金乡汉墓“诸敢发我丘者令绝毋户后”刻石考议

山东济宁金乡汉墓出土刻石有涉及盗墓行为的文字。有学者解读为对"发""丘"者的诅咒。刻石文字作为重要的社会史信息,反映了当时盗墓行为的普遍。而其中所见"孝思贞廉,率众为善"等,则是正面的道德宣传,与"发""丘"形成颇为特殊的关系。金乡汉墓石刻所透露有关盗墓与反盗墓及其他文化现象,可以从一个特殊的侧面体现汉代社会文化多层次多色彩的复杂风貌。

曹操设立发丘中郎将、摸金校尉探究

陈琳在《檄豫州》中首提曹操设发丘中郎将、摸金校尉二职,此后历代史家对此事的看法莫衷一是。笔者从《檄豫州》的内容及陈琳性格、汉魏之时厚葬之风与盗墓之习及曹操个人的言行等几个方面进行探究,认为曹操设置发、摸二职的可能性极大。

EFFECTS OF ACUPUNCTURE ON THE HYPOTHALAMUS-PITUITARY-OVARY AXIS IN RATS WITH DYSMENORRHEA

Objective To observe the influence of acupuncture on hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis （HPOA） in rats with primary dysmenorrhea, and to explore its mechanisms. Methods Effects of acupuncture on the concentration level of β-endorphin （β-EP）, hypothalamic hormone （gonadotropin-releasing hormone, GnRH）, pituitary hormone （GnRH receptor GnRH-R, follicle stimulating hormone FSH, luteinizing hormone LH） and ovarian hormone （estrodiol E2, estrodiol receptor ER, progesterone P and progesterone receptor PR） were observed in dysmenorrheic rats. Results After receiving acupuncture treatment, the levels of 13- EP, GnRH, GnRH-R, FSH, LH, E2, ER, P and PR were changed, and this suggested that acupuncture had a regulative action on HPOA in dysmenorrheic rats. Conclusion The mechanism of acupuncture acting on the HPOA with primary dysmenorrhea might be its regulating role to the gonadal hormone of HPOA and its corresponding receptor expression.

Study of Estrus Cow Serum （ECS） in Maturation Media on in vitro Maturation Rate of Bovine Oocytes

The objective of this research was to study the effect of ECS on cumulus expansion and rate of nucleus maturation of bovine oocytes. Media maturation were used： （1） TCM 199 ＋ FCS 10%; （2） TCM 199 ＋ FCS 10% ＋ ECS 5%; （3） TCM 199 ＋ FCS 10% ＋ ECS 7, 5%; （4） TCM 199 ＋ FCS 10% ＋ ECS 10%; （5） TCM 199 ＋ ECS 10%. Supplementation of ECS had significantly difference （P 〈 0.05） on expansion of cumulus cells and rate of nucleus maturation. Supplementation of ECS 5% was the best result in expanded cumulus cells and metaphase II rate： 82% and 72% respectively. It was concluded that medium of TCM 199 ＋ FCS 10%o ＋ ECS 5% was the best maturation medium

Tourism resource assessment and spatial analysis of wine tourism development： a case study of the eastern foothills of China＇s Helan Mountains

The reasonable development and utilization of mountainous regions closely relates to local economic development and ecological security. The wine production region in the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountains in Ningxia, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, with its excellent terroir, is emerging as one of China's three major geographical attractions. Based on surveys of tourism resources and spatial analysis for this wine producing region, we propose a highly representative and practicable path for wine tourism development. Based on China's national standard in Classification, Investigation and Evaluation of Tourism Resources(GB/T 18972-2003), which recommended the types and grades of tourism resources in one area, we conduct an analysis of resource characteristics and the current state of development. Using Arc GIS software, spatialautocorrelation analysis, average nearest neighbor analysis, as well as clustering and outlier analysis, we are able to derive the spatial distribution characteristics of tourism resources. Our survey showed that tourism resources in this area are relatively abundant and have good quality and clear combination advantages. Nonetheless, there are resources shortage for wine tourism and poor integration of wine production with the tourism industry. Regarding the spatial distribution of resources, we revealed the current states of and issues surrounding regions with concentrated resources, as well as characteristics of this clustering. Finally, we proposed a development path for wine tourism in this region based on the five dimensions of management mode, industrial path, product development, spatial optimization, and market development.

