比较利益理论还是发展利益理论

古典政治经济学的比较优势理论存在两个缺陷:第一,理论的原型来自西方发达国家之间的贸易,因此对于考察生产力差别较大的两个国家(如发达国家与发展中国家)之间的国际贸易并不合适。第二,这个模型没有从经济学理论上考虑交换比例,得出两利共赢的结论是不可靠的。通过劳动价值论的分析,可以发现发达国家与发展中国家之间是不平等交换关系。新古典的H—O—S模型和“比较优势阶梯论”完全抛弃了劳动价值论的底层逻辑,不能解释剩余价值在国与国间的转移,更不能解释发展中国家与发达国家之间的不平等交换。发展中国家在国际贸易中不可能仅靠市场力量实现产业升级和国家发展利益,以技术创新为核心的比较优势动态发展需要政府干预和国家发展利益的明确导向。

后发展利益与非洲

后发展利益包括落后国家国民要求工业化的强烈愿望 ;替代性的广泛存在 ;引进先进国家的技术、设备和资金 ;后进国家的资源优势等方面的内容。非洲国家由于获取后发展利益失效 ,独立后 30多年经济一直处于逐步恶化的困境。尽管目前非洲经济有所回升 ,但由于获取后发展利益失效的原因没有消除 ,非洲经济难以稳定增长。

Study on National Sustainable Development Strategy Management Based on Stakeholders Management Theory

Based on the stakeholders management theory,this paper provides a new strategic management method for the National Sustainable Development Strategy.By taking China's National Sustainable Development Strategy Management as an example,this paper identifies all the stakeholders involved and then assesses stakeholders from two dimensions,namely "Importance" and "Attitude",by which all of the stakeholders are divided into six categories.On this basis,further analysis is made to work out strategic management programme by scheduling the strategic emphases,steps and management countermeasures for different types of stakeholders so as to provide theortical evidence for the practice of National Sustainable Developnent Strategy management.