可调式客车钢结构车顶反组焊胎的研制和应用

简要介绍了客车车顶钢结构反组焊胎一胎多用的必要性、可行性、设计原则、结构特声点、调整方法及使用效果等。

障碍空间中基于Voronoi图的组反k最近邻查询研究

为了解决已有研究成果无法有效处理障碍空间中的组反k最近邻查询问题,提出了障碍物环境中基于Voronoi图的OGRkNN查询方法,该方法获得的结果集是将一组查询点中任意一点作为障碍kNN的数据点集合,在实际应用中可以用来评估一组查询对象的影响力.依据障碍物集合是否发生变化提出了2种情况下的OGRkNN查询方法,一种是静态障碍物环境下的OGRkNN查询(简称STA_OGRkNN查询)方法,另一种是动态障碍物环境下的OGRkNN查询(简称DYN_OGRkNN查询)方法.其中STA_OGRkNN查询方法利用Voronoi图的邻接特性可以在剪枝阶段有效地过滤掉大量的非候选者,快速地缩小查询范围,提高整个算法的查询效率,在精炼阶段有效地提高了算法的准确性.进一步给出了3种情况下的DYN_OGRkNN查询方法,分别为障碍物动态增加情况下的OGRkNN查询算法、障碍物动态减少情况下的OGRkNN查询算法以及障碍物动态移动情况下的OGRkNN查询算法.理论研究和实验结果表明所提算法具有较高效率.

空间数据库中基于Voronoi图的组反k最近邻查询

为了改进现有的组反k最近邻查询算法的查询速度与准确度,提出了一种基于Voronoi图的组反k最近邻查询方法(group reverse k nearest neighbor guery method based on Voronoi diagram,V_GRk NN)。该方法获得的结果集是将这组查询点中任意一点作为kN N的数据点集合,在实际应用中可以用来评估一组查询对象的影响力。该方法的特点是首先对查询点集Q进行优化处理,降低查询点数量对查询效率的负面影响;接着对数据点集P进行约减,缩小查询搜索范围;然后根据基于Voronoi图的剪枝策略对候选集进行过滤;最后经过精炼获得GRk NN查询的结果集。该方法在数据集处理阶段很大程度上提高了查询速度,在过滤、精炼阶段利用Voronoi图的特性提高了查询的准确性。理论研究和实验表明,所提方法的效率明显优于可选的已有方法。

GRkNN:一种组反k近邻查询方法

针对传统查询方法在查询点有多个对象时,对每个查询点逐个执行查询导致运行时间较长的问题,提出一种组反k近邻查询(GRkNN)方法.该方法将多个查询点视为一个整体考虑,并采用剪枝和核实两阶段策略.实验表明,该方法能更有效地实现数据库更新操作,缩短了运行时间.

Microstructure,interfacial reaction behavior,and mechanical properties of Ti_3AlC_(2)reinforced Al6061 composites

The interfacial reaction behavior of Al and Ti_3AlC_(2)at different pouring temperatures and its effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated.The results show that the addition of3.0 wt.%Ti_3AlC_(2)refines the average grain size ofα(Al)in the composite by 50.1%compared to Al6061 alloy.Morphological analyses indicate that an in-situ Al_(3Ti)transition layer of-180 nm in thickness is generated around the edge of Ti_3AlC_(2)at 720℃,forming a well-bonded Al-Al_(3Ti)interface.At this processing temperature,the ultimate tensile strength of A16061-3.0 wt.%Ti_3AlC_(2)composite is 199.2 MPa,an improvement of 41.5%over the Al6061 matrix.Mechanism analyses further elucidate that 720℃is favourable for forming the nano-sized transition layer at the Ti_3AlC_(2)edges.And,the thermal mismatch strengthening plays a dominant role in this state,with a strengthening contribution of about 74.8%.

