农业信息化问题研究

随着社会主义市场经济体制的逐步建立 ,社会各界对农业信息的需求越来越迫切。充分调动国家、企业、农户的力量 ,建立全国性的高效农业信息专门系统 ,为社会提供全面、准确的农业信息服务 。

Improved hybrid iterative optimization method for seismic full waveform inversion

In full waveform inversion （FWI）, Hessian information of the misfit function is of vital importance for accelerating the convergence of the inversion; however, it usually is not feasible to directly calculate the Hessian matrix and its inverse. Although the limited memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno （L-BFGS） or Hessian-free inexact Newton （HFN） methods are able to use approximate Hessian information, the information they collect is limited. The two methods can be interlaced because they are able to provide Hessian information for each other; however, the performance of the hybrid iterative method is dependent on the effective switch between the two methods. We have designed a new scheme to realize the dynamic switch between the two methods based on the decrease ratio （DR） of the misfit function （objective function）, and we propose a modified hybrid iterative optimization method. In the new scheme, we compare the DR of the two methods for a given computational cost, and choose the method with a faster DR. Using these steps, the modified method always implements the most efficient method. The results of Marmousi and overthrust model testings indicate that the convergence with our modified method is significantly faster than that in the L-BFGS method with no loss of inversion quality. Moreover, our modified outperforms the enriched method by a little speedup of the convergence. It also exhibits better efficiency than the HFN method.

BIO-INSPIRED SELF-ADAPTIVE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM CONTROL ARCHITECTURE

Future manufacturing systems need to cope with frequent changes and disturbances, therefore their control architectures require constant adaptability, agility, stability, self-organization, intelligence, and robustness. Bio-inspired manufacturing system can well satisfy these requirements. For this purpose, by referencing the biological organization structure and the mechanism, a bio-inspired manufacturing cell is presented from a novel view, and then a bio-inspired self-adaptive manufacturing model is established based on the ultra-short feedback mechanism of the neuro-endocrine system. A hio-inspired self-adaptive manufacturing system coordinated model is also established based on the neuro-endocrine-immunity system （NEIS）. Finally, an example based on pheromone communication mechanism indicates that the robustness of the whole manufacturing system is improved by bio-inspired technologies.

Bio-feedback treatment of fecal incontinence: Where are we, and where are we going?

Fecal incontinence is a disabling disease, often observed in young subjects, that may have devastating psycho-social consequences. In the last years, numerous evidences have been reported on the efficacy of bio-feedback techniques for the treatment of this disorder. Overall, the literature data claim a success rate in more than 70% of cases in the short term. However, recent controlled trials have not confirmed this optimistic view, thus emphasizing the role of standard care. Nonetheless, many authors believe that this should be the first therapeutic approach for fecal incontinence due to the efficacy, lack of side-effects,and scarce invasiveness. Well-designed randomized,controlled trial are eagerly awaited to solve this therapeutic dilemma.

Three-dimensional conjugate gradient inversion of magnetotelluric full information data

Based on the analysis of impedance tensor data, tipper data, and the conjugate gradient algorithm, we develop a three-dimensional （3D） conjugate gradient algorithm for inverting magnetotelluric full information data determined from five electric and magnetic field components and discuss the method to use the full information data for quantitative interpretation of 3D inversion results. Results from the 3D inversion of synthetic data indicate that the results from inverting full information data which combine the impedance tensor and tipper data are better than results from inverting only the impedance tensor data （or tipper data） in improving resolution and reliability. The synthetic examples also demonstrate the validity and stability of this 3D inversion algorithm.

