after TCS restimulation, while in the MLN of the mice primed 30 days before and without boost, it was almost as the same amount of the unimmunized control. These findings suggest the existence of the IgE memory B cells in the mice after the primary TCS immunization.

Correlation of CD95 and soluble CD95 expression with acute rejection status of liver transplantation

AIM: To analyze the expression levels of soluble form of CD95, CD95 ligand (sCD95 and SCD95L, respectively) in plasma and CD95 expression on CD3+cells in liver-transplanted recipients with acute rejection (AR). METHODS: Peripheral blood mohonuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 30 clinically liver transplanted recipients. CD95 expression on CD3+ cells was quantitatively measured by two-color fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis. Lymphocyte surface phenotypes of CD4, CD8, CD16 and CD56 were determined by flow cytometry. Plasma levels of sCD95 and SCD95L were detected by Enzyme Linked-Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA). The results were compared with that from normal healthy volunteers (n=15 individuals). RESULTS: FACS analysis showed that CD95 expression on CD3+ T cells was significantly increased in liver transplanted recipients with AR compared to that in stable recipients without rejection and infection or healthy individuals who did not undergo transplantation (18 676.93±11 588.34/molecule, 6 848.20±1 712.96/molecule, 6 418.01±2 001.95/molecule, respectively, P<0.01). Whereas no significant difference was seen between liver-transplanted stable recipients and healthy individuals. Furthermore, no significant differences were detected between each group with CD4/CD8 ratio or the percentage of CD16+56+cells. Plasma levels of sCD95 were significantly higher in transplanted recipients with AR compared to that in stable recipients or healthy individuals (391.88±196.00, 201.37±30.30, 148.83±58.25 pg/mL, respectively, P<0.01). In contrast, the plasma levels of sCD95L in liver-transplanted recipients were not significantly different from that in healthy individuals. CONCLUSION: The present results indicate that the increased CD95 expression on CD3+cells and the increased levels of sCD95 in plasma may modify the immunological situation of the recipients after transplantation or represent the ongoing graft rejection.

Expression of Endogenous Beta Retroviruses and Hyal-2 mRNA in Immune Organs of Fetuses and Lambs

Endogenous beta retroviruses (enJSRV) are highly homologous with Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (exJSRV),this exogenous retrovirus is the aetiological agent of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA). The aim of this study was to clarify the function of enJSRV and the immunological mechanisms of its corresponding antibody, that is undetectable in JSRV-infected ovine serum. The expression of enJSRV envelope protein and Hyal-2 mRNA in immune organs and lungs of ovine fetuses and lambs were analyzed by Real-Time reverse transcription PCR and In Situ Hybridization using specific probes. In Situ Hybridization results indicated that the enJSRV envelope protein and Hyal-2 mRNA were expressed in thymus, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and lungs at different times, while no positive signals were detected in the negative controls. On the other hand, results from Real-Time reverse transcription PCR analysis showed that in 130d fetuses and 3d newborn lambs the enJSRV mRNA levels were much higher in organs associated with the immune system than that in lungs, especially in the thymus and spleen, but levels of Hyal-2 mRNA expression was not significantly different in all collected tissue. These results provided evidence from an immunology point of view to understand why the circulating antibodies against exJSRV are undetectable in JSRV-infected ovine, and will help to unravel the pathogenesis of JSRV-infected ovine.

Effect of Temperature on Gene Expression in the Pearl Oyster Pinctada fucata

In this study, we examined the effect of elevated temperature on the expression patterns of genes, i.e., nacrein, irr, n16, n19, and hsp70 in the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata. The experiment was carried out at 4 temperatures, i.e., 20℃(ambient, control), 24, 28℃, and 32℃. The expression levels of target genes in P. fucata were assayed at 0, 6, 24, 48, and 96 h via real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results showed that the expression levels of nacrein and irr had no significant variations among different time points below 28℃, but significantly increased over time at 32℃. The expression levels of n16 and n19 did not change markedly at 20℃. The former increased significantly at 6 h and 24 h while the latter substantially decreased during 6–96 h at 24, 28 and 32℃. Among different temperatures, the level of n16 was significantly lower at 20℃ than at other temperatures during 6–96 h, and the level of n19 significantly varied among different temperatures at 48 h and 96 h. The expression level of hsp70 was significantly higher at 32℃ than at 20, 24 and 28℃ at 24 h. These results demonstrated that elevated temperature impacted the physiological processes of P. fucata and potentially influenced its adaptability to thermal stress.