PTA工艺空气压缩机组国产化

工艺空气压缩机组是PTA装置的核心设备,是与专利商紧密配合的工艺设备,性能优劣直接影响到PTA主装置的开车与消耗指标。该机组一直由德国公司垄断供应,为保证中国昆仑工程公司专利工艺的顺利运行,联合国内优秀制造商开发这台机组成为必要,并在发改委立项为重大装备国产化项目。

Microstructure evolution of Al-Ti liquid-solid interface

Al-Ti diffusion couples were made by embedded technology and treated at the temperature between the melting points of Al and Ti. The microstructure evolution and growth mechanism of the Al-Ti DRZ were investigated. The result shows that the DRZ, the mixture of TiAl3 and Al, grows layer by layer along their chemical equilibrium zone. In the course, the growth interface moves toward the aluminum side. TiAl3 is the only new phase which forms earliest in the course of heat-treatment. The growth mechanism of the DRZ changes after the phase transition of titanium. Before the phase transition of titanium, the growth of the DRZ is controlled by the dissolution speed of the titanium to the molten aluminum, while after the phase transition of titanium, the growth is controlled by the chemical reaction speed of Al and Ti atoms, and consequently, its growth rate is greatly increased.

Contact reactive brazing of Al alloy/Cu/stainless steel joints and dissolution behaviors of interlayer

Contact reactive brazing of 6063 Al alloy and 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel was researched by using Cu as interlayer. Effect of brazing time on microstructure of the joints, as well as the dissolution behaviors of Cu interlayer was analyzed. The results show that the product of reaction zone near 1Cr18Ni9Ti is composed of Fe2Al5, FeAl3 intermetallic compound （IMC）, and Cu-Al IMC; the near by area is composed of Al-Cu eutectic structure with Al （Cu） solid solution. With increasing the brazing time, the thickness of IMC layer at the interface increases, while the width of Al-Cu eutectic structure with Al（Cu） solution decreases. Calculation shows the dissolution rate of Cu interlayer is very fast. The complete dissolution time is about 0.47 s for Cu interlayer with 10 μm in thickness used in this study.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31-Mg_2Si in situ composite fabricated by repetitive upsetting

AZ31-4.6% Mg2Si （mass fraction） composite was prepared by conventional casting method. Repetitive upsetting （RU） was applied to severely deforming the as-cast composite at 400 ℃ for 1, 3, and 5 passes. Finite element analysis of the material flow indicates that deformation concentrates in the bottom region of the sample after 1 pass, and much more uniform deformation is obtained after 5 passes. During multi-pass RU process, both dendritic and Chinese script type Mg2Si phases are broken up into smaller particles owing to the shear stress forced by the matrix. With the increasing number of RU passes, finer grain size and more homogeneous distribution of Mg2Si particles are obtained along with significant enhancement in both strength and ductility. AZ31-4.6%Mg2Si composite exhibits tensile strength of 284 MPa and elongation of 9.8%after 5 RU passes at 400 ℃ compared with the initial 128 MPa and 5.4%of original AZ31-4.6%Mg2Si composite.

基于控保协同的环形直流微网单端测距保护技术

目前,直流微网的保护方案大都依赖于线路两端直流断路器的快速开断能力与通信设备的可靠性,然而现阶段直流断路器成本高昂,且线路两端通信将会大大增加直流微网的建设运行成本。基于以上背景,文中以四端环形直流微网系统为研究对象,提出了一种基于控保协同的单端测距式保护技术。该方法分为故障控制与保护实施2个阶段。在故障控制阶段,通过改变电压源型换流器(VSC)自身以及外加可控元件的主动控制策略,使直流线路故障电流为零;在保护实施阶段,基于采用主动控制后VSC直流侧输出电压的周期性(20 ms)与电力电子元件的可控性,构建VSC与故障点的唯一回路,然后基于传统RL算法即可实现单端无差故障定位,接下来会出现线路电流持续过零,在此基础上,通过快速隔离开关实现故障隔离。该方法基于控保协同思想,消除了环网系统单端故障测距中对端电流的干扰,且线路两端无需配置直流断路器,仅利用快速隔离开关与故障控制策略进行时序逻辑上的相互配合即可实现故障隔离。最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC仿真平台上搭建四端环形直流微网系统模型,验证了该控制和保护方案的有效性。

New criterion for delay-dependent absolute stability of Lurie system with interval time-varying delay

The delay-dependent absolute stability for a class of Lurie systems with interval time-varying delay is studied. By employing an augmented Lyapunov functional and combining a free-weighting matrix approach and the reciprocal convex technique, an improved stability condition is derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities （LMIs）. By retaining some useful terms that are usually ignored in the derivative of the Lyapunov function, the proposed sufficient condition depends not only on the lower and upper bounds of both the delay and its derivative, but it also depends on their differences, which has wider application fields than those of present results. Moreover, a new type of equality expression is developed to handle the sector bounds of the nonlinear function, which achieves fewer LMIs in the derived condition, compared with those based on the convex representation. Therefore, the proposed method is less conservative than the existing ones. Simulation examples are given to demonstrate the validity of the approach.

