目的:探讨T23D SPACE序列在腰骶丛神经根中的应用及其参数优化。方法:前瞻性招募并收集46名正常志愿者的临床与影像资料,所有志愿者均行常规T23D SPACE(方法A)、优化后T23D SPACE(方法B)磁共振扫描,并比较2种方法的扫描时间,第4~5腰神...目的:探讨T23D SPACE序列在腰骶丛神经根中的应用及其参数优化。方法:前瞻性招募并收集46名正常志愿者的临床与影像资料,所有志愿者均行常规T23D SPACE(方法A)、优化后T23D SPACE(方法B)磁共振扫描,并比较2种方法的扫描时间,第4~5腰神经、第1~4骶神经、坐骨神经的神经显示情况,第5腰神经根节中、节前、节后的信噪比(SNR)、对比度噪声比(CNR)_(神经-肌肉)、对比度(CR)_(神经-肌肉值)。优化后T23D SPACE序列(方法B)主要优化了TR、TE、加速因子(回波链)、脂肪抑制方式、血液抑制方式、层厚等参数。结果:(1)方法A扫描时间为356 s,方法B扫描时间为229 s。(2)在神经显示评分比较中,第4、5腰神经,第1~4骶神经和坐骨神经的显示评分在2种方法之间差异无统计学意义。(3)第5腰神经根的节中SNR值(286.842±75.822 vs 376.784±111.880)、CNR_(神经-肌肉值)(389.199±106.824 vs 522.683±159.883)、CR_(神经-肌肉值)(0.798±0.037 vs 0.830±0.038)在2种方法间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(4)第5腰神经根的节前SNR值(198.758±52.966 vs 260.378±79.631)、CNR_(神经-肌肉值)(254.720±74.904 vs344.948±112.041)、CR_(神经-肌肉值)(0.718±0.070 vs 0.762±0.056)在2种方法间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(5)第5腰神经根的节后SNR值(161.400±46.883 vs 206.849±59.706)、CNR_(神经-肌肉值)(197.684±63.776 vs 263.240±80.910)、CR_(神经-肌肉值)(0.663±0.068 vs 0.711±0.058)在2种方法间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:常规T23D SPACE序列与优化后的序列均可以显示腰骶神经,优化后扫描更快,神经显示中第5腰神经根的信噪比、对比度均比常规T23D SPACE序列高。展开更多
The oxidative dehydrogenation （ODH） reactions of ethane and propane were investigated in a catalytic membrane reactor, incorporating oxygen-permeable membranes based upon La2Ni0.9V0.1O4＋δor Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-...The oxidative dehydrogenation （ODH） reactions of ethane and propane were investigated in a catalytic membrane reactor, incorporating oxygen-permeable membranes based upon La2Ni0.9V0.1O4＋δor Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ. As a compromise between the occurrence of a measureable oxygen flux and excessive homogenous gas phase reactions, the measurements were conducted at an intermediate temperature, either at 550 or 650 oC. The results show the dominating role of the oxygen flux across the membrane and available sites at the membrane surface in primary activation of the alkane and, hence, in achieving high alkane conversions. The experimental data of ODH of propane and ethane on both membrane materials can be reconciled on the basis of Mars-van Krevelen mechanism, in which the alkane reacts with lattice oxygen on the membrane surface to produce the corresponding olefin. It is further demonstrated that the oxygen concentration in the gas phase and on the membrane surface is crucial for determining the olefin selectivity.展开更多
文摘目的:探讨T23D SPACE序列在腰骶丛神经根中的应用及其参数优化。方法:前瞻性招募并收集46名正常志愿者的临床与影像资料,所有志愿者均行常规T23D SPACE(方法A)、优化后T23D SPACE(方法B)磁共振扫描,并比较2种方法的扫描时间,第4~5腰神经、第1~4骶神经、坐骨神经的神经显示情况,第5腰神经根节中、节前、节后的信噪比(SNR)、对比度噪声比(CNR)_(神经-肌肉)、对比度(CR)_(神经-肌肉值)。优化后T23D SPACE序列(方法B)主要优化了TR、TE、加速因子(回波链)、脂肪抑制方式、血液抑制方式、层厚等参数。结果:(1)方法A扫描时间为356 s,方法B扫描时间为229 s。(2)在神经显示评分比较中,第4、5腰神经,第1~4骶神经和坐骨神经的显示评分在2种方法之间差异无统计学意义。(3)第5腰神经根的节中SNR值(286.842±75.822 vs 376.784±111.880)、CNR_(神经-肌肉值)(389.199±106.824 vs 522.683±159.883)、CR_(神经-肌肉值)(0.798±0.037 vs 0.830±0.038)在2种方法间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(4)第5腰神经根的节前SNR值(198.758±52.966 vs 260.378±79.631)、CNR_(神经-肌肉值)(254.720±74.904 vs344.948±112.041)、CR_(神经-肌肉值)(0.718±0.070 vs 0.762±0.056)在2种方法间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(5)第5腰神经根的节后SNR值(161.400±46.883 vs 206.849±59.706)、CNR_(神经-肌肉值)(197.684±63.776 vs 263.240±80.910)、CR_(神经-肌肉值)(0.663±0.068 vs 0.711±0.058)在2种方法间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:常规T23D SPACE序列与优化后的序列均可以显示腰骶神经,优化后扫描更快,神经显示中第5腰神经根的信噪比、对比度均比常规T23D SPACE序列高。
文摘The oxidative dehydrogenation （ODH） reactions of ethane and propane were investigated in a catalytic membrane reactor, incorporating oxygen-permeable membranes based upon La2Ni0.9V0.1O4＋δor Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ. As a compromise between the occurrence of a measureable oxygen flux and excessive homogenous gas phase reactions, the measurements were conducted at an intermediate temperature, either at 550 or 650 oC. The results show the dominating role of the oxygen flux across the membrane and available sites at the membrane surface in primary activation of the alkane and, hence, in achieving high alkane conversions. The experimental data of ODH of propane and ethane on both membrane materials can be reconciled on the basis of Mars-van Krevelen mechanism, in which the alkane reacts with lattice oxygen on the membrane surface to produce the corresponding olefin. It is further demonstrated that the oxygen concentration in the gas phase and on the membrane surface is crucial for determining the olefin selectivity.
