意义研究中的整体论与反整体论之争

意义整体论及其与反整体论的争论是心灵哲学的意向性或意义研究向纵深推进的一个产物,所关心的前沿焦点问题是:每个意义的个体性的条件或原因是什么,是否应根据它们所随附的内在物理属性而将它们个体化。随着个体主义和反个体主义围绕上述问题所作研究及争论的深入,意义整体论作为一种综合折中的理论脱颖而出。反整体论针对整体论的观点及论证作了全面的批判,引发了两者的唇枪舌战。意义整体论认为,意义是由有整体论性质的东西决定的,而反整体论认为,符号的意义不受它与其他符号关系的影响。两者的创造性论证和争论不仅深化了对意义的本质及决定条件的认识,而且对心灵哲学乃至形而上学的整体论研究也有推动作用。

动态整体反恶化混沌粒子群优化算法

为防止粒子群优化算法陷入局部最优,引入混沌和整体反恶化机制,设计了一种整体逐步反恶化的粒子群优化算法公式,提出动态整体反恶化混沌粒子群优化算法,使粒子摆脱局部最优,逐步向全局最优处收敛。采用多个著名标准测试函数进行实验,结果表明本文方法在不同情况下都超越了其他著名粒子群优化改进算法。

书籍设计形态中解构思维的实现

书籍设计近年来获得了长足的发展,同时也促进了解构思维在其中的实现。解构思维在设计中被演绎为反秩序、反整体、反中心的设计语言,在书籍设计形态中则具体表现为"随意赋形"的文字设计、抽象新奇的图像设计、极富冲击力的色彩运用以及不安定的版式设计这四个维度。解构思维不但在现今书籍设计实践中得到大量运用,同时也促进了书籍设计自身独立价值的进一步明确。

教育对中国收入不平等变迁的作用:1991～2006

中国的改革开放引发了经济的迅速增长,同时也造成了贫富差距扩大的问题,并成为中国进一步发展的瓶颈。本研究尝试在北卡罗大学卡罗人口中心和中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所合作调查的中国健康与营养调查(1991～2006)数据基础上,应用整体分布反事实模拟法对教育对中国收入不平等变迁的影响进行研究。研究发现,1991～2006年间,教育扩展对中国收入不平等变迁的作用表现为U字形趋势,即表现为"扩大—扩大的强度减少—缩小—缩小的强度增大"的趋势作用;而教育收益率的变化对中国收入不平等的作用表现为倒U字形方向,即"缩小—扩大—扩大的强度增强—强度缩小"的趋势作用。结论表明,教育对收入不平等的变化有所作为,但是要发挥教育改善收入不平等的作用,需要提高低收入群体的教育水平,改善教育自身的分配平等。

The Global Uniqueness of Solutions for a Class of Inverse Problem in 1-D Wave Equations of Hyperbolic Type

This paper has given the global uniquene ss theory of solutions for a class of inverse problem in 1_D Wave equation of hype rbolic type.

Numerical simulation of fixed bed reactor for oxidative coupling of methane over monolithic catalyst

A three-dimensional geometric model was set up for the oxidative coupling of methane(OCM) fixed bed reactor loaded with Na_3PO_4-Mn/SiO_2/cordierite monolithic catalyst,and an improved Stansch kinetic model was established to calculate the OCM reactions using the computational fluid dynamics method and Fluent software.The simulation conditions were completely the same with the experimental conditions that the volume velocity of the reactant is 80 ml·min^(-1) under standard state,the CH_4/O_2 ratio is 3 and the temperature and pressure is800 ℃ and 1 atm,respectively.The contour of the characteristic parameters in the catalyst bed was analyzed,such as the species mass fractions,temperature,the heat flux on side wall surface,pressure,fluid density and velocity.The results showed that the calculated values matched well with the experimental values on the conversion of CH4 and the selectivity of products(C_2H_6,C_2H_4,CO,CO_2 and H_2) in the reactor outlet with an error range of±4%.The mass fractions of CH_4 and O_2 decreased from 0.600 and 0.400 at the catalyst bed inlet to 0.445 and0.120 at the outlet,where the mass fractions of C_2H_6,C_2H_4,CO and CO_2 were 0.0245,0.0460,0.0537 and 0.116,respectively.Due to the existence of laminar boundary layer,the mass fraction contours of each species bent upwards in the vicinity of the boundary layer.The volume of OCM reaction was changing with the proceeding of reaction,and the total moles of products were greater than reactants.The flow field in the catalyst bed maintained constant temperature and pressure.The fluid density decreased gradually from 2.28 kg·m^(-3) at the inlet of the catalyst bed to 2.18 kg·m^(-3) at the outlet of the catalyst bed,while the average velocity magnitude increased from 0.108 m·s-1 to 0.120 m·s^(-1).