Routine rectal retroflexion during colonoscopy has a low yield for neoplasia

AIM： To investigate the value of retroflexion in detecting neoplasia in the distal rectum. METHODS： This was a prospective observational study performed in an academic endoscopy unit. Consecutive patients undergoing colonoscopy had careful forward viewing of the distal rectum by retroflexion. Of 1502 procedures, 1076 （72%） procedures were performed with a 140^o angle of view colonoscope and 426 （28%） were performed with a 170^o angle of view colonoscope. The outcome measurement was the yield of neoplasia in the distal rectum detected by forward viewing vs retroflexion. RESULTS： A total of 1502 patients, including 767 （51%） females and 735 （49%） males, with mean age of 58.8 ± 12.5 years were enrolled. Retroflexion was successful in 1411 （93.9%） patients, unsuccessful or not performed because the rectum appeared narrow in 91 （6.1%）. Forty patients had a polyp detected in the distal rectal mucosa. Thirty-three were visible in both the forward and retroflexed view （25 hyperplastic, 8 adenomatous）. Seven polyps were visualized only by retroflexion （6 hyperplastic sessile polyps, one 4 mm sessile tubular adenoma）. There was no significant difference in information added by retroflexion with 140^o vs 170^o angle of view instrument. CONCLUSION： To our knowledge, this is the largest reported evaluation of retroflexion in the rectum. Routine rectal retroflexion did not detect clinically important neoplasia after a careful forward examination of the rectum to the dentate line. Since retroflexion has risks and may cause discomfort, theuse of routine retroflexion should be at the discretion of the endoscopist.

Modeling of C^3I system in laser countermeasure weapon system

With the spectrum extended in modem Electronic War, Laser Countermeasure Weapon will be requested in order to snatch up and keep the Electromagnetism-Power in war field. If Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence called Double-Army-Power-Implement is applied to general design of Laser Countermeasure Weapon System, the efficiency of Weapon System can be greatly improved. The Object-Oriented analysis and design approach based on UML for C^3I system architecture was put forward, by which logical： archi- tecture described by class diagrams and behavior diagrams can be developed through Object-Oriented analysis, and physical architecture described by component diagrams and deployment diagrams can be developed through Object-Oriented design. The framework Of Modeling based UML was firstly set forth, the high process of Command, Control, Intelligence, Surveillance, Reeo.nnaissance and UML Architecture was utilized. , Then the Modeling process was particularly discussed through following the core ideology and basic principle of RUP （ Rational Unified Process）. Next, a series of diagrams of UML diagram which include Activity diagrams, Use Case diagrams, Sequence diagrams, Package diagrams and Class diagrams of system analysis, Component dia- grams, and Deployment diagrams of system design are illustrated in the process of Modeling of C^3I system software. Lastly, some problems that should be noticed in the Modeling process, merit and demerit of model, next works were also put forward.

Microscopic simulation of multi-lane traffic under dynamic tolling and information feedback

To investigate drivers' lane-changing behavior under different information feedback strategies,a microscopic traffic simulation based on the cellular automaton model was made on the typical freeway with a regular lane and a high-occupancy one. A new dynamic tolling scheme in terms of the real-time traffic condition on the high-occupancy lane was further designed to enhance the whole freeway's flow throughput. The results show that the mean velocity feedback strategy is generally more efficient than the travel time feedback strategy in correctly guiding drivers' lane choice behavior. Specifically,the toll level,lane-changing rate and freeway's throughput and congestion coefficient induced by the travel time feedback strategy oscillate with larger amplitude and longer period. In addition,the dynamic tolling scheme can make the high-occupancy lane less congested and maximize the freeway's throughput when the regular-lane inflow rate is larger than 0.45.

Health Communication Framing： The Contribution of Weiner＇s Attribution Theory

Message framing has been shown to influence the persuasiveness of health communications. In this conceptual paper, the authors suggest that message framing can be extended to include causal attributions, and Weiner＇s Attribution Theory （Weiner＇s AT） is an appropriate theoretical framework for the study of message framing and health communications. Weiner＇s AT proposes a specific motivational sequence that may explain cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses to message frames. Propositions regarding relationships between message frames, causal attributions, and emotional and behavioral responses are presented to guide future research. The implications of this attribution-based message-framing process for future research are discussed

Design of Automatic Baby Nursing Trolley based on Intelligent Sensing Technology

This paper study and solve the design and manufacture of baby care car, its unique function is the baby carriage can be used as a baby bed, when necessary, it can also become a nursing car, sensor in the vehicle can be real-time detected whether the baby bed wetting and induction time will give parents information feedback; the humidity sensing probe controlled by single chip microcomputer and with the bottle clamp flexible connecting rod, can realize the baby auxiliary nurse; remote wireless commtmication system can allow parents to monitor children＇ s state. The design of intelligent baby carriage, to enhance the technological content of products, promote the innovation of design China bassinet production, has the important practical significance to seize the smart baby car market.