Inspirations from the Charter of Machu Picchu

Through studies of the practical reasons for the Charter of Machu Picchu, this paper interprets the core ideas of the Charter, analyzes its historical limitations and proposes several suggestions for current urban and rural planning.

Soil Fertility Self-development Under Ecological Restoration in the Zhuxi Watershed in the Red Soil Hilly Region of China

Current methods that utilize simple data or models to judge whether soil fertility can selfdevelop are not sufficiently rigorous. A new framework has been set up using catastrophe theory, laboratory experiment, field work, and 3S(Geographic information system, Global positioning system, and Remote sensing) to explore soil fertility catastrophe under ecological restoration, discriminate whether soil fertility can self-develop, and propose adjustment of ecological restoration measures in the Zhuxi watershed of Changting County, Fujian Province, China, which is a typical representative of the red soil hilly region of China. The results show that: 1) the soil fertility is obviously improved through the four ecological restoration measures, which impels soil fertility catastrophe. Among 89 soil samples, catastrophic soil samples and stable soil samples account for 26(29.21%) and 63(70.79%) of the samples, respectively. The four ecological restoration measures are listed in the order lowquality forest improvement > arbor–bush–herb mixed plantation > orchard improvement > closing measures according to the proportions of catastrophic soil samples. A typical soil sample in Bashilihe that can self-develop is selected as the criterion to judge the upper lobe and lower lobe of soil fertility in the process surface of the Cusp catastrophe model. Twenty-six(29.21%) were in the middle lobe, 10(11.24%) were in the upper lobe, and 53(70.79%) were in the lower lobe. The catastrophic direction of 26 catastrophic soil samples is to the upper lobe according to soil and water loss change as well as fieldwork. There is a significant positive correlation of Δ with soil and water loss change, and the lower soil and water loss relates to higher catastrophic probability. 2) Soil fertility self-development could be regionalized as "Soil fertility can self-develop" whose area was 12.74 km2(28.33%) distributed mainly in the leftmost and rightmost parts, "Soil fertility tends to self-develop" whose area was 11.63 km2(25.89%) distributed mainly in the middle part, and "Soil fertility cannot self-develop" whose area was 20.58 km2(45.78%) distributed mainly between the above two types. 3) There is no need to take ecological restoration measures and excessive human interference should be avoided in the future in regions of "Soil fertility can self-develop" and "Soil fertility tends to self-develop," and ecological restoration measures should be taken in region of "Soil fertility cannot self-develop." 4) We suggest withdrawal and implementation of ecological restoration measures should be incorporated into the evaluation criteria of ecological restoration to avoid misuse of funds.

Effect of calcium and light on the germination of Urochondra setulosa under different salts

Urochondra setulosa （Trin.） C.E. Hubbard is a coastal halophytic grass thriving on the coastal dunes along the Pakistani seashore. This grass could be useful in coastal sand dune stabilization using seawater irrigation. The purpose of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that Ca^2＋ （0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 50.0 mmol/L） alleviates the adverse effects of KC1, MgSO4, NaC1 and Na2SO4 at 0, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mmol/L on the germination of Urochondra setulosa. Seed germination was inhibited with increase in salt concentration with few seeds germinated at and above 400 mmol/L concentration. No seed germinated in any of the KC1 treatments. Inclusion of CaC12 substantially alleviated the inhibitory effects of all salts. Germination was higher under photoperiod in comparison to those seeds germinated under complete darkness. Among the CaC12 concentrations used, 10 mmol/L was most effective in alleviating salinity effects and allowing few seeds to germinate at 1000 mmol/L KC1, MgSO4, NaC1 and Na2SO4 solution.

