The Connolly （1999） elastic impedance （EI） equation is a function of P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity, density, and incidence angle. Conventional inversion methods based on this equation can only extract P-velocit...The Connolly （1999） elastic impedance （EI） equation is a function of P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity, density, and incidence angle. Conventional inversion methods based on this equation can only extract P-velocity, S-velocity, and density data directly and the elastic impedance at different incidence angles are not at the same scale, which makes comparison difficult. We propose a new elastic impedance equation based on the Gray et al. （1999） Zoeppritz approximation using Lamé parameters to address the conventional inversion method＇s deficiencies. This equation has been normalized to unify the elastic impedance dimensions at different angles and used for inversion. Lamé parameters can be extracted directly from the elastic impedance data obtained from inversion using the linear relation between Lamé parameters and elastic impedance. The application example shows that the elastic parameters extracted using this new method are more stable and correct and can recover the reservoir information very well. The new method is an improvement on the conventional method based on Connolly＇s equation.展开更多
Using butyl acrylate(BA),methyl methacrylate(MMA),methacrylic acid(MAA) and mixed emulsifier as raw materials,the self-crosslinked emulsion was prepared via pre-emulsified and semi-continuous seeded emulsion polymeriz...Using butyl acrylate(BA),methyl methacrylate(MMA),methacrylic acid(MAA) and mixed emulsifier as raw materials,the self-crosslinked emulsion was prepared via pre-emulsified and semi-continuous seeded emulsion polymerization technology in the presence of N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide and poly solidum maleate. The influence of mass ratio of BA to MMA,amount of N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide and poly solidum maleate on the rheological properties of the self-crosslinked emulsion was studied. Possible cross-linked mechanism of self-crosslinked monomer was investigated. And the relationship between emulsion viscosity and shear rate was investigated. The results show that the self-crosslinked acrylate emulsion with high elasticity can be synthesized when the mass fractions of BA is 60%,MMA is 40%,and added amount of N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide is 2.5%-3.0% and added amount of poly solidum maleate is 0.3%-0.4%. The self-crosslinkage process of N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide involves two steps. One is copolymerization of N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide and acrylate,the other is cross-linkage among polymer molecules via condensation reaction of methylol. The emulsion is of rheological properties of pseudo-plastic fluid and belongs to non-Newtonian fluid.展开更多
文摘The Connolly （1999） elastic impedance （EI） equation is a function of P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity, density, and incidence angle. Conventional inversion methods based on this equation can only extract P-velocity, S-velocity, and density data directly and the elastic impedance at different incidence angles are not at the same scale, which makes comparison difficult. We propose a new elastic impedance equation based on the Gray et al. （1999） Zoeppritz approximation using Lamé parameters to address the conventional inversion method＇s deficiencies. This equation has been normalized to unify the elastic impedance dimensions at different angles and used for inversion. Lamé parameters can be extracted directly from the elastic impedance data obtained from inversion using the linear relation between Lamé parameters and elastic impedance. The application example shows that the elastic parameters extracted using this new method are more stable and correct and can recover the reservoir information very well. The new method is an improvement on the conventional method based on Connolly＇s equation.
基金Project(2003B10506) supported by Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology, China
文摘Using butyl acrylate(BA),methyl methacrylate(MMA),methacrylic acid(MAA) and mixed emulsifier as raw materials,the self-crosslinked emulsion was prepared via pre-emulsified and semi-continuous seeded emulsion polymerization technology in the presence of N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide and poly solidum maleate. The influence of mass ratio of BA to MMA,amount of N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide and poly solidum maleate on the rheological properties of the self-crosslinked emulsion was studied. Possible cross-linked mechanism of self-crosslinked monomer was investigated. And the relationship between emulsion viscosity and shear rate was investigated. The results show that the self-crosslinked acrylate emulsion with high elasticity can be synthesized when the mass fractions of BA is 60%,MMA is 40%,and added amount of N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide is 2.5%-3.0% and added amount of poly solidum maleate is 0.3%-0.4%. The self-crosslinkage process of N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide involves two steps. One is copolymerization of N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide and acrylate,the other is cross-linkage among polymer molecules via condensation reaction of methylol. The emulsion is of rheological properties of pseudo-plastic fluid and belongs to non-Newtonian fluid.