Legalon-SIL downregulates HCV core and NS5A in human hepatocytes expressing full-length HCV

AIM: To determine the effect of Legalon-SIL (LS) on hepatitis C virus (HCV) core and NS5A expression and on heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX-1) and its transcriptional regulators in human hepatoma cells expressing full length HCV genotype 1b. METHODS: CON1 cells were treated with 50 μmol/L or 200 μmol/L LS. Cells were harvested after 2, 6 and 24 h. HCV RNA and protein levels were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS: HCV RNA (core and NS5A regions) wasdecreased after 6 h with LS 200 μmol/L (P < 0.05). Both 50 and 200 μmol/L LS decreased HCV RNA levels [core region (by 55% and 88%, respectively) and NS5A region (by 62% and 87%, respectively) after 24 h compared with vehicle (dimethyl sulphoxide) control (P < 0.01). Similarly HCV core and NS5A protein were decreased (by 85%, P < 0.01 and by 65%, P < 0.05, respectively) by LS 200 μmol/L. Bach1 and HMOX-1 RNA were also downregulated by LS treatment (P < 0.01), while Nrf2 protein was increased (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that treatment with LS downregulates HCV core and NS5A expression in CON1 cells which express full length HCV genotype 1b, and suggests that LS may prove to be a valuable alternative or adjunctive therapy for the treatment of HCV infection.

Improvement of Copper-inducible Gene Expression System for Plant

The copper-regulated gene expression system has been developed to control spacial and temporal expression of transgene in plant. It comprises two parts: (1) ace I gene encoding copper-responsive transcription factor under the control of a constitutive or organ-specific promoter, and (2) a gene of interest under the control of a chimeric promoter consisting of the CaMV 35S (-90 to +8) promoter linked to the metal responsive element (MRE) carrying activating copper-metallothionein expression (ACE1)-binding sites. Here, the effectiveness of two different ACE1-binding cis -elements which derive from 5'-regulatory region of yeast metallothionein gene was investigated in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. W38). The results revealed that the MRE (-210 to -126) could increase the system inducibility by 50% - 100% compared with the previously reported MRE (-148 to -105). It is potential to use the copper-inducible system to control valuable gene traits in plant biotechnology.

Expression of semaphorin 5A and its receptor plexin B3 contributes to invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma

AIM:To investigate the protein and mRNA expression of semaphorin 5A and its receptor plexin B3 in gastric carcinoma and explore its role in the invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma.METHODS:Expression of semaphorin 5A and its receptor plexin B3 in 48 samples of primary gastric carcinoma,its corresponding non-neoplastic mucosa,and matched regional lymph node metastasis was assayed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting.RESULTS:The protein and mRNA expression of semaphorin 5A and its receptor plexin B3 increased gradually in non-neoplastic mucosa,primary gastric carcinoma and lymph node metastasis(P<0.05).Moreover,the expression of semaphorin 5A was closely correlated with that of plexin B3.CONCLUSION:Semaphorin 5A and its receptor plexin B3 play an important role in the invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma.