柿广翅蜡蝉生物学特性及防治初报

柿广翅蜡蝉近十年来已成为湖北省主要果树害虫，寄主范围与为害程度有逐年扩大的趋势。成、若虫均吸汁为害多种果树；一年二代，以卵在寄主的枝条皮下越冬。在1～3龄若虫期用药剂防治，能有效控制柿广翅蜡蝉。

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGES OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY AREA IN IDIOPATHIC GROWTH DEFICIENCY

In order to describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in hypothalamic-pituitary area and its clinical relevance in patients with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (IGHD), the MR imagings of 26 patients with IGHD were analyzed. On MRI, 24 out of 26 cases (92. 3%) showed apparent pituitary upper margin depression; 8 out of 26 cases (30. 8%) showed definite pituitary stalk transection; 22 out of 26 cases (84. 6%) showed absence of the normal posterior pituitary bright spot. The bright lipidlike signal on T1W1 images at the median eminence distal to the breaking point (so-called ectopic posterior lobe) was found in 4 out of 26 cases (15. 4%). According to the MRI findings of the pituitary stalks, the 26 cases were divided into three groups; group A of 8 cases (31%) characterized by the definite transaction of stalk; group B of 13 cases (50%) defined by the possible stalk transection; and group C of 5 cases (19%) with no definite stalk transection.MRI findings were consistent with the clinical and endocrine tests. The stalk transection was statistically significantly difference in insulin test, L-dopa/p test, and height standard deviation score (P< 0.05). The MRI of hypothalamic-pituitary area may differentiate partial IGHD form stalk-transected, doubtful transection and without transection.

The cAMP-mediated protein kinase signal transduction pathway is involved in the pyrogenic effect of CRH in rats

To determine whether the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) mediated protein kinase signal transduction pathway is involved in the pyrogenic action of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) in rats.Methods Corticotropin releasing hormone, 2', 3 '-dideoxyadenosine (DDA) and adenosine-3', 5'(cyclic) monophosphorothionate, Rp-lsomer (Rp-cAMPS), were administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.). The colonic temperature was measured using a thermistor, and the content of cAMP in the hypothalamus was determined by radioimmunoassay. Hypethalemic incubation was used to assess the effects of CRH on the content of cAMP in the hypothalamus in vitro.Results Microinjection (i.c.v.) of CRH (2.5 μg, 5.0 μg and 10 μg) caused increases in colonic temperature and the hypothalemus cAMP level in conscious rats. CRH increased hypothalemus cAMP level in vitro. The pyrogenic effects of CRH were abolished or markedly inhibited by prior injection (i. c. v. ) of an adenylate cyclase inhibitor, DDA (30 μg), or an inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, Rp-cAMPS (15 μg).Conclusion cAMP mediates the pyrogenic action of centrally administered of CRH in rats, and protein kinase A may play an important role in the central CRH-induced fever. The cAMP-dependent protein kinase signal transduction pathway may be involved in the central mechanisms of the pyrogenic action of CRH in rats.

Clinical Study on Acupuncture Treating Thalamic Pain

Objective： To evaluate the clinical effect of acupuncture in managing thalamic pain syndrome. Methods： Eighty patients with thalamic pain syndrome were randomly allocated into two groups, with 40 cases in the treatment group receiving combined scalp and body acupuncture treatment and 40 cases in the control group receiving single body acupuncture treatment. The intervention was given for 28 d in total, and the effects were evaluated after 14-day and 28-day treatments. Results： The inner-group comparison of McGill Pain Questionnaire （MPQ） showed significant differences after the treatment d 14 in both of the two groups （P〈0.05）, and after the treatment d 28, the differences were even more significant （P〈0.01）. After 28-day treatment, compared with pre-treatment, the Transcranial Doppler （TCD） test detected significant changes in the two groups （P〈0.05）. The total effective rate was 72.5% in the treatment group versus 47.5% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）. The 3-month follow-up study found the relapse rate was 0 in the treatment group and 15.8% in the control group, and the difference was significant （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Acupuncture is effective in treating thalamic pain syndrome and combined scalp and body acupuncture can achieve even better results.

Reliability and validity of dermatology life quality index: assessment of quality of life in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients with pruritic papular eruption

OBJECTIVE: To test the reliability and validity of dermatology life quality index(DLQI) in simplified Chinese language by assessing the quality of life(QoL) in HIV(human immunodeficiency virus)/AIDS(Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) patients with pruritic papular eruption(PPE). METHODS: A study of simplified-Chinese-versiond from10 questions with the principal component analysis and the contribution rate of the 3 common factors was 59.95%. CONCLUSION: The simplified-Chinese-version DIQL is an acceptable and valid scale for HIV/AIDS patients with PPE. It can be used to evaluate the QoL of HIV/AIDS patients with PPE in China.