基于深度学习的门机抓斗检测方法

在港口门机抓斗装卸干散货的作业过程中,人眼观察无法精确判断抓斗所在位置,会带来工作效率低下及安全性等问题。为解决该问题首次提出了一种基于深度学习的门机抓斗检测方法。利用改进的深度卷积神经网络YOLOv3-tiny对抓斗数据集进行训练及测试,进而学习其内部特征表示。实验结果表明,基于深度学习的门机抓斗检测方法可实现门机抓斗检测速度每秒45帧,召回率高达95.78%,在很好满足检测实时性与准确性的同时,提高了工业现场作业的安全性及效率。

Influence of freezing rate on microstructure and electrochemical properties of Mg-2%Ga alloys

Equilibrium freezing curve of Mg-2%Ga （mass fraction） alloy was calculated by CALPHALD method. Microstructures of the melted Mg-2%Ga alloys solidified by iron and copper moulds, respectively, were investigated using OM and SEM. Electrochemical properties of the Mg-2%Ga alloys with different freezing rates were measured by galvanostatic, potentiodynamic and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests. The results show that solidification by copper mould leads to intergranular MgsGa2 compounds with small size and large number density. Less adsorbent of Mg^＋ and oxide corrosion products occur on the surface of the Mg-2%Ga alloys solidified by copper mould, producing lower corrosion current density of 1.8×10^-5 mA/cm^2. In the galvanostatic tests with 100 mA/cm^2 current density, more negative stable potential of-1.604 V exists in the Mg-2%Ga alloys solidified by iron mould due to the lower freezing rate, which leads to smaller inductive and capacity time constants as well as shorter activity time and better electrochemical activity.

Construction of Recombinant Retroviral Vector Containing HIV-1 Tat Gene and Functional Detection of Expressed Tat in Target Cells

Objective: To construct recombinant retroviral vector containing HIV-1 Tatgene and evaluate the junction of the expressed Tat in target cells. Methods: HIV-1 Tat_(101) genewas recovered from pEV plasmid by Hind Ⅲ digestion and cloned into expression plasmid LZESpBMN-Z toconstruct recombinant retroviral expression plasmid named LZRS-Tat_(101). Using the method ofcalcium phosphate, the construct of LZRS-Tat_(101) was then transfected into packaging cell linesPhoenix (ΦNX) which contained env and gal genes encoding structural proteins and pol gene codingfor 3 enzymes ( reverse transcriptase, protease and integrate) essential for retroviral integrationand replication . The stable transfected cell lines was obtained using puromycin to screen for morethan 3 days. Then, immunohistochemical (IHC ) staining was carried out to detect the expressionlevel of Tat_(101) protein in both transiently and stably trancfected ΦNX, respectively. Thesupematants containing recombinant virus collected from transient and stable transfected cells wereemployed to infect 293 cells, respectively, and the expressed Tat in 293 cells was tested by Westernblot. Meantime, the supematants of infected 293 cells was further added to HL3T1 cells which wereHela cell lines containing an HIV-1-LTR/CAT reporter construct to establish a co-culture system.After co-culture for 72 hours, the protein was extracted from HL3T1 cells and used for CAT activityassay. Results: After LZRS- Tat_(101) was transfected into ΦNX, the amount of expressed Tat intransient transfection cells was significantly higher than that in stable transfection cells; Tatcould be detected not only in 293 cells but also in the supematants from 293 cells culture, and Tatin the supematants could activate HIV-1 LTR promoter in HL3T1, resulting in high 'expression of CATlocated at the downstream of LTR. Conclusion: The construct of recombinant retrovirus LZRS-Tat_(101) could express Tat protein in target cells and the expressed Tat was functionally activeand can really exhibit the ability to activate transcription.

