我国农机科技体制改革回顾与展望

回顾了近１０年来，我国农机科技体制改革所经历的３个发展阶段。在改革中，农机科技成果数量增加，科研水平明显提高，经济自立能力大大增强，农机科研单位基本实现了从单纯科研型向科研经营型的转变，同时也面临一系列新的困难。随着科技工作主体转移到企业，农机科研单位必须进一步加大改革力度，全面进入市场经济，创办多种产权形式和经营方式的科技企业、建立以新技术成果为主导的新型科技企业集团是发展的必然趋势。最后提出了一系列深化农机科技体制改革的措施。

Key Technical Problems to be Solved in theCurrent Power Industy Development——Excerpted from the speech on the Seminar on Analysis Forecast of Economic Situation and Enterprise Reform

This paper briefs the development policies and focal construction points of powerindustry in China in 10th Five-year Plan period, and in accordance with the developmentaltrends of international power technology, puts forward the key technological problems tobe studies in China power industry currently.[

Sustainable urbanization: energy and environment in the Chongqing Municipality, China

Chongqing is the largest municipality under the Chinese Central Government (MCG) in terms of administrative area and population and is now the most important economic and cultural center of the upper Yangtze River and Three Gorges area. The Three Gorges Dam project, one of the largest world infrastructure projects, causes a great deal of immigration to Chongqing and results in the rapid urbanization of the city, and it has brought in a great deal of environmental impact, which is a global concerned issue. This paper introduces the city profile of Chongqing municipality and its urbanization impact on energy and environment. The demand and the trend of energy consumption in built environment (building and transport) have been analysed. The living environment of Chongqing residents and the local energy efficient policy have been introduced. Finally the authors discuss the key issues of the sustainable urban development of Chongqing.

PERSPECTIVE OF COAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA IN THE EARLY 2000'S

According to the Researches on Coal Development Strategies in China (1991 ~ 2020),the production scale of coal in China will increase to 2100 Mt in the year 2020 and the district layout of coal development and production will be diverted from the east to the central-west step by step. In addit1on, the multi-ply runnning struc ture-mines of the nation,the local and the village and town combined with produc tion scales of the large, the middle,and the small-will be kept. However,the tech nique of mining will be improved greatly.

The Evolution and Differentiation of Economic Convergence of Resource-based Cities in Northeast China

A key target of the overall strategy implementation for regional development since the 18th Party Congress of China has involved taking measures to narrow regional disparities. This is because resource-based cities' economic development has fallen below general levels due to resource exhaustion and an unbalanced industrial structure, among other factors. Further, an economic gap has long existed between Northeast China's large number of resource-based cities and non-resource-based cities. This article comprehensively studies the economic convergence of Northeast China's resource-based cities and non-resource-based cities from 1996 to 2015 by using a dynamic panel to analyze not only the economic development of different industries and types of cities, but also the main factors that influence economic development. The empirical results demonstrate that economic convergence exists in both resource-based and non-resource-based cities, but the economic gap between them has clearly narrowed since the implementation of a strategy to revitalize the Northeast's old industrial base. Shrinking cities are the fastest to converge, as mature cities are slower and regenerating cities are the slowest; regarding industry structure, the secondary industry dominates the economy in mature and shrinking cities, and the tertiary industry in regenerating cities. The primary stimulus in resource-based cities' economic development involves upgrading the industrial structure and investing in human capital. As China faces a ‘new normal' economy, resource-based cities in Northeast China should restructure the economy and perfect their market system to avoid again widening the economic gap.

Trade Friction,Upgrading Path and Development of Chinese Textile and Apparel Industry

China is the largest producer and exporter in textiles in the world now, but most Chinese textile and apparel enterprises operate in the low stream of global value chain- processing and assembling. A combination of domestic supply side constrains of high wages and external pressures of appreciation of RMB and trade friction make it difficult for Chinese textile and apparel industry to maintain the low-wage manufacturing. The paper analyzes by stakeholder map for trade friction. It may be more effective that China deals with the trade issues based on the analysis of different stakeholders. The political agreement is only a temporary resolution; the more important way is try to upgrade the operations in developed regions. According to industrial organization theory and global value chain theory, it is suggested product development and marketing are upgrading paths for Chinese enterprises.

Focus Shift in Brand Promotion in China's Garment Industry

After an introduction to the history of brand promotion in China, the paper points out that China＇s garment industry is undergoing the change from branding manufacturing to innovation. The shift is going along with the transition in the industry from comparative advantage to competitive advantage. After analyzing the relationship between independent innovation and brand building with the Smiling Curve, we can get the result that the key to China＇s garment industry is two-fold： brand promotion by means of independent innovation and competitive advantage in the international garment industry chain.

Hepatocellular carcinoma and industrial epidemics

Worldwide,the burden of the non viral causes of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is usually underestimated.Clearly industrial goods,tobacco,alcohol and processed foods are the agents of new epidemics in modern times which far outscore the burden of infectious agents on morbidity and mortality.Smoking,a dose-related contributing factor for HCC,receives too little attention in clinical practice.In France,tobacco,hepatitis B and C virus and alcohol are the main risk factors for HCC mortality(33%,31% and 26%,respectively).In developing countries,where tobacco consumption is dramatically increasing,this epidemic may soon surpass hepatitis B.Obesity and diabetes are the contributing factors too.The role of industrial processed foods in the increase of the prevalence of obesity and diabetes cannot be ignored.

The Concept and Theoretical Implications of Carbon Emissions Rights Based on Individual Equity

Climate change has become a hot