Construction of a broadband impedance spectrum and synchronous DC voltammetry measurement system for solar cells

The current impedance spectroscopy measurement techniques face difficulties in diagnosing solar cell faults due to issues such as cost,complexity,and accuracy.Therefore,a novel system was developed for precise broadband impedance spectrum measurement of solar cells,which was composed of an oscilloscope,a signal generator,and a sampling resistor.The results demonstrate concurrent accurate measurement of the impedance spectrum(50 Hz-0.1 MHz)and direct current voltametric characteristics.Comparative analysis with Keithley 2450 data yields a global relative error of approximately 6.70%,affirming the accuracy.Among excitation signals(sine,square,triangle,pulse waves),sine wave input yields the most accurate data,with a root mean square error of approximately 13.3016 and a global relative error of approximately 4.25%compared to theoretical data.Elevating reference resistance expands the half circle in the impedance spectrum.Proximity of reference resistance to that of the solar cell enhances the accuracy by mitigating line resistance influence.Measurement error is lower in high-frequency regions due to a higher signal-to-noise ratio.

Secret Key Generation Based on Two-Way Randomness for TDD-SISO System

A novel secret key generation(SKG)method based on two-way randomness is proposed for TDD-SISO system.The legitimate transceivers mutually transmit their own random signal via reciprocal wireless channel,then the multiplication of transmitted and received signal is used as common randomness to generate secret keys.In quasi-static channel,the theoretical SKG rates(SKGRs)of the three SKG methods,namely wireless channel based,one-way randomness and two-way randomness,are derived and compared.Further,two practical SKG schemes based on twoway randomness,Scheme-1bit and Scheme-3bit,are completely designed and simulated.Generally,Scheme-1bit applies to low signal to noise ratio(SNR)scenarios and achieves 0.13~0.86bit/T_s SKGR and 10^(-2)~10^(-5) level secret key outage probability(SKOP),while Scheme-3bit fits high SNR situation and obtains 0.93~1.35bit/T_s SKGR and 10^(-3)~10^(-4) level SKOP.At last,the national institute of standards and technology(NIST)test is conducted to evaluate the secret key randomness(SKRD)and the test results show that both of the proposed schemes have passed the test.

A HIGH PERFORMANCE UWB LFM WAVEFORM GENERATOR

In this paper, the design and implementation of a high performance Ultra-WideBand (UWB) Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM) waveform generator at Very High Frequency/Ultra High Frequency (VHF/UHF) band are introduced. Firstly, the design ideas for a high performance UWB LFM waveform generator are described. Then, a generation scheme for UWB LFM waveforms is presented according to the baseband digital generation method combining with the bandwidth ex-tension method via frequency doubling. An experimental system has been implemented and tested. The results show that the UWB LFM waveform generator achieves very high performance.

Optical wireless network in home area based on white LED lights

A new optical wireless network based on white LED lights in home area is proposed. It is a duplex channel communication system utilizing signal emitters of white LED lights in the downlink and infrared devices in the uplink. Strategies for the system construction are given. Performance for users＇ mobile access of different kinds of optical concentrators is investigated. Indoor channel band-width is analyzed considering white LED light distribution, wall reflection, and receivers field of view （FOV）. Various modulation methods are discussed. A demo point-to-point system for surfing the net is constructed using a new line code of 4B6B which is developed to stabilize the optical output, and a peak data rate of 1 Mbps is achieved. This system is built into the lighting infrastructure, therefore decreasing the cost and offering a solution for wireless access in places which are sensitive to radio frequency like hospitals.

P68 RNA helicase is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein

P68 RNA helicase is a prototypical DEAD box RNA helicase. The protein plays a very important role in early organ development and maturation. Consistent with the function of the protein in transcriptional regulation and pre-mRNA splicing, p68 was found to predominately localize in the cell nucleus. However, recent experiments demon- strate a transient cytoplasmic localization of the protein. We report here that p68 shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of p68 is mediated by two nuclear localization signal and two nuclear exporting signal sequence elements. Our experiments reveal that p68 shuttles via a classical RanGTPase-dependent pathway.

Microwave Diagnostics for Studies of Electromagnetic Scattering by Fluorescent Lamp Plasma

This paper rerports a related microwave diagnostic methhod that measures both the electron number density and the electron-neu- tral collision frequency, which are crucial to understand the behavior of microwave traveling in plasma. Arrays of standard commercial fluoresoent lamp placed directly against each other in two rows are used to produce a plasma layer. Attenuations of microwave by plasma layer are studied experimentally in the frequencies of 1--8 C44z using a synthesized signal generator and a spectnnn analyzer. Two wavepolarizations are trader investigation： dectric field of the wave is either parallel （ E -wave） or perpendicular （H-wave） to the fluorescent lamp axis. The electron number density and the electron-neutral collision frequency of fluorescent lamp plasma are obtained by microwave diagnostics, for the purpose of analyzing microwave scattering characteristics by plasma.

Novel transmitter of dark RZ signal based on external modulator

A novel transmitter to generate a dark RZ signal with tunable duty cycle and extinction ratio is proposed, by modifying the process of preceding, modulating and coding, A dark RZ signal is generated simply by using one dual-arm Mach-Zehnder LiNbO3 modulator. We demonstrate experimentally that this optical dark RZ signal can be directly measured by a conventional binary intensity modulation direct detection （IM-DD） receiver. When different values of duty cycles at 2.5 Gbit/s are adjusted, the experimental results show different BER curves and eye diagrams of the optical dark RZ signal.

