一、中国加入世贸组织的利弊中国加入世贸组织对国家和企业来说,都是机遇与挑战并存,既有利也有弊,而利大于弊,并且弊也可能化为利。这里先从中国加入世贸组织对国家的利益方面来谈。首先,从日本在1955年进入关贸总协定的情况和中国当...一、中国加入世贸组织的利弊中国加入世贸组织对国家和企业来说,都是机遇与挑战并存,既有利也有弊,而利大于弊,并且弊也可能化为利。这里先从中国加入世贸组织对国家的利益方面来谈。首先,从日本在1955年进入关贸总协定的情况和中国当前情况的比较找出借鉴: 当时日本为加入GATT,虽有美国的支持,但遭到英国、澳大利亚、法国、荷兰、比利时、奥地利、印度和新西兰等15个国家的反对,结果日本是在有15个国家按GATT第35条规定采取"互不适用"NonApplication of Agreement Between Particular countries情况下加入的。展开更多
This paper provides an insight into the concept of e-government and its implementation factors. Attempts have been made to review and analyse existing literatures and theories of e-government and to develop a conceptu...This paper provides an insight into the concept of e-government and its implementation factors. Attempts have been made to review and analyse existing literatures and theories of e-government and to develop a conceptual framework for evaluating factors influencing e-government implementing in both developing and developed countries. This is necessary to build trust amongst stakeholders, to encourage collaborative working, and to ensure that transparent and generally acceptable systems are in place. It is expected that the proposed conceptual model would be validated by researchers and academicians in future, since it would be relevant for analysing those wider social and economic factors that have an impact on e-government and other information and communication technologies （ICTs）.展开更多
Objectivity in media practice is the journalist＇s ability to give every segment of the audience an equal right to be heard and seen, to read or to react. Disappointingly, that objectivity does not extend to the polic...Objectivity in media practice is the journalist＇s ability to give every segment of the audience an equal right to be heard and seen, to read or to react. Disappointingly, that objectivity does not extend to the policies that regulate that practice. This concern is demonstrated in the incoherence and lack of judgment that exist in media policy domains where journalism is confined to a deal between only the journalist and his or her audience. This linear process conspicuously excludes those crucial stakeholders whose interests tremendously affect the destiny of journalists and their audience. The development has adversely affected policy rationality in some developing countries as media policies lack interactive planning, robust policy discourses and stakeholder dialogue, thereby undermining policy integrity. This paper attempts to argue that for a media policy to be truly in public interest, formulators have to expand their horizon beyond government, journalists and their audience to other stakeholders. Newsmakers, who fall into a category of such stakeholders, can make the journalist＇s pen run dry if they go on strike! Others include media users, media owners and media scholars. The paper recommends the process of harnessing the perspectives of these stakeholders in a manner that can make analysts consider drafting a fresh all-encompassing media policy for developing countries, especially those of Africa.展开更多
This paper empirically investigates the type of and for whom NGO Accountability is practised in Nigeria with a view to enhancing sustainable development in the country. In-depth interviews on accountability related is...This paper empirically investigates the type of and for whom NGO Accountability is practised in Nigeria with a view to enhancing sustainable development in the country. In-depth interviews on accountability related issues were conducted with managers of an international and a national NGO from Lagos State of Nigeria. The interview was supported by content review of accounts and reports of the selected NGOs. The findings of this study represent a hierarchical conception of accountability privileging a narrow range of stakeholders, which is short-term in focus and not strategic. The findings are situated in the context of what the literature says about NGO Accountability. This work could enhance the frontier of knowledge in NGO Accountability especially in a developing country like Nigeria.展开更多
The rise of non-marital fertility, which seems to defy the Bongaarts model by decoupling marriage from fertility, has become a subject of interest in both the developed and developing world. Consequences of non-marita...The rise of non-marital fertility, which seems to defy the Bongaarts model by decoupling marriage from fertility, has become a subject of interest in both the developed and developing world. Consequences of non-marital fertility are mostly negative particularly in developing countries. In Namibia, although premarital childbearing has been reported to be high and increasing, no studies have explicitly analyzed factors influencing non-marital fertility. This paper uses data from the 2006/7 Namibia DHS to establish the determinants of non-marital fertility among women by applying a two-part model, with one part to describe the presence of non-marital birth and the other part to explain its intensity （number of children born）. Using the number of children ever born as an outcome, we explored various count data models. Based on the Voung statistics model comparison, we settled for the Hurdle logit Negative Binomial regression to model the number of non-marital births. Non-marital fertility in Namibia is associated with the age, with young women likely to have lower fertility compared to older women. Women with secondary or higher education had lower fertility compared those with no formal education. Findings also show that rural women higher fertility propensity compared to their urban counterparts even though there was no significant difference in fertility intensity. With regard to socio-economic status, fertility intensity decreased as the women got richer. Intervention efforts should focus on promoting education among girls and women especially in rural areas to improve their socio-economic status, reduce teenage pregnancy and non-marital fertility.展开更多
文摘一、中国加入世贸组织的利弊中国加入世贸组织对国家和企业来说,都是机遇与挑战并存,既有利也有弊,而利大于弊,并且弊也可能化为利。这里先从中国加入世贸组织对国家的利益方面来谈。首先,从日本在1955年进入关贸总协定的情况和中国当前情况的比较找出借鉴: 当时日本为加入GATT,虽有美国的支持,但遭到英国、澳大利亚、法国、荷兰、比利时、奥地利、印度和新西兰等15个国家的反对,结果日本是在有15个国家按GATT第35条规定采取"互不适用"NonApplication of Agreement Between Particular countries情况下加入的。
文摘This paper provides an insight into the concept of e-government and its implementation factors. Attempts have been made to review and analyse existing literatures and theories of e-government and to develop a conceptual framework for evaluating factors influencing e-government implementing in both developing and developed countries. This is necessary to build trust amongst stakeholders, to encourage collaborative working, and to ensure that transparent and generally acceptable systems are in place. It is expected that the proposed conceptual model would be validated by researchers and academicians in future, since it would be relevant for analysing those wider social and economic factors that have an impact on e-government and other information and communication technologies （ICTs）.
文摘Objectivity in media practice is the journalist＇s ability to give every segment of the audience an equal right to be heard and seen, to read or to react. Disappointingly, that objectivity does not extend to the policies that regulate that practice. This concern is demonstrated in the incoherence and lack of judgment that exist in media policy domains where journalism is confined to a deal between only the journalist and his or her audience. This linear process conspicuously excludes those crucial stakeholders whose interests tremendously affect the destiny of journalists and their audience. The development has adversely affected policy rationality in some developing countries as media policies lack interactive planning, robust policy discourses and stakeholder dialogue, thereby undermining policy integrity. This paper attempts to argue that for a media policy to be truly in public interest, formulators have to expand their horizon beyond government, journalists and their audience to other stakeholders. Newsmakers, who fall into a category of such stakeholders, can make the journalist＇s pen run dry if they go on strike! Others include media users, media owners and media scholars. The paper recommends the process of harnessing the perspectives of these stakeholders in a manner that can make analysts consider drafting a fresh all-encompassing media policy for developing countries, especially those of Africa.
文摘This paper empirically investigates the type of and for whom NGO Accountability is practised in Nigeria with a view to enhancing sustainable development in the country. In-depth interviews on accountability related issues were conducted with managers of an international and a national NGO from Lagos State of Nigeria. The interview was supported by content review of accounts and reports of the selected NGOs. The findings of this study represent a hierarchical conception of accountability privileging a narrow range of stakeholders, which is short-term in focus and not strategic. The findings are situated in the context of what the literature says about NGO Accountability. This work could enhance the frontier of knowledge in NGO Accountability especially in a developing country like Nigeria.
文摘The rise of non-marital fertility, which seems to defy the Bongaarts model by decoupling marriage from fertility, has become a subject of interest in both the developed and developing world. Consequences of non-marital fertility are mostly negative particularly in developing countries. In Namibia, although premarital childbearing has been reported to be high and increasing, no studies have explicitly analyzed factors influencing non-marital fertility. This paper uses data from the 2006/7 Namibia DHS to establish the determinants of non-marital fertility among women by applying a two-part model, with one part to describe the presence of non-marital birth and the other part to explain its intensity （number of children born）. Using the number of children ever born as an outcome, we explored various count data models. Based on the Voung statistics model comparison, we settled for the Hurdle logit Negative Binomial regression to model the number of non-marital births. Non-marital fertility in Namibia is associated with the age, with young women likely to have lower fertility compared to older women. Women with secondary or higher education had lower fertility compared those with no formal education. Findings also show that rural women higher fertility propensity compared to their urban counterparts even though there was no significant difference in fertility intensity. With regard to socio-economic status, fertility intensity decreased as the women got richer. Intervention efforts should focus on promoting education among girls and women especially in rural areas to improve their socio-economic status, reduce teenage pregnancy and non-marital fertility.
