Toll-like receptors(TLRs) are a central component of innate immune system and play a major role as the initiator of the innate immune responses to defend against bacteria,viruses,parasite and other pathogens.During ma...Toll-like receptors(TLRs) are a central component of innate immune system and play a major role as the initiator of the innate immune responses to defend against bacteria,viruses,parasite and other pathogens.During malaria infection,TLRs signaling pathways are initialed with the recognition of Plasmodium glycosylphosphatidylinositols(GPI) and hemozoin as pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs).And then,activation of TLRs signaling induces specific biological responses against malaria parasites invasion.However,TLRs are also involved in malaria pathogenesis and enhancement of immune tolerance and evasion for malaria infection.Moreover,malaria parasites regulate selectively TLRs expression on immune cells.Thus,these evidences indicated that TLRs have contrary roles on malaria infection.Understanding the complicated roles of TLRs on malaria infection will contribute us to design more effective anti-malaria drugs or vaccines.展开更多
A recently developed time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering(tr-CARS) technique allows the measurement of vibrational coherences with high frequency differences with the ambient environment.The method is b...A recently developed time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering(tr-CARS) technique allows the measurement of vibrational coherences with high frequency differences with the ambient environment.The method is based on the short spatial extension of femtosecond pulses with a broadband tunable nonlinear optical parametric amplifier(NOPA) and an internal time delay between the probe and pump/Stokes pulse pair in the CARS process.The different beat frequencies between Raman modes can be selectively detected as oscillations in the tr-CARS transient signal with the broadband tunable NOPA.In this work,we aim at the Raman C-H stretching vibrations from 2800 cm 1 to 3000 cm 1,within which the different vibrational modes in both ethanol and methanol are selectively excited and simultaneously detected.The high time resolution of the experimental set-up allows one to monitor the vibrational coherence dynamics and to observe the quantum beat phenomena on a terahertz scale.This investigation indicates that the femtosecond tr-CARS technique is a powerful tool for the real-time monitoring and detection of molecular and biological agents,including airborne contaminants such as bacterial spores,viruses and their toxins.展开更多
文摘Toll-like receptors(TLRs) are a central component of innate immune system and play a major role as the initiator of the innate immune responses to defend against bacteria,viruses,parasite and other pathogens.During malaria infection,TLRs signaling pathways are initialed with the recognition of Plasmodium glycosylphosphatidylinositols(GPI) and hemozoin as pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs).And then,activation of TLRs signaling induces specific biological responses against malaria parasites invasion.However,TLRs are also involved in malaria pathogenesis and enhancement of immune tolerance and evasion for malaria infection.Moreover,malaria parasites regulate selectively TLRs expression on immune cells.Thus,these evidences indicated that TLRs have contrary roles on malaria infection.Understanding the complicated roles of TLRs on malaria infection will contribute us to design more effective anti-malaria drugs or vaccines.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60878018 and 61008023)the Program of Excellentat Harbin Institute of Technology
文摘A recently developed time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering(tr-CARS) technique allows the measurement of vibrational coherences with high frequency differences with the ambient environment.The method is based on the short spatial extension of femtosecond pulses with a broadband tunable nonlinear optical parametric amplifier(NOPA) and an internal time delay between the probe and pump/Stokes pulse pair in the CARS process.The different beat frequencies between Raman modes can be selectively detected as oscillations in the tr-CARS transient signal with the broadband tunable NOPA.In this work,we aim at the Raman C-H stretching vibrations from 2800 cm 1 to 3000 cm 1,within which the different vibrational modes in both ethanol and methanol are selectively excited and simultaneously detected.The high time resolution of the experimental set-up allows one to monitor the vibrational coherence dynamics and to observe the quantum beat phenomena on a terahertz scale.This investigation indicates that the femtosecond tr-CARS technique is a powerful tool for the real-time monitoring and detection of molecular and biological agents,including airborne contaminants such as bacterial spores,viruses and their toxins.