Simulation of Catalytic Combustion of Methane in a Monolith Honeycomb Reactor

Catalytic combustion of CH4/air in monolith reactor is simulated using a commercial computational fluid dy-namic code. The user subroutines to describe the heterogeneous reaction at the channel wall in a single channel and at the channel walls in the whole reactor are incorporated into the program. The correctness of the method is verified by com-paring the simulation results with the experimental data for the whole reactor. Furthermore, it is observed that the model based on the whole reactor is more reasonable than that based on a single channel. Therefore, using the former, the effects of operating conditions such as inlet gas velocity, temperature, concentration and catalyst loading on methane conversion are investigated.

Transfer and Reaction Performances of Selective Catalytic Reduction of NzO with CO over Monolith Catalysts

This work tries to identify the relationship between geometric configuration of monolith catalysts, and transfer and reaction performances for selective catalytic reduction of N2O with CO. Monolith catalysts with five different channel shapes (circle, regular triangle, rectangle, square and hexagon), was investigated to make a comprehensive comparison of their pressure drop, heat transfer Nu number, mass transfer Sh number and N2O conversion. It was found that monolith catalysts have a much lower pressure drop than that of traditional packed bed, and for monolith catalysts with different channel shapes, pressure drop decreases in the order of regular triangle > rectangle > square > hexagon > circle. The order of Nu is in regular triangle > rectangle ≈ square > hexagon > circle, similar to that of Sh. N2O conversion follows the order of regular triangle > rectangular ≈ square ≈ circle > hexagon. The results indicate that chemical reaction including internal diffusion is the controlling step in the selective catalytic reduction of N2O removal with CO. In addition, channel size and gas velocity also have influence on N2O conversion and pressure drop.

某汽车燃料箱隔热板翻边成形工艺设计及研究

目的为了成形高质量、少缺陷的汽车燃油箱隔热板。方法采用整体翻边-局部反拉深的工艺方法,以隔热板曲面凸台圆角处的最大减薄率为试验指标,采取正交试验及极差分析确定最优成形工艺参数,并利用有限元数值软件对其成形过程进行模拟。结果各因素对曲面凸台圆角减薄的影响主次顺序为:凸模下压速度、摩擦因数、凸模与顶出块夹紧力,最优成形工艺参数组合为:下压速度为10 mm/s、摩擦因数为0.12、夹紧力为40 kN。由等效应变结果分析得出,随着变形量的增加,左侧翻边曲面等效应变分布大于右侧,两侧翻边曲面交接处也积累了较大应变。实际成形件的最大减薄率为凸台位置的17.1%,满足生产要求。结论在最优工艺参数下生产出合格隔热件,实际成形件的减薄情况与模拟结果基本一致,验证了模具设计和模拟的准确性,这对于成形结构复杂的异形构件具有一定的指导意义。

Hydrogen production from partial oxidation of dimethyl ether by plasma-catalyst reforming

Hydrogen was produced from partial oxidation reforming of DME （dimethyl ether） by spark discharge plasma at atmospheric pressure. A plasma-catalyst reformer was designed. A series of experiments were carried out to investigate its performance of hydrogen-rich gas production. The effects of reaction temperature, catalyst and flow rate on gas concentrations （volume fraction）, hydrogen yield, DME conversion ratio, specific energy consumption and thermal efficiency were investigated, respectively. The experimental results show that hydrogen concentration and the flow rate of produced H2 are improved when temperature increases from 300 ℃ to 700 ℃. Hydrogen yield, hydrogen concentration and the flow rate of produced H2 are substantially improved in the use of Fe-based catalyst at high temperature. Moreover, hydrogen yield and thermal efficiency are improved and change slightly when flow rate increases. When catalyst is 12 g, and flow rate increases from 35 mL/min to 210 mL/min, hydrogen yield decreases from 66.4% to 57.7%, and thermal efficiency decreases from 35.6% to 30.9%. It is anticipated that the results would serve as a good guideline to the application of hydrogen generation from hydrocarbon fuels by plasma reforming onboard.

