发光等离子体对6GHz高功率微波的防护性能研究

为研究发光等离子体对高功率微波的防护性能,建立了一维条件下等离子体与高功率微波相互作用的物理模型,并采用数值仿真得到了不同条件下的微波透射效果,分析了发光等离子体对高功率微波的防护性能。随后,实验研究了双层柱状等离子体阵列对6 GHz高功率微波脉冲的透射效果,实验结果与仿真结果相符,说明高功率微波的入射使等离子体产生了非线性效应。实验结果还表明,TE极化时的防护效果要优于TM极化时的防护效果;等离子体击穿场强阈值随电场作用空间的增大而减小;TE极化时等离子体对高功率微波脉冲的屏蔽效能最高可达13 d B,且随入射功率的增大而进一步增大。

实时全息用于强发光等离子体诊断的优势

为解决发光强、谱线宽、变化快等恶劣条件下进行现场显示实验的困难 ,基于作者的实验研究和理论分析 ,着重讨论了激光实时全息中的光强配合和全息光栅干涉滤波。指出除选频、检偏及空间滤波外 ,引入阶梯吸收板 ,适当调配物、参光的比例 ,尤其是干涉项的变通选用 ,可有效滤除干扰光、实时再现位相场分布、保证干涉图的质量 ,使实时全息仍可用于 Z- pinch(Z箍缩 )、DPF(稠密等离子体焦点 )等发光较强的高激发、高电离等离子体状态及迅变过程的诊断研究 ,且颇具优势。

气相色谱-双等离子体硫化学发光检测器分析天然气中硫化物

采用气相色谱-双等离子体硫化学发光检测器对天然气中的痕量硫化物进行了分析。用在线硫化物稀释装置对高浓度硫化物进行在线稀释,保证了低浓度硫化物配制的准确性,节省了购买标准样品的成本。稀释后的硫化物直接进入气相色谱仪进行分析。对方法的长期稳定性和短期稳定性进行了考察,结果表明,峰面积的RSD均小于5%,检出限达到10-9(v/v)水平。该方法适合于低浓度硫化物样品的分析检测。

常压等离子体对羊毛织物的吸湿快干处理

采用氦及氦与乙炔的混合气体,对羊毛织物进行了1～10min的常压发光等离子体处理.对气体种类、处理时间及后处理染色对羊毛织物吸湿快干性能产生的影响进行了研究.通过芯吸高度、润湿时间、干燥时间和接触角进行吸湿快干效果的评价.用扫描电子显微镜观察了织物表面的形态变化.氦及氦与乙炔的混合气体等离子体处理赋予了羊毛织物吸湿快干性能,经过短时间的处理获得了十分明显的吸湿快干效果.但经过6周的老化,羊毛织物的亲水性明显降低.通过对等离子处理的羊毛织物经活性染料染色,等离子体处理的羊毛织物的亲水性得到改善并且削弱了老化影响.

纳秒激光烧蚀固体靶产生的等离子体在外加横向磁场中膨胀时的温度和密度参数演化

利用等离子体光学波段自发光成像、光学光谱和光学探针干涉等诊断手段,观察了纳秒脉冲激光烧蚀固体靶产生的等离子体在外加横向磁场中的膨胀过程.根据实验参数特征建立了简化的磁流体物理模型,结合自发光强度的时间演化,理论计算了等离子体温度和密度参数的时间演化,理论计算结果与实验测量结果基本符合,证实了碰撞磁扩散过程在等离子体演化中发挥了关键作用.

电极结构对硅薄膜生长过程及材料特性的影响

在制备硅薄膜材料的PECVD系统中,分别采用普通平行板电极和网状电极,在相同的工艺条件下研究了电极结构对硅薄膜材料均匀性、电学性能以及微结构的影响.发现采用网状电极使薄膜(400～500nm)均匀性得到明显改善,在20cm×20cm内不均匀性从±12.6%下降到±2.1%.等离子体发光光谱的测试表明,网状电极可大大提高硅烷的利用率,因而在相同工艺条件下,生长微晶硅材料需要更高的功率密度.文中对实验结果进行了详细的讨论.