Acoustic Emission Properties of Concrete Slab During Fatigue Testing with a Running-Wheel Load

AE （acoustic emission） signals from concrete slab during fatigue testing with a running-wheel load were evaluated. The signals were recorded by remote sensors connected to a computer network. The sensing equipment consisted of 60 kHz resonant-type AE sensors mounted on a reinforcing steel bar as a waveguide, together with a 16-channel sensor highway AE system. Because the detected AE signals included periodic mechanical noise from the motion of the wheel, these noises were eliminated by means of signal processing. The AE waveguide measurement over a length of 3 m detected fractures as vertical and horizontal cracks in the RC （reinforced concrete） slab. Those cracks were analyzed by correlating AE parameters with macroscopic distortions and the numbers of fatigue cycles. In the AE events and AE energy, two types of AE phenomena, active region and inactive region, were observed during fatigue testing. The vertical cracks were characterized by an AE amplitude of 58 dB, a peak frequency of 30 kHz, and a ratio of the rise time to the maximum amplitude value （RA） of 100. The horizontal cracks were characterized by an AE amplitude of 85 dB, a peak frequency of 60 kHz, and an RA value of 10.

Optimization and Synthesis of RF CMOS Polyphase Filters with Layout Considerations

A novel software tool for optimization and synthesis of RF CMOS polyhase filters(PPFs),PPFOPTIMA,is developed.In the optimization engine,genetic algorithm is adopted to avoid local optima.Experiments on PPFOPTIMA demonstrate that it is an efficient design aid for design and optimization of RF CMOS PPFs.

Theoretical study of electric energy consumption for self-powered chaos signal generator

Self-powered chaos signal generator is potentially useful in future medical system,such as low cost portable human healthy monitor and treatment without external power source.For both functional and power unit,the power level of electric energy generator and consumption is a key factor for self-powered system.In this paper,we have investigated the power consumption of three typical output modes of a simple chaos circuit.Analytical analysis for power consumption of fixed output mode is obtained for evaluating the power characteristics of chaos signal generator.Numerical calculations are given for predicting the power characteristics of periodical and chaotic output modes.This study is important for not only understanding the power consumption of chaos signal generator,but also guiding new self-powered chaos signal generator design.

Sharp tunable and additional noise-free optical filter based on Brillouin losses

In this paper, we propose an additional noise-free, independent center frequency and bandwidth tunable optical filter based on stimulated Brillouin scattering(SBS) losses. By suppressing the out-of-band signal with two broadened symmetric SBS losses, tunable pass bandwidths from 500 MHz to 9.5 GHz and the independent center frequency tunability are demonstrated. Considering the limited SBS interaction in the center frequency range,a flat-top response with minimum 0.3 dB ripple is achieved. Assisted by the extra suppression from polarization pulling, a maximum selectivity of 20 dB and an ultrahigh 250 dB∕GHz roll-off are reached. A gain-based SBS filter adds noise to the filtered signal. However, for our proposed filter setup, no additional noise is detected due to the transparency in the passband. Considering the wide independent bandwidth and center frequency tunability, flat-top response, and low-noise characteristic, our proposed filter can be perfectly used as a supplement of most commercialized conventional tunable optical single bandpass filters, whose minimum bandwidth is limited by 10 GHz.

SIGNAL ESTIMATION WITH BINARY-VALUED SENSORS

This paper introduces several algorithms for signal estimation using binary-valued outputsensing.The main idea is derived from the empirical measure approach for quantized identification,which has been shown to be convergent and asymptotically efficient when the unknown parametersare constants.Signal estimation under binary-valued observations must take into consideration oftime varying variables.Typical empirical measure based algorithms are modified with exponentialweighting and threshold adaptation to accommodate time-varying natures of the signals.Without anyinformation on signal generators,the authors establish estimation algorithms,interaction between noisereduction by averaging and signal tracking,convergence rates,and asymptotic efficiency.A thresholdadaptation algorithm is introduced.Its convergence and convergence rates are analyzed by using theODE method for stochastic approximation problems.

A highly sensitive chemiluminescence sensor for detecting mercury(Ⅱ) ions: a combination of Exonuclease Ⅲ-aided signal amplification and graphene oxide-assisted background reduction

In this paper, we report a highly sensitive chemiluminescence(CL) sensor for Hg2+ ions based on thymine-Hg2+-thymine(T-Hg2+-T) coordination chemistry. We designed a thymine rich oligonucleotide as a capture probe and a signal probe that includes two functional domains: a horseradish peroxidase-mimicking DNAzyme domain for the generation of CL, and a recognition domain. Graphene oxide(GO) was introduced to adsorb the signal probe via π-π interaction, which brought the DNAzyme domain and GO into close proximity and quenches CL. In the presence of Hg2+ ions, the coordination of Hg2+ with the capture probe yielded a hairpin complex, triggers cascaded strand displacement reactions and Exonuclease III-assisted signal amplifications. As a result, accumulated amounts of DNAzyme were generated and released from GO, leading to an enhanced CL signal. This strategy combines enzyme-based signal amplification and GO as a background reducer, leads to a limit of detection(LOD) of 2 nmol/L. This simple detection system provides a label-free yet sensitive approach for detection of Hg2+ ions.