Anatomy, Histochemistry and Phytochemistry of Leaves in Aloe vera var. chinensis

A multidisciplinary approach-anatomy, histochemistry and phytochemistry-was used to investigate the leaf structure, the content and the storage location of barbaloin in the leaves of Aloe vera L. var. chinensis (Haw.) Berg. Xeromorphic characteristics including secondary thickened epidermal cell walls, thicker cuticle, ambiguous differentiation of spongy and palisade tissues in the chlorenchyma, and well-developed aquiferous tissue could be seen in the leaves. Several large parenchymatous cells were observed at the phloem pole of the first ring of vascular bundles. The secondary ring of vascular bundles in the leaf base and the stomata, which are surrounded by five cells, have some classification significance in this species. The density of vascular bundles, the content of barbaloin and the intensity of histochemical reaction differed among leaf numbers Ll (annual leaf), L2 (biennial leaf), L3 (triennial leaf) and L4 (quadrennial leaf), and in different parts of the leaf. These three factors were highest in the youngest leaf, Ll, and top parts of all the leaves and lowest in the basal parts and the oldest leaf, L4. The density of vascular bundles had a positive correlation to the content of barbaloin. The histochemical results revealed that the small sheath cells that surrounded the bundles might be the location of barbaloin synthesis and the large parenchymatous cells beneath the sheath might be the storage places of this metabolite.

冰冰其人

去年底,天津市图书资料职称评定统考中,其大专班《目录学概论》单科第十一道填空题的标准答案是:‘“五四”以后,我国出现工宣传马列主义的推荐书目,如一九二四年冰冰所编的《一个马克思学说的书目》。’关于‘书目’的内容,在北大、武大二校图书馆学系合编的《目录学概论》教材(初稿本)中,已有详细介绍。但关于‘书目’编者冰冰的情况,人们或许鲜为知道。 冰冰的本名叫袁玉冰。他是我国早期的一位无产阶级革命战士。原籍江西省兴国县。一八九九年生。十五岁时上小学读书。十八岁毕业。旋即考入江西省立南昌第二中学。在此期间,他组织同学罢课,抵制日货,领导宣传队上街宣传,积极投入了反帝反封建的洪流。

A Method for Rapid Salt-extraction of High-quality Genomic DNA from Plant Seeds

[Objective] This study aimed to explore an effective method for rapid salt- extraction of high-quality genomic DNA from dried seeds of plants. [Method] Seeds of seven varieties of crops were ground into powder. A hundred milligrams of seed powder was added to extracting solution for high salt-extraction of genomic DNA. The yield and quality of extracted DNA were determined by using ultramicro UV/Vis spectrophotometer detection method, PCR and restriction enzyme digestion. [Result] About 619.67-1 811.21 ng of genomic DNA was extracted from per 100 mg of dried seed powder of seven varieties of conventional crops. A260/A280 ratios of the obtained DNA solution all ranged from 1.87 to 2.07, the purity and quality of PCR were suitable for PCR and restriction enzyme digestion. Clear target bands of specific endogenous gene fragments of seven varieties of crops were amplified by PCR, and the obtained DNA could be fully digested with EcoRV and Hindlll.[Conclusion] This method could be used for rapid extraction of high-quality genomic DNA from dried seeds.

Chloroplast Genetic Engineering in Higher Plants

Chloroplast genetic engineering, with several advantages over nuclear genetic engineering, is now regarded as an attractive new technology in basic and applied research, including deepening our understanding of plastid genome, engineering plant metabolic system, generating transplastomic plants with higher resistance to insect, disease, drought and herbicide and bioproducing of antibodies and vaccines. In this review, the principle and operating system for chloroplast genetic engineering and its application in higher plants have been discussed.

Preparation and microstructure of in-situ(ZrB_2+Al_2O_3+Al_3Zr)_p/A356 composite synthesized by melt direct reaction

（ZrB2＋Al2O3＋Al3Zr）/A356 composites were synthesized by melt direct reaction from A356-（K2ZrF6＋KBF4＋Na2B4O7） system.The phase compositions and the microstructures of the as-prepared composites were investigated by XRD,SEM and TEM.The results show that the reinforcements are composed of ZrB2 and Al2O3 ceramic phase particles and Al3Zr intermetallic particles.The ZrB2 particulates are easy to join together to form some particle clusters and distribute along the α（Al） grain boundary.The morphologies of the ZrB2 particulates are in hexagon-shape with the size of about 50 nm.The TEM investigation results of Al3Zr indicate that Al3Zr grows in the form of facet with the length-diameter ratio of about 20.The morphologies of Al2O3 particles are in rectangular-shape and ellipsoidal-shape,with the size of about 0.1 μm.In addition,the interfaces of the matrix and particles are net and no interfacial outgrowth is observed.