药用滑石粉酸中可溶物中杂质元素的分析及探讨

目的:通过能谱扫描电镜与ICP-AES的联合应用,考察滑石粉酸中可溶物项目控制的必要性与可行性。方法:通过扫描电子显微镜/X-射线能谱仪(SEM/EDS)对滑石粉酸中可溶物的主要金属元素构成进行分析,并采用电感耦合等离子体原子发光光谱法(ICP-AES)定量测定酸中可溶物中的钙、镁、铁等主要金属元素杂质。结果:扫描电子显微镜/X-射线能谱仪(SEM/EDS)发现滑石粉酸中可溶物普遍存在镁元素,但现行各国药典中均未对可能存在的酸溶性镁盐进行控制。增加ICP-AES测定法,对滑石粉酸中可溶的钙、镁、铁进行考察,并经方法学验证,方法可行。结论:(1)不同来源的滑石粉,酸中可溶物的金属元素含量构成比例有所不同,有必要对酸中可溶物进行控制;(2)ICP-AES可对滑石粉酸中可溶物的钙、镁、铁等主要金属元素杂质进行质量控制及评价。

ICP-AES法测定硅钢中铌的不确定度评定

分析了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定硅钢中铌的检测过程,讨论了该检测过程中不确定度的主要来源,建立了该方法的定量的数学模型,并根据这一模型计算出了检测结果的合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定度。

Plasmonic Field Enhancement for Vibration Spectroscopy at Metal/Water Interfaces

Electrochemical （EC） reactions play vital roles in many disciplines, and its molecular-level understanding is highly desired, in particular under reactions. The vibration spectroscopy is a powerful in situ technique for chemical analysis, yet its application to EC reactions is hindered by the strong attenuation of infrared （IR） light in both electrodes and electrolytes. Here we demonstrate that by incorporating appropriate sub-wavelength plasmonic structures at the metal electrode, the IR field at the EC interface can be greatly enhanced via the excitation of surface plasmon. This scheme facilitates in situ vibrational spectroscopic studies, especially using the surface-specific sum-frequency generation technique.

Spectroscopic Diagnostic of Spark Discharge Plasma at Atmospheric Pressure

The emission of CuInSe2-based spark discharge plasma at atmospheric pressure in air has been investigated by optical emission spectroscopy method. The plasma was formed by action of the high voltage pulse generator （with nanosecond pulse） on the corresponding electrodes （CulnSe2 compound）. The emission characteristics have been obtained for the spark discharge plasma at 3 mm interelectrode distance. It was established that the spark discharge plasma radiation was determined by decay products of the compound from which electrodes were made. The most suitable spectral lines for plasma diagnostics is atomic copper lines in the visible spectrum and atomic indium lines in UV （ultraviolet） and visible spectrum.

Construction of Inorganic Elemental Fingerprint and Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine Meretricis concha from Rushan Bay

Meretricis concha is a kind of marine traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), and has been commonly used for the treatment of asthma and scald burns. In order to investigate the relationship between the inorganic elemental fingerprint and the geographical origin identification of Meretricis concha, the elemental contents of M. concha from five sampling points in Rushan Bay have been determined by means of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES). Based on the contents of 14 inorganic elements(Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn), the inorganic elemental fingerprint which well reflects the elemental characteristics was constructed. All the data from the five sampling points were discriminated with accuracy through hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA) and principle component analysis(PCA), indicating that a four-factor model which could explain approximately 80% of the detection data was established, and the elements Al, As, Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb could be viewed as the characteristic elements. This investigation suggests that the inorganic elemental fingerprint combined with multivariate statistical analysis is a promising method for verifying the geographical origin of M. concha, and this strategy should be valuable for the authenticity discrimination of some marine TCM.

Inorganic Elemental Determinations of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine Meretricis concha from Jiaozhou Bay:The construction of Inorganic Elemental Fingerprint Based on Chemometric Analysis

The goal of this paper is to explore the relationship between the inorganic elemental fingerprint and the geographical origin identification ofMeretricis concha, which is a commonly used marine traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） for the treatment of asthma and scald bums. For that, the inorganic elemental contents ofMeretricis concha from five sampling points in Jiaozhou Bay have been determined by means of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, and the comparative investigations based on the contents of 14 inorganic elements （A1, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn） of the samples from Jiaozhou Bay and the previous reported Rushan Bay were performed. It has been found that the samples from the two bays are ap- proximately classified into two kinds using hierarchical cluster analysis, and a four-factor model based on principle component analysis could explain approximately 75% of the detection data, also linear discriminant analysis can be used to develop a prediction model to distinguish the samples from Jiaozhou Bay and Rushan Bay with accuracy of about 93%. The results of the present investi- gation suggested that the inorganic elemental fingerprint based on the combination of the measured elemental content and chemom- etric analysis is a promising approach for verifying the geographical origin ofMeretricis concha, and this strategy should be valuable for the authenticity discrimination of some marine TCM.

