In the new century, quantum technology has developed rapidly and has been applied in many fields. As an important aspect of the aerospace science, metrology and measuring science is a field which is influenced by the ...In the new century, quantum technology has developed rapidly and has been applied in many fields. As an important aspect of the aerospace science, metrology and measuring science is a field which is influenced by the quantum technology dramatically. The new generation of the International System of Units will be redefined on the basis of the quantum theory. More and more new sensing techniques are developed taking into account quantum principles. In this paper, the influence of quantum technology on metrology and measuring science is introduced.展开更多
The article intends to work about Friedrich List political economy starting from a specific point of view: idea of nation. Published in 1841, The National System of Political economy establishes a hard dialogue with ...The article intends to work about Friedrich List political economy starting from a specific point of view: idea of nation. Published in 1841, The National System of Political economy establishes a hard dialogue with the Wealth of nations written by Smith. The criticism is built around the idea of nation. In List, the nation, as synonym of productive forces, is a critic to the Smith's nation idea as a free market. The List's idea of nation is a product of a group of structural (and not only cultural or mental) transformations that occurred during the Revolutions of 1830 and 1848 in Europe. The result is the emergency of a new form of State, the nation-State. The political economy elaborates their critics in the measure in capitalism changes. The nation, in the national system of political economy of List, synthesizes the unification of the territory, the consolidation of the national industry and an internal market free from barriers and interlinked by a modem net of transports. In a contradictory way, that nation idea is based in great territory and its empire and not on the nationality principle, according to which, each people, yet that very small, has the right to its own territory. The unified and industrially developed States build immense empires that, in practical terms, contravene the principle of nationality展开更多
OBJECTIVE This research was to induce dendritic cells (DCs) from mice embryonic stem cells and bone marrow mononuclear cells in vitro, and then compare the biologic characteristics of them. METHODS Embryonic stem ce...OBJECTIVE This research was to induce dendritic cells (DCs) from mice embryonic stem cells and bone marrow mononuclear cells in vitro, and then compare the biologic characteristics of them. METHODS Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) suspending cultured in petri dishes were induced to generate embryonic bodies (EBs). Fourteen-day well-developed EBs were transferred to histological culture with the same medium and supplemented 25 ng/ml GM- CSF and 25 ng/ml IL-3. In the next 2 weeks, there were numerous immature DCs outgrown. Meantime, mononuclear cells isolated from mice bone marrow were induced to derive dendritic cells by supplementing 25 ng/ml GM-CSF and 25 ng/ml IL-4, and then the morphology, phenotype and function of both dendritic cells from different origins were examined. RESULTS Growing mature through exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), both ESC-DCs and BM-DCs exhibited dramatic veils of cytoplasm and extensive dendrites on their surfaces, highly expressed CD11c, MHC-II and CD86 with strong capacity to stimulate primary T cell responses in mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). CONCLUSION ESC-DC has the same biologic characteristics as BM-DC, and it provides a new, reliable source for the functional research of DC and next produce corresponding anti-tumor vaccine.展开更多
文摘In the new century, quantum technology has developed rapidly and has been applied in many fields. As an important aspect of the aerospace science, metrology and measuring science is a field which is influenced by the quantum technology dramatically. The new generation of the International System of Units will be redefined on the basis of the quantum theory. More and more new sensing techniques are developed taking into account quantum principles. In this paper, the influence of quantum technology on metrology and measuring science is introduced.
文摘The article intends to work about Friedrich List political economy starting from a specific point of view: idea of nation. Published in 1841, The National System of Political economy establishes a hard dialogue with the Wealth of nations written by Smith. The criticism is built around the idea of nation. In List, the nation, as synonym of productive forces, is a critic to the Smith's nation idea as a free market. The List's idea of nation is a product of a group of structural (and not only cultural or mental) transformations that occurred during the Revolutions of 1830 and 1848 in Europe. The result is the emergency of a new form of State, the nation-State. The political economy elaborates their critics in the measure in capitalism changes. The nation, in the national system of political economy of List, synthesizes the unification of the territory, the consolidation of the national industry and an internal market free from barriers and interlinked by a modem net of transports. In a contradictory way, that nation idea is based in great territory and its empire and not on the nationality principle, according to which, each people, yet that very small, has the right to its own territory. The unified and industrially developed States build immense empires that, in practical terms, contravene the principle of nationality
基金supported by a grant from Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University,China(No.NECT-05-0820).
文摘OBJECTIVE This research was to induce dendritic cells (DCs) from mice embryonic stem cells and bone marrow mononuclear cells in vitro, and then compare the biologic characteristics of them. METHODS Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) suspending cultured in petri dishes were induced to generate embryonic bodies (EBs). Fourteen-day well-developed EBs were transferred to histological culture with the same medium and supplemented 25 ng/ml GM- CSF and 25 ng/ml IL-3. In the next 2 weeks, there were numerous immature DCs outgrown. Meantime, mononuclear cells isolated from mice bone marrow were induced to derive dendritic cells by supplementing 25 ng/ml GM-CSF and 25 ng/ml IL-4, and then the morphology, phenotype and function of both dendritic cells from different origins were examined. RESULTS Growing mature through exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), both ESC-DCs and BM-DCs exhibited dramatic veils of cytoplasm and extensive dendrites on their surfaces, highly expressed CD11c, MHC-II and CD86 with strong capacity to stimulate primary T cell responses in mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). CONCLUSION ESC-DC has the same biologic characteristics as BM-DC, and it provides a new, reliable source for the functional research of DC and next produce corresponding anti-tumor vaccine.