多情景源排放参数反演下典型优化算法性能对比

确定排放源参数是合理处置突发大气污染事故的重要前提.不同事故(如泄漏、火灾)反演的参数(源强、位置等)存在差异,研究对比不同优化算法的估算性能对于实际事故中快速、准确估算源参数具有重要意义.基于草原SO2释放实验数据,开展了不同未知参数情景下典型最优化算法(遗传算法,GA;粒子群算法,PSO;粒子群-单纯形耦合算法,PSO-NM)在源参数反演中的对比研究,从反演结果的准确性、稳定性与反演时间效率等方面进行了评估.研究发现,优化算法在不同源排放参数数量下的反演性能存在明显差异.单参数源强反演情形下,GA、PSO-NM算法准确性相近(相对偏差,24.0%),均优于PSO算法(37.6%),三者均有较好的反演稳定性(变异系数<0.004);多参数反演(源强Q与位置x、y、z)情形下,PSO-NM算法反演准确性最好,GA最差,但稳定性表现与之相反;反演参数数量的增加明显影响算法反演稳定性,四维参数反演情形下PSO、GA、PSO-NM算法的源强反演变异系数比单参数反演分别高出0.50、0.12、0.29.PSO算法计算效率最高,同时,PSO-NM算法在稳定大气条件下计算时间明显增加.

中国近海蒸发波导反演中最佳雷达参数分析

利用雷达海杂波反演大气波导折射率(Refractivity From Clutter,RFC)的技术可以实现海洋低空对流层近实时、区域性、非均匀折射率的探测反演,但其反演性能受雷达参数和折射率区域时空统计特性以及地(海)面的影响,为了使RFC技术在中国海域蒸发波导反演中体现出较好的性能,使用粒子群优化算法和自适应目标函数,利用美国圣地亚哥空海作战系统中心高级折射效应预报系统提供的中国海域蒸发波导高度区域统计数据,依据考虑区域统计特性的均方根误差评判模型,研究了中国不同海域、不同月份,不同雷达频率天线高度组合情况下的蒸发波导RFC反演性能,分析得出适用于中国近海蒸发波导RFC反演的最佳雷达频率和天线架设高度范围,所得结果对我国周边海域监测以及海上无线电系统的设计与应用具有参考价值.

基于纳米压痕技术的Ti2AlNb焊接接头力学性能

焊接热过程产生的组织及相变会改变材料的力学性能,使接头不同微区之间产生力学性能不均匀性,对接头的破坏行为有重要影响。为获得Ti 2AlNb基合金电子束焊接头不同区域的力学性能,采用纳米压痕技术,通过对压头压入材料表面过程的有限元模拟,建立了压痕响应与焊接接头材料本构关系参数之间的无量纲函数,构建了一种逆向获得材料微区弹塑性本构关系的新方法。基于该方法反演获得了Ti 2AlNb电子束焊接头不同微区的本构关系参数及其分布,分析了组织变化对接头微区性能的影响及接头的弱化区间。

辽阳市干旱状况评估

以辽阳市7个地面观测站1987-2020年实测降水数据为基础,从时空尺度上科学评估PERSIANN-CDR的降水反演性能,从干旱事件的空间分布特征、覆盖面积、发生时间、发生强度和发生次数等方面,采用标准化降水指数评估卫星产品的干旱辨识性能。结果表明:PERSIANN-CDR卫星数据能够较好地估算和反演市域尺度的面雨量及其演变规律,对干旱识别、时空特征反演以及强度估算具有较好可行性和可靠度,但随干旱事件时间的增大则其辨识能力逐渐减小,该卫星数据对辽阳市干旱覆盖面积和强度的评估较为严峻。

Swarm intelligence optimization and its application in geophysical data inversion

The inversions of complex geophysical data always solve multi-parameter, nonlinear, and multimodal optimization problems. Searching for the optimal inversion solutions is similar to the social behavior observed in swarms such as birds and ants when searching for food. In this article, first the particle swarm optimization algorithm was described in detail, and ant colony algorithm improved. Then the methods were applied to three different kinds of geophysical inversion problems： （1） a linear problem which is sensitive to noise, （2） a synchronous inversion of linear and nonlinear problems, and （3） a nonlinear problem. The results validate their feasibility and efficiency. Compared with the conventional genetic algorithm and simulated annealing, they have the advantages of higher convergence speed and accuracy. Compared with the quasi-Newton method and Levenberg-Marquardt method, they work better with the ability to overcome the locally optimal solutions.

Evidence for nematic superconductivity of topological surface states in PbTaSe2

Spontaneous symmetry breaking has been a paradigm to describe the phase transitions in condensed matter physics.In addition to the continuous electromagnetic gauge symmetry,an unconventional superconductor can break discrete symmetries simultaneously,such as time reversal and lattice rotational symmetry.In this work we report a characteristic in-plane 2-fold behaviour of the resistive upper critical field and point-contact spectra on the superconducting semimetal PbTaSe2 with topological nodal-rings,despite its hexagonal lattice symmetry(or D3 h in bulk while C3 v on surface,to be precise).The 2-fold behaviour persists up to its surface upper critical field Hc2R even though bulk superconductivity has been suppressed at its bulk upper critical field Hc2HC<<Hc2R,signaling its probable surface-only electronic nematicity.In addition,we do not observe any lattice rotational symmetry breaking signal from field-angle-dependent specific heat within the resolution.It is worth noting that such surface-only electronic nematicity is in sharp contrast to the observation in the topological superconductor candidate,CuxBi2Se3,where the nematicity occurs in various bulk measurements.In combination with theory,superconducting nematicity is likely to emerge from the topological surface states of PbTaSe2,rather than the proximity effect.The issue of time reversal symmetry breaking is also addressed.Thus,our results on PbTaSe2 shed new light on possible routes to realize nematic superconductivity with nontrivial topology.