Retrieval of canopy biophysical variables from remote sensing data using contextual information

In order to improve the accuracy of biophysical parameters retrieved from remotely sensing data, a new algorithm was presented by using spatial contextual to estimate canopy variables from high-resolution remote sensing images. The developed algorithm was used for inversion of leaf area index (LAI) from Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data by combining with optimization method to minimize cost functions. The results show that the distribution of LAI is spatially consistent with the false composition imagery from ETM+ and the accuracy of LAI is significantly improved over the results retrieved by the conventional pixelwise retrieval methods, demonstrating that this method can be reliably used to integrate spatial contextual information for inverting LAI from high-resolution remote sensing images.

Respiratory Distress Resulting from Gastroesophageal Reflux Is not Asthma,but Laryngotracheal Irritation,Spasm,even Suffocation

ESPITE the strong association between gastroesophageal reflux disease （GERD） and asthma has been undisputedly established and widely recognized by experts in advanced countries. Yet few topics in medicine are as controversial as the causal relationship between GERD and asthma： some argue that GERD causes asthma, while others think the other way around is true, still quite a few believe that bronchodilator medications are to blame. This controversy continues to be a conundrum or more piece of the puzzle.1 We would like to share two thoughts which might be a belated revelation with scholars and experts and invite them for further cooperative studies： the GERD-derived respiratory distress is not asthma, but GERD pure and simple; and the pathogenesis of respiratory distress is not asthma, but laryngotracheal irritation/spasm/suffocation.

A Novel Mechanism for TRF of Plant-wide Material Flows in Process Industry MES

This paper is standing on the recent viewpoint originated from relevant industrial practices that well or-ganized tracing, representing and feedback(TRF) mechanism of material-flow information is crucial for system utility and usability of manufacturing execution systems(MES), essentially, for activities on the side of multi-level decision making and optimization mainly in the planning and scheduling. In this paper, we investigate a key issue emphasized on a route of multi-level information evolution on the side of large-scale feedback, where material-flow states could evolve from the measuring data(local states) to networked event-type information cells(global states) and consequently to the key performance indicators(KPI) type information(gross states). Importantly, with adapta-bilities to frequent structural dynamics residing in running material flows, this evolving route should be modeled as a suit of sophisticated mechanism for large-scale dynamic states tracking and representing so as to upgrade accu-racy and usability of the feedback information in MES. To clarify inherent complexities of this evolving route, the investigated issue is demonstrated from extended process systems engineering(PSE) point of view, and the TRF principles of the multi-level feedback information(states) are highlighted under the multi-scale methodology. As the main contribution, a novel mechanism called TRF modeling mechanism is introduced.

A two-stage CO-PSO minimum structure inversion using CUDA for extracting IP information from MT data

The study of induced polarization （IP） information extraction from magnetotelluric （MT） sounding data is of great and practical significance to the exploitation of deep mineral, oil and gas resources. The linear inversion method, which has been given priority in previous research on the IP information extraction method, has three main problems as follows： 1） dependency on the initial model, 2） easily falling into the local minimum, and 3） serious non-uniqueness of solutions. Taking the nonlinearity and nonconvexity of IP information extraction into consideration, a two-stage CO-PSO minimum structure inversion method using compute unified distributed architecture （CUDA） is proposed. On one hand, a novel Cauchy oscillation particle swarm optimization （CO-PSO） algorithm is applied to extract nonlinear IP information from MT sounding data, which is implemented as a parallel algorithm within CUDA computing architecture; on the other hand, the impact of the polarizability on the observation data is strengthened by introducing a second stage inversion process, and the regularization parameter is applied in the fitness function of PSO algorithm to solve the problem of multi-solution in inversion. The inversion simulation results of polarization layers in different strata of various geoelectric models show that the smooth models of resistivity and IP parameters can be obtained by the proposed algorithm, the results of which are relatively stable and accurate. The experiment results added with noise indicate that this method is robust to Gaussian white noise. Compared with the traditional PSO and GA algorithm, the proposed algorithm has more efficiency and better inversion results.

Evaluating effectiveness of four-parameter compound tactons for conveying urban navigation information

To guide pedestrians to navigate in a strange city and reduce the cognitive overload suffered when walking, thermal change direction, vibration stimulation direction, intensity variation and body location are employed to construct four-parameter compound tactons.They are mapped to four different types of navigation message： route attribute, intersection type, distance and heading direction. One psychological experiment was conducted. The derived confusion matrices were used to investigate recognition rates and information transfer for compound tactons,and non-parameter tests were employed to analyze the effect of each parameter on the number of correct responses.Experimental results show that the overall identification rate for four-parameter tactons is 88.72% by using different tactile parameters,and 19.64 icons can be identified reliably in all 32 tactile icons according to the information transfer value. Thermal changes can be an effective supplement to vibrotactile icons. This suggests that compound tactons will be a promising method of conveying complex information when navigating in a virtual or real urban environment.