高速公路大中型桥梁支座病害原因分析及处治对策

桥梁支座是连接桥梁上部结构和下部结构的重要构件,可谓一座桥梁的咽喉所在,关系重大,一旦出现病害,将影响到上下部结构的使用寿命和交通安全。目前,新建的公路桥梁几乎全部选用橡胶支座,特别是高速公路桥梁,橡胶支座用量大,病害多,事故频发,支座病害处置及更换刻不容缓,本文着重对高速公路大中型桥梁支座病害原因进行分析,采取相应的处置对策,连续体系桥梁,采用整联同步顶升;简支体系的桥梁,采用逐墩顶升的方式进行支座更换,从而保证高速公路上下部结构的使用寿命和交通安全。

《故事新编》手稿的时间意识及对记忆研究的启示——以《铸剑》为中心的探讨

通过校辑鲁迅《故事新编》手稿,笔者发现在《故事新编》手稿与其他版本之间的改动与差异,是有一定规律可循的,这些改动与差异,是极"有意味的形式"。将这些文本中从字、词、句的增删修改到修辞手法的变异,与鲁迅的创作心境和文化心理结合在一起进行分析,可以更充分并切实地剖析《故事新编》纸面背后的动态的心理故事。而《故事新编》手稿中字、词、句的增删修改,一个突出的特点是表示时间与时态的词汇的改动,通过辨析这种改动,探测鲁迅的时间意识,以及其记忆"杂糅"结构中隐含的整体性,可约略窥见其创作心境与文化心理的某个侧面。简言之,即一种在"终末论"光照下,强调伦理的进化的、具有反讽的整体性的时间意识。

Pd single-atom monolithic catalyst: Functional 3D structure and unique chemical selectivity in hydrogenation reaction

Regulating the selectivity of catalysts in selective hydrogenation reactions at the atomic level is highly desirable but remains a grand challenge. Here we report a simple and practical strategy to synthesize a monolithic single-atom catalyst(SAC) with isolated Pd atoms supported on bulk nitrogen-doped carbon foams(Pd-SAs/CNF). Moreover, we demonstrate that the single-atom Pd sites with unique electronic structure endow Pd-SAs/CNF with an isolated site effect, leading to excellent activity and selectivity in 4-nitrophenylacetylene semi-hydrogenation reaction. In addition, benefiting from the great integrity and excellent mechanical strength, monolithic Pd-SAs/CNF catalyst is easy to separate from the reaction system for conducting the subsequent recycling. The cyclic test demonstrates the excellent reusability and stability of monolithic Pd-SAs/CNF catalyst.The discovery of isolated site effect provides a new approach to design highly selective catalysts. And the development of monolithic SACs provides new opportunities to advance the practical applications of single-atom catalysts.

THE GLOBAL STABILITY OF CONSTANT EQUILIBRIUM OF REACTION-DIFFUSION SYSTEMS——DIFFERENTIAL INEQUALITIES AND LIAPUNOV FUNCTIONAL

In this paper methods of differential inequalities and Liapunov functionals for proving the global stability of constant equilibria of reaction-diffusion systems are given, and examples for showing how to use these methods are also given.

Entire solutions for some reaction-diffusion systems

This paper is concerned with the existence of entire solutions of some reaction-diffusion systems. We first consider Belousov-Zhabotinskii reaction model. Then we study a general model. Using the comparing argument and sub-super-solutions method, we obtain the existence of entire solutions which behave as two wavefronts coming from the both sides of x-axis, where an entire solution is meant by a classical solution defined for all space and time variables. At last, we give some examples to explain our results for the general models.