The Influence of Seafloor Hydrothermal Activity on Major and Trace Elements of the Sediments From the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Sediment samples obtained from the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge were analyzed for the major and trace elements by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results revealed that the contents of elements(e.g., Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, V, Co) were high in samples 22V-TVG10 and 26V-TVG05 from the sites near the hydrothermal areas, and low in sample 22V-TVG14, which was collected far from the hydrothermal areas. The contents of Ca, Sr and Ba in the samples showed opposite trends. A positive correlation between the concentrations of metallic elements(Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Pb, V) and Fe in the samples were observed. These results are consistent with chemical evolution of the dispersing hydrothermal plume.

Ghezeljeh nanoclay as a new natural adsorbent for the removal of copper and mercury ions: Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics studies

Heavy metal determination was carried out by applying the solid phase extraction （SPE） method in batch mode followed by atomic absorption spectroscopy （AAS） and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrosco py （ICP-AES） from aqueous solutions using Ghezeljeh montmorillonite nanoclay as a new natural adsorbent. The Ghezeljeh clay is characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared （FT-IR） Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Mi- croscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectrometry （SEM-EDS） and X-ray Diffractometry （XRD） and X-ray Fluorescence （XRF）. The results of XRD and FT-IR of nanoclay confirm that montmorillonite is the dominant mineral phase. Based on SEM images of Ghezeljeh clay, it can be seen that the distance between the plates is Nano. The effects of varying parameters such as initial concentration of metal ions, pH and type of buffer solutions, amount of ad- sorbent, contact time, and temperature on the adsorption process were examined. The effect of various interfer- ing ions was studied. The adsorption data correlated with Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin-Radushkevich （D-R）, and Temkin isotherms. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms showed the best fit to the equilibrium data for Hg（II）, but the equilibrium nature of Cu（ll） adsorption has been described by the Langmuir isotherm. The kinetic data were described with pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and double-exponential models, The adsorp- tion process follows a pseudo-second-order reaction scheme, Calculation of AGσ, △Hσ and ASσ showed that tilenature of Hg（II） ion sorption onto the Ghezeljeh nanoclay was endothermic and was favored at higher temper- attire, and the nature of Cu（II） ion sorption was exothermic and was favored at lower temperature,

Preparation and Characterization of High Purity Enriched 10B Boric Acid via Anti-Solvent Recrystallization

Self-made enriched IUB boric acid as raw material was purified by recrystallization. The effects of final crystallization temperature, crystallization time, stirring speed, crystallization frequency and other factors on the purity were investigated. The appropriate operating condition was that the final crystallization temperature and time were 5 ℃ and 10 h respectively under a low-speed stirring for crystallizing twice, which would make the purity and yield of boric acid reach 99.94% and 95.36%, respectively. Taking this as foundation, recrystallization process was optimized with acetone as anti-solvent, whose amount was the most important index. The boric acid solution was added into acetone and recrystallized under the same condition, and the purity and yield of boric acid would reach 99.98% and 99.61%, respectively. The product detected by XRD was confirmed as boric acid crystal. Main ion concentration in the product was detected by ICP, which basically met the national standard of high purity. Crystal morphology of boric acid was observed by SEM.

Distribution,fractionation,and contamination assessment of heavy metals in offshore surface sediments from western Xiamen Bay,China

Surface sediment samples were collected at 21 offshore sites in western Xiamen Bay, Southeast China. Total concentrations of Li, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, St, Mn, Pb, Ba, Fe, and Ti were determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry; Hg was determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. A modified BCR sequential extraction procedure was used to extract fractions of the above elements. Concentrations of Pb, Cr, and Hg at most sites met the primary standard criteria of Marine Sediment Quality except site S12 for Pb and S7 for Cr, while concentrations of Zn at 17 sites and Cu at seven sites exceeded the criteria. The mean concentration of Hg was three times higher than the background, with a possible source being the Jiulong River. Fe, Ti, Ba, Co, V, and Li dominated the residual phase, mainly from terrestrial input. Ni, Cr, Pb, and Hg in the non-residual phase varied largely between sites. Sr, Mn, Cu, and Zn were mainly in the non- residual fraction. Most sites showed considerable ecological risk; exceptions were site S7 （very high） and sites S10, S11, and S14 （moderate）. Cu showed moderate-to-high pollution and Pb exhibited no-to-low pollution, while other metals had a non-pollution status according to their ratios of secondary phase to primary phase （RSP）. Results of two assessment methods showed moderate pollution and a very high ecological risk for Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cr at site S7, which might be due to the local sewage treatment plant.