Robust control of a class of non-affine nonlinear systems by state and output feedback

Robust control design is presented for a general class of uncertain non-affine nonlinear systems. The design employs feedback linearization, coupled with two high-gain observers: the first to estimate the feedback linearization error based on the full state information and the second to estimate the unmeasured states of the system when only the system output is available for feedback. All the signals in the closed loop are guaranteed to be uniformly ultimately bounded(UUB) and the output of the system is proven to converge to a small neighborhood of the origin. The proposed approach not only handles the difficulty in controlling non-affine nonlinear systems but also simplifies the stability analysis of the closed loop due to its linear control structure. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the approach.

Differentiating Data Collection for Cloud Environment Monitoring

In a growing number of information processing applications,data takes the form of continuous data streams rather than traditional stored databases.Monitoring systems that seek to provide monitoring services in cloud environment must be prepared to deal gracefully with huge data collections without compromising system performance.In this paper,we show that by using a concept of urgent data,our system can shorten the response time for most 'urgent' queries while guarantee lower bandwidth consumption.We argue that monitoring data can be treated differently.Some data capture critical system events;the arrival of these data will significantly influence the monitoring reaction speed which is called urgent data.High speed urgent data collections can help system to react in real time when facing fatal errors.A cloud environment in production,MagicCube,is used as a test bed.Extensive experiments over both real world and synthetic traces show that when using urgent data,monitoring system can lower the response latency compared with existing monitoring approaches.

Reflection full-waveform inversion using a modified phase misfit function

Reflection full-waveform inversion （RFWI） updates the low- and high- wavenumber components, and yields more accurate initial models compared with conventional full-waveform inversion （FWI）. However, there is strong nonlinearity in conventional RFWI because of the lack of low-frequency data and the complexity of the amplitude. The separation of phase and amplitude information makes RFWI more linear. Traditional phase-calculation methods face severe phase wrapping. To solve this problem, we propose a modified phase-calculation method that uses the phase-envelope data to obtain the pseudo phase information. Then, we establish a pseudophase-information-based objective function for RFWI, with the corresponding source and gradient terms. Numerical tests verify that the proposed calculation method using the phase-envelope data guarantees the stability and accuracy of the phase information and the convergence of the objective function. The application on a portion of the Sigsbee2A model and comparison with inversion results of the improved RFWI and conventional FWI methods verify that the pseudophase-based RFWI produces a highly accurate and efficient velocity model. Moreover, the proposed method is robust to noise and high frequency.

Comprehensive Analysis and Artificial Intelligent Simulation of Land Subsidence of Beijing, China

Mechanism and modeling of the land subsidence are complex because of the complicate geological background in Beijing, China. This paper analyzed the spatial relationship between land subsidence and three factors, including the change of groundwater level, the thickness of compressible sediments and the building area by using remote sensing and GIS tools in the upper-middle part of alluvial-proluvial plain fan of the Chaobai River in Beijing. Based on the spatial analysis of the land subsidence and three factors, there exist significant non-linear relationship between the vertical displacement and three factors. The Back Propagation Neural Network (BPN) model combined with Genetic Algorithm (GA) was used to simulate regional distribution of the land subsidence. Results showed that at field scale, the groundwater level and land subsidence showed a significant linear relationship. However, at regional scale, the spatial distribution of groundwater depletion funnel did not overlap with the land subsidence funnel. As to the factor of compressible strata, the places with the biggest compressible strata thickness did not have the largest vertical displacement. The distributions of building area and land subsidence have no obvious spatial relationships. The BPN-GA model simulation results illustrated that the accuracy of the trained model during fifty years is acceptable with an error of 51% of verification data less than 20 mm and the average of the absolute error about 32 mm. The BPN model could be utilized to simulate the general distribution of land subsidence in the study area. Overall, this work contributes to better understand the complex relationship between the land subsidence and three influencing factors. And the distribution of the land subsidence can be simulated by the trained BPN-GA model with the limited available dada and acceptable accuracy.