The fundamental way of satisfying the basic needs of human development is to secure the basic needs,limit luxurious and wasteful emissions,and ensure the fulfillment of climate targets,so as to achieve intra-and inter...The fundamental way of satisfying the basic needs of human development is to secure the basic needs,limit luxurious and wasteful emissions,and ensure the fulfillment of climate targets,so as to achieve intra-and intergenerational equity.In this paper,the author discusses and analyzes a series of challenges that the development has to face,such as poverty elimination,urbanization,and industrialization,and the problems of increased consumption that is brought about by the improvement of living standards;the author distinguishes the stock emission,which does not need annual updating,and the flow emission of regular consumption;the author also defines the standards of energy consumption and carbon emissions that can meet the basic needs.On this basis,the author proposes the concept and method of carbon budget,compares this method with other means,and in particular,studies and analyzes the implications of international equity and sustainability of carbon budget as part of the international climate regime design.展开更多
Based on studies of literature and the freshman admission data from 1978 to 2005 in Peking University,the research reveals how female student enrollments grew from nil to a considerable size,and how the exclusion of w...Based on studies of literature and the freshman admission data from 1978 to 2005 in Peking University,the research reveals how female student enrollments grew from nil to a considerable size,and how the exclusion of women college admission was overcome to achieve gender balance.However,the paper argues that this progress is limited in that class exclusion and the urban-rural gap is still significant in college enrollment,and there has been obvious sex segregation in the selection of specialties.So,equality from gender perspective alone is a“lame equality”.It is necessary to carefully examine what equality in higher education means to female students when both sexes have approximately equal opportunities to higher education,for to female students,the choice of specialty and the professional training are processes in which they have to continually submit themselves to male-centric knowledge.展开更多
文摘The fundamental way of satisfying the basic needs of human development is to secure the basic needs,limit luxurious and wasteful emissions,and ensure the fulfillment of climate targets,so as to achieve intra-and intergenerational equity.In this paper,the author discusses and analyzes a series of challenges that the development has to face,such as poverty elimination,urbanization,and industrialization,and the problems of increased consumption that is brought about by the improvement of living standards;the author distinguishes the stock emission,which does not need annual updating,and the flow emission of regular consumption;the author also defines the standards of energy consumption and carbon emissions that can meet the basic needs.On this basis,the author proposes the concept and method of carbon budget,compares this method with other means,and in particular,studies and analyzes the implications of international equity and sustainability of carbon budget as part of the international climate regime design.
文摘Based on studies of literature and the freshman admission data from 1978 to 2005 in Peking University,the research reveals how female student enrollments grew from nil to a considerable size,and how the exclusion of women college admission was overcome to achieve gender balance.However,the paper argues that this progress is limited in that class exclusion and the urban-rural gap is still significant in college enrollment,and there has been obvious sex segregation in the selection of specialties.So,equality from gender perspective alone is a“lame equality”.It is necessary to carefully examine what equality in higher education means to female students when both sexes have approximately equal opportunities to higher education,for to female students,the choice of specialty and the professional training are processes in which they have to continually submit themselves to male-centric knowledge.
