芥末糊发制的方法及其机理

芥末糊是芥末粉调制而成的调味佳品,日益深受国内外的欢迎。它的发制方法有“热水凉发法”和“凉水热发法”两种。用水调糊、适当加热、静止发制、适量加醋和使用新芥末是发制芥末糊五个基本条件。发制的机理是复杂的生物化学变化过程,是辛辣味的前体物质芥子苷在芥子酶催化下的水鲜反应。

An Interruptable Lock and Unlock Algorithm

Generally, Lock and Unlock statements are primitives that should be wholly imple- mented,i.e.,the test of lock state and the operation of locking must be executed continuously without being interrupted. Different from nmormal lock operations, the lock and Unlock algorithm Presented in this paper can be interrupted anywhere by other processes The value of the algorithm in the implementation of concurrent control and mutually-exclusive operations was elucidated with one application of the algorithm in a heterogeneous datedbase united system.

Concept on the pathogenesis and treatment of primary biliarycirrhosis

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease that predominantly affects women and is characterized by chronic, progressive destruction of small intrahepatic bile ducts with portal inflammation and ultimately fibrosis, leading to liver failure in the absence of treatment. Little is known about the etiology of PBC. PBC is characterized by anti-mitochondrial antibodies and destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts. The serologic hallmark of PBC is the presence of auto-antibodies to mitochondria, especially to the E2 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). Current theories on the pathogenesis of PBC favor the hypothesis that the disease develops as a result of an inappropriate immune response following stimulation by an environmental or infectious agent. Some reports suggest that xenobiotics and viral infections may induce PBC. The pathogenetic mechanism is believed to be caused by a defect in immunologic tolerance, resulting in the activation and expansion of self-antigen specific T and B lymphocyte clones and the production of circulating autoantibodies in addition to a myriad of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. This leads to ductulopenia and persistent cholestasis, by developing end-stage hepatic-cell failure. In this review are given our own and literary data about mechanisms of development of intrahepatic cholestasis and possible ways of its correction.

Novel therapeutic approaches for hepatocellulcar carcinoma: Fact and fiction

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common primary liver cancer and accounts for 80%-90% of this class of malignancy.So far,understanding of its pathogenesis and effective therapeutic methods are rather limited.In this issue,11 invited review articles are published to address current advance of underlying molecular mechanisms for the deve-lopment of HCC, and novel therapeutic approaches for HCC.This series of review articles provide an in-depth unders-tanding of HCC that has led to or may lead to the development of novel therapies for HCC.

Ciona intestinalis as an emerging model organism: its regeneration under controlled conditions and methodology for egg dechorionation

The ascidian Ciona intestinalis is a model organism of developmental and evolutionary biology and may provide orucial clues concerning two fundamental matters, namely, how chordates originated from the putative deuterostome ancestor and how advanced chordates originated from the simplest chordates. In this paper, a whole-life-span culture of C. intestinalis was conducted. Fed with the diet combination of dry Spirulina, egg yolk, Dicrateria sp., edible yeast and weaning diet for shrimp, C. intestinalis grew up to average 59 mm and matured after 60 d cultivation. This culture process could be repeated using the artificially cultured mature ascidians as material. When the fertilized eggs were maintained under 10, 15, 20, 25 ℃, they hatched within 30 h, 22 h, 16 h and 12 h 50 min respectively experiencing cleavage, blastulation, gastrulation, neurulation, tailbud stage and tadpole stage, The tadpole larvae were characterized as typical but simplified chordates because of their dorsal nerve cord, notochord and primordial brain. After 8-24 h freely swimming, the tadpole larvae settled on the substrates and metamorphosized within 1-2 d into filter feeding sessile juvenile ascidians. In addition, unfertilized eggs were successfully dechorionated in filtered seawater containing 1% Tripsin, 0.25% EDTA at pH of 10.5 within 40 min. After fertilization, the dechorionated eggs developed well and hatched at normal hatching rate. In conclusion, this paper presented feasible methodology for rearing the tadpole larvae of C. intestinalis into sexual maturity under controlled conditions and detailed observations on the embryogenesis of the laboratory cultured ascidians, which will facilitate developmental and genetic research using this model system.

Necroptosis in inflammatory bowel disease and other intestinal diseases

Guo-Qiang XuFor a long time, it was believed that apoptosis and necrosis were the main pathways for cell death, but a growing body of research has shown that there are other pathways. Among these, necroptosis, a regulatory caspase-independent, programmed cell death pathway, is supposed to be of importance in the pathogenesis of many diseases. The mechanism of regulating, in-ducing and blocking necroptosis is a complex process that involves expression and regulation of a series of molecules including receptor interacting protein kinase 1 （RIPK1）, RIPK3, and mixed lineage kinase like protein. By blocking or downregulating expression of key molecules in the necroptotic pathway, intestinal inflammation can be affected to some extent. In this paper, we introduce the concept of necroptosis, its main pathway, and its impact on the pathogenesis ofinfammatory bowel disease （IBD） and other intestinal diseases, to explore new drug targets for intestinal diseases, including IBD.