E-pH diagram of ZnS-H_2O system during high pressure leaching of zinc sulfide

The values of GΘ,EΘ or pH from 110 to 160℃ were calculated and the relevant potential expressions were obtained.E-pH diagrams of ZnS-H2O system at oxygen partial pressure of 0.8 MPa,ionic activity of 1.0 and different temperatures were drawn through thermodynamical calculation.With the temperature increasing,the stable regions of S and Zn(Ⅱ) in the E-pH diagrams become gradually larger,but the amplification decreases over 150℃.The impacts of leaching parameters,such as temperature,liquid to solid ratio,initial acidic concentration,leaching time,oxygen partial pressure and stirring speed on the leaching rate of Zn(Ⅱ) and conversion rate of S in the single factor of high pressure leaching experiment of ZnS in autoclave,were studied.The leaching residue was examined by X-ray fluorescence(XRF) chemical composition identification and X-ray diffraction(XRD) phase identification,and the content of the leaching solution was tested by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP).The experimental results indicate that the leaching rate of zinc increases from 60.05% to 97.85% and the conversion rate of sulfur increases from 38.90% to 80.92% with the temperature increasing from 110℃ to 150℃,5:1 of liquid-to-solid ratio,150 g/L of initial acidic concentration,120 min of leaching time,0.8 MPa of oxygen partial pressure,and 480 r/min of stirring speed,which tend to be stable over 150℃.The experimental results correspond with theoretical calculation.

Effect and mechanism of dolomite with different size fractions on hematite flotation using sodium oleate as collector

The effect of dolomite with different particle size fractions on hematite flotation was studied using sodium oleate as collector at p H of about 9. The effect mechanism of dolomite on hematite flotation was investigated by means of solution chemistry, ultraviolet spectrophotometry(UV), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). It is observed that dolomite with different size fractions has depressing effect on hematite flotation using sodium oleate as collector, and dolomite could be the "mineral depressant" of hematite using sodium oleate as collector. The reasons for that are concerned with sodium oleate consumption and the adsorption onto hematite of dissolved species of dolomite.

Enhancing Effect of Fe^(2+) on the Formaldehyde Production from Trimethylamine N-oxide Decomposition Catalyzed by the Extract of Harpadon nehereus Kidney

The effects of Fe2+ on the trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) demethylating activity of the Harpadon nehereus kidney extract were studied in this research.The activity of the kidney extract was presumably inhibited by ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA),which indicates that the kidney extract contains an enzyme or enzyme system with metal cations as activator.Activity of the kidney extract was enhanced significantly when Fe2+ was added into the model system in vitro.As the concentration of Fe2+ increased,the decomposing rate of TMAO increased rapidly until TMAO decomposed completely.The activity of the kidney extract was also enhanced by reductant such as ascorbic acid.Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) was employed to determine the content of total iron in a number of fishery products.Significant positive correlation between the contents of total iron and endogenous formaldehyde (FA) was found,especially in marine products.

Preparation and Characterization of Tungsten-substituted Molybdophosphoric Acids and Catalytic Cyclodehydration of 1,4-Butanediol to Tetrahydrofuran

A series of tungsten-substituted molybdophosphoric acids(H3PMo12-nWnO40·xH2O) were synthesized and characterized by inductive coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy(ICPAES),thermal gravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and FTIR pyridine adsorption.The as-prepared heteropoly acids have a Keggin type structure.The synthesis of tetrahydrofuran by reactive distillation and cyclodehydration of 1,4-butanediol was studied using the tungsten-substituted molybdophosphoric acids as catalysts.The results of catalytic test indicated that the catalytic activity increased with the increase in the substitution number(n) of tungsten atom in H3PMo12-nWnO40·xH2O and was constant as the substitution number(n) was more than 8.The catalytic activity increased with the increase in the catalyst loading and the selectivity of tetrahydrofuran was nearly 100%.