Side-stream smoking reduces intestinal inflammation and increases expression of tight junction proteins

AIM:To investigate the effect of side-stream smoking on gut microflora composition,intestinal inflammation and expression of tight junction proteins.METHODS:C57BL/6 mice were exposed to side-stream cigarette smoking for one hour daily over eight weeks.Cecal contents were collected for microbial composition analysis.Large intestine was collected for immunoblotting and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analyses of the inflammatory pathway and tight junction proteins.RESULTS:Side-stream smoking induced significant changes in the gut microbiota with increased mouse intestinal bacteria,Clostridium but decreased Fermicutes(Lactoccoci and Ruminococcus),Enterobacteriaceae family and Segmented filamentous baceteria compared to the control mice.Meanwhile,side-stream smoking inhibited the nuclear factor-κB pathway with reduced phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα,accompanied with unchanged mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α or interleukin-6.The contents of tight junction proteins,claudin3 and ZO2 were up-regulated in the large intestine of mice exposed side-stream smoking.In addition,side-stream smoking increased c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 MAPK kinase signaling,while inhibiting AMPactivated protein kinase in the large intestine.CONCLUSION:Side-stream smoking altered gut microflora composition and reduced the inflammatory response,which was associated with increased expression of tight junction proteins.

Expression of early growth response factor-1 in rats with cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis and its significance

AIM： To observe the expressions of early growth response factor-1 （Egr-1） and tissue factor （TF） in rats with cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis and to explore its significance. METHODS： A large dose of cerulein was used to create the experimental acute pancreatitis model in rats. The changes of Egr-1 mRNA and protein in rats were observed during 30 min to 4 h after the treatment and immunohistochemical method was used to observe the localized expression of Egr-1 in tissues. In addition to the mRNA expression of Egr-1 target gene, TF was also observed. A blank control group, and a bombesinadministered group were used for comparison. RESULTS： Alter the stimulation of a large dose of cerulein, the rats showed typical inflammatory changes of acute pancreatitis. Thirty minutes alter the stimulation, the mRNA expression of Egr-1 in the pancreatic tissue reached its peak and then declined, while the expression of Egr-1 protein reached its peak 2 h after the stimulation. Histologically, 2 h after the stimulation, almost all pancreatic acinar cells had the expression of Egr-1 protein, which was focused in the nuclei. The mRNA expression of TF occurred 1 h after the stimulation and gradually increased within 4 h. However, a large dose of bombesin only stimulated the pancreatic tissue to produce a little mRNA expression of Egr-1 and no mRNA expression of Egr-1 protein and TF. CONCLUSION： Egr-1 as a pro-inflammatory transcription factor may play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis by modulating the expression of TF.

Gene expression arrays as a tool to unravel mechanisms of normal tissue radiation injury and prediction of response

Over the past 5 years there has been a rapid increase in the use of microarray technology in the field of cancer research, The majority of studies use microarray analysis of tumor biopsies for profiling of molecular characteristics in an attempt to produce robust classifiers for prognosis. There are now several published gene sets that have been shown to predict for aggressive forms of breast cancer, where patients are most likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy and tumors most likely to develop distant metastases, or be resistant to treatment. The number of publications relating to the use of microarrays for analysis of normal tissue damage, after cancer treatment or genotoxic exposure, is much more limited. A PublVled literature search was conducted using the following keywords and combination of terms： radiation, normal tissue, microarray, gene expression profiling, prediction. With respect to normal tissue radiation injury, microarrays have been used in three ways： （1） to generate gene signatures to identify sensitive and resistant populations （prognosis）; （2） to identify sets of biomarker genes for estimating radiation exposure, either accidental or as a result of terrorist attack （diagnosis）; （3） to identify genes and pathways involved in tissue response to injury （mechanistic）. In this article we will review all （relevant） papers that covered our literature search criteria on microarray technology as it has been applied to normal tissue radiation biology and discuss how successful this has been in defining predisposition markers for radiation sensitivity or how it has helped us to unravel molecular mechanisms leading to acute and late tissue toxicity. We also discuss some of the problems and limitations in application and interpretation of such data.

Dickkopf3 overexpression inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro

AIM:To elucidate the role of dickkopf3(Dkk3)in human pancreatic cancer cell growth.METHODS:Dkk3 mRNA and protein expression in human pancreatic cancer cell lines were detected by realtime reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(realtime RTPCR),Western blotting and immunofluorescence.Methylation of the Dkk3 promoter sequence was examined by methylationspecific polymerase chain reaction(MSP)and Dkk3 mRNA expression was determined by realtime RTPCR after 5aza2'deoxycytidine(5azadC)treatment.The effects of Dkk3 on cancer cell proliferation and in vitro sensitivity to gemcitabine were investigated by CellTiter 96?AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay(MTS)after transfecting the Dkk3 expression plasmid into human pancreatic cancer cells.The expression ofβcatenin,phosphorylated extracellular signalregulated protein kinases(pERK)and extracellular signalregulated protein kinases(ERK)was also examined by realtime RTPCR and Western blotting after upregulating Dkk3 expression in human pancreatic cancer cells.RESULTS:The results show that the expression levels of both Dkk3 mRNA and protein were low in all pancreatic cancer cell lines tested.The Dkk3 promoter sequence was methylated in the MIA PaCa2 and AsPC1 cell lines,which showed reduced Dkk3 expression.These two cell lines,which initially had a methylated Dkk3 promoter,showed increased Dkk3 mRNA expression that was dependent upon the dosage and timing of the DNA demethylating agent,5azadC,treatment(P<0.05 or P<0.01).When Dkk3 expression was upregulated following the transfection of a Dkk3 expression plasmid into MIA PaCa2 cells,the ability of cells to proliferate decreased(P<0.01),and the expression ofβcatenin and pERK was downregulated(P<0.01).Sensitivity to gemcitabine was enhanced in Dkk3 expression plasmidtransfected cells.CONCLUSION:Our findings,for the first time,implicate Dkk3 as a tumor suppressor in human pancreatic cancer,through the downregulation ofβcatenin expression via the ERKmediated pathway.

Expression of Neuropeptide Y in Human Pituitary Adenoma

OBJECTIVE Neuropeptide Y （NPY） acts as a neuroendocrine modulator in the anterior pituitary, and NPY mRNA and NPY-immunoreactivity have been detected in normal human anterior pituitaries. However, only a few studies of NPY expression in human pituitary adenomas have been published. Our study was conducted to determine whether or not adenomatous cells express NPY, to investigate the relationship between NPY expression and the subtypes of pituitary adenoma and to explore the clinical significance of NPY. METHODS The study included tissues from 58 patients with pituitary adenomas who underwent surgery because of their clinical diagnosis. Using a highly specific anti-NPY polyclonal antibody, immunohistochemical analysis was performed on the surgically removed pituitary adenomas. Six fresh specimens also were examined using immuno-electron microscopy. NPY was labeled with colloidal gold in order to study the distribution of NPY at the subcellular level. RESULTS The NPY expression level was significantly different among subgroups of pituitary adenomas （P〈0.05）. NPY was immuno-detected in 58.6% of all adenomas, in 91.7% of gonadotrophic adenomas and in 14.3% of prolactinomas. NPY expression was slightly lower in invasive pituitary adenomas compared to noninvasive adenomas, but the difference was not significant （t=1.81, P〉0.05）. Of particular interest was the finding that vascular endothelial cells showed positive NPY expression in some pituitary adenomas. Parts of strongly positive tumor cells were seen in channels formed without endothelial cells, but which contained some red blood cells in a formation similar to so-called vasculogenic mimicry. Immuno-electron microscopy demonstrated that 4 of the 6 fresh specimens displayed positive NPY staining with a high density of gold particles located mainly in the secretory granulas. In addition, gold particles were sparsely detected in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and cell matrix. CONCLUSION NPY exists in pituitary adenomas and its expression level was related to the types and biological characteristics of the pituitary adenomas. NPY may have a depressive effect on tumor cellular proliferation in pituitary adenomas. NPY possibly participates in modulating angiogenesis and hemodynamic changes in pituitary adenomas.