Fueling the engine and releasing the break: combinational therapy of cancer vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are increasingly drawing much attention in the therapeutic development for cancer treatment. However, many cancer patients do not respond to treatments with immune checkpoint inhibitors, partly because of the lack of tumor-infiltrating effector T cells. Cancer vaccines may prime patients for treatments with immune checkpoint inhibitors by inducing effector T-ceU infiltration into the tumors and immune checkpoint signals. The combination of cancer vaccine and an immune checkpoint inhibitor may function synergistically to induce more effective antitumor immune responses, and clinical trials to test the combination are currently ongoing.

Preparation of N, O-carboxymethyl Chitosan Composite Nanofiltration Membrane and Its Rejection Performance for the Fermentation Effluent from a Wine Factory

N, O-carboxymethyl chitosan （NOCC） composite nanofiltration （NF） membranes were prepared by coating and cross-linking. The fermentation effluent from a wine factory was treated with the resulting NOCC/polysulfone （PSF） composite NF membranes. The permeate flux and the removal efficiencies of the resulting NF membranes for the color, chemical oxygen demand （CODcr）, total organic carbon （TOC）, and conductivity of the fermentation effluent were investigated in relation to the driving pressure, the feed flow, and the operation time. The permeate flux and the removal efficiencies were found to increase with the increase of the driving pressure or the feed flow. At 0.40 MPa and ambient temperature the removal efficiencies were 95.5%, 70.7%, 72.6%, and 31.6% for color, CODcr, TOC, and conductivity, respectively. The membrane was found to be stable over a 10-h ooeration for the fermentation effluent treatment.

Dynamic Web services discovery based on similarity computation

A new approach for dynamic Web services discovery based on similarity computation in the treatment of massive Web information resource is put forward. Firstly, three kinds of service description information, textual, semantic and structural information, were modeled to compute the similarity of services. Then a novel dynamic Web services discovery mechanism was provided and the experiment on it was carried out. Results show that the new approach achieves considerable performance on precision and efficiency metrics for dynamic Web services discovery.

Diagrams Produced by Secondary Students in Multiplicative Comparison Word Problems

We investigated the use of diagrams in multiplicative comparison word problems. The diagrams have been considered as one of the effective heuristic strategies or solving math problems. However, how students use during their school and the degree development that shows in their performance when applied to specific fields of knowledge is a task to be elucidated. We place our study in the school stage in which it makes the transition from arithmetic to algebra and arithmetic problems we focus on in the underlying multiplicative comparison scheme. In this paper, we analyzed the responses of high school students to the translation of multiplicative comparison word problems to representation graphs. We have used the responses of 12 -14 year old students （freshman year of secondary school） to represent multiplicative comparison word problems to identify and categorize the students responses, which allowed us identify categories for each type of representation and hypothesize priority order and subordination between the categories. Results show that students are not familiar with building diagrams that integrate existing relations in word problems. Most of the students do not use all the quantitative information contained in the word problem, therefore draw diagrams referring to the subject or context of the problem without relating to the data in it. We describe in detail the quantitative diagram types produced by these students. We have identified four kinds of quantitative diagrams that the students used to represent the multiplicative comparison problems with inconsistent statements, and these diagrams correspond to the four strategies for tackling the construction of the diagram.

Research on the institutional design of the long-term care insurance in Shanghai

Shanghai went into the ranks of the aging society in 1979, as the first area which entered into the aging society in China. Along with the arrival of the ageing, the nursing problems of the old man and disabled elderly become the important factors which affect social development. The establishment of the legal system, System integration to realize resource optimal allocation, Division of multilevel optimization services provide new pattern can make it happen.

Preparation and Characterization of High Purity Enriched 10B Boric Acid via Anti-Solvent Recrystallization

Self-made enriched IUB boric acid as raw material was purified by recrystallization. The effects of final crystallization temperature, crystallization time, stirring speed, crystallization frequency and other factors on the purity were investigated. The appropriate operating condition was that the final crystallization temperature and time were 5 ℃ and 10 h respectively under a low-speed stirring for crystallizing twice, which would make the purity and yield of boric acid reach 99.94% and 95.36%, respectively. Taking this as foundation, recrystallization process was optimized with acetone as anti-solvent, whose amount was the most important index. The boric acid solution was added into acetone and recrystallized under the same condition, and the purity and yield of boric acid would reach 99.98% and 99.61%, respectively. The product detected by XRD was confirmed as boric acid crystal. Main ion concentration in the product was detected by ICP, which basically met the national standard of high purity. Crystal morphology of boric acid was observed by SEM.

CIRCULATING INTERCELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE 1 LEVELS IN SERA OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

Objective The aim of the study was to determine whether bronchial asthma was associated with increased levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1(sICAM 1) in serum, which might be valuble data for the effective therapy of these patients Patients and methods The concentrations of sICAM 1 were determined in sera of healthy donors and asthmatic patients using a sensitive enzyme immunoassay Results The mean(±SD) levels of serum sICAM 1 of 26 asthmatic patients (205±72 0 μg/L)was significantly higher than that of the 30 healthy volunteers (154±63 9 μg/L,P<0 01) There was no much difference between the serum levels in 12 patients suffering from atopic asthma and the levels in 14 patients with nonatopic asthma The serum concentrations of sICAM 1 were higher during asthma attacks than that during remissions in the same patients (P<0 05) Conclusion These results suggest that sICAM 1 may play a certain role in the pathophysiology of bronchial asthma,and might be signals for successful treatment

Ant colony system algorithm for the optimization of beer fermentation control

Beer fermentation is a dynamic process that must be guided along a temperature profile to obtain the desired results. Ant colony system algorithm was applied to optimize the kinetic model of this process. During a fixed period of fermentation time, a series of different temperature profiles of the mixture were constructed. An optimal one was chosen at last. Optimal temperature profile maximized the final ethanol production and minimized the byproducts concentration and spoilage risk. The satisfactory results obtained did not require much computation effort.

A study of legal attributes of carbon emission rights in carbon trading

Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) has given birth to an international carbon trading market prosperity, which provides developing countries with valuable opportunity to address climate change issues right along with economic development and environmental improvement to achieve sustainable development. However, most studies of CDM focus on economics, and few on its legal problems. CDM involves too many aspects. And the clear legal attribute of trading object is the basis of progress of the transaction and also the start point of legal protection. Therefore, this paper in accordance with the inherent principle of property rights economics, and environmental economics in CDM, only discusses CDM carbon emission right legal interpretation and its attribution. The paper recommends that in order to ensure and promote the carbon emission right trading, carbon emission right should be attributed into the system of real rights to be regulated by Real Right Law. In this way, carbon emission right can gain exclusive power of possession and use, which can achieve a clear right def inition of environmental goods in line with Coase's theory to protect Chinese prof it in carbon trading market and promote the development of the carbon trading market further.

Changes and Innovation of Dutch Building Regulation and Control： An Ongoing Debate

Dutch building regulation is under construction. After the report of the commission ＂Fundamentele Verkenning Bouw＂ in 2008, several studies have been done on the principals that the commission outlined in its report. Local authorities and parties in construction were invited to start experiments with a more privatized system of building control. But this faced a lack of participation, partly due to the impact of the crisis. The minister responsible for housing and construction invited in 2011 a ＂Bouwteam＂ to develop an agenda for action for construction. In 2012, 17 action teams started to focus, speed up and simplify the planning and development of construction. Recently, the two teams related to building regulation presented their plans. The first was a roadmap towards private building control, the second, a proposal for an independent body to answer questions on constructions plans that do intrinsically but not legally meet the standards of building regulation. There is considerable controversy regarding the way that this implementation team is paving its path towards private building control. While the minister for housing conformed himself to a subsidized private implementing team, the Dutch Parliament has expressed its own priorities for regulation： insured guarantee to protect users and owners, a role for local authorities regarding safety and acceptance of buildings and simplification of building regulation and control for simple construction works. The parliament held a round-table conference to get informed about private building control. Recently, a proposal by the minister for housing was discussed. Further debate will be needed to decide about the next steps in innovation building regulation, which will take place in the upcoming months. ERB/RIGO （Foundation Expert Centre Regulations in Building/Research Institute for Real Estate） have developed own proposals for the public-private relation regarding development and construction of buildings. They expect that their proposals might be of help. The proposals are laid down in several publications and partly realized in experimental development of ＂to be approved＂ technical solutions. This paper reflects on the differences between their proposals and these of the roadmap, on the possible outcome of the ongoing debate and its implications, legal and technical, on building regulation and on legal and contractual liability. This paper tries to give an inside view on the development of regulation and the pros and cons of the proposals, starting from a theoretical outline of building regulation.

The Impact of Private Lending to SME Financing Based on SWOT Analysis

For a long time, private lending is the main channel for SME financing, and play an important role in solving the problem of SME financing.In addition,private lending also promotes the operation of private capital,which is conducive to the development of the national economy.This paper expound the development status of private lending, based on analysis of the SWOT, analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of private lending and private lending opportunities and challenges in the process of legalization.In the end of this paper, the author proposes appropriate coping strategies to solve threats and weaknesses that may exist for the development of private lending.

A Pseudo Random Number Generator under Windows Using Refined Descriptive Sampling

In this paper, we propose a software component under Windows that generates pseudo random numbers using RDS （Refined Descriptive Sampling） as required by the simulation. RDS is regarded as the best sampling method as shown in the literature. In order to validate the proposed component, its implementation is proposed on approximating integrals. The simulation results from RDS using ＂RDSRnd＂ generator were compared to those obtained using the generator ＂Rnd＂ included in the Pascal programming language under Windows. The best results are given by the proposed software component.

Characteristics of China's Automobile Recall Actions

For the purpose of enhancing automobile safety and the effectiveness of recalls,increasing manufacturers' quality control capabilities,and reducing defects,we investigated thestatus of recalls over the last five years.We have examined patterns and trends in motor vehiclesafety recalls using databases from China,Europe and the United States.A recall rate parameterwas developed to evaluate the level of recall enforcement based on analyzing the reasonsfor recalls and manufactures' characteristics.Moreover,there were substantial differencesin the recall rates of China compared with those in other countries,indicating that Chinese manufacturersneed to take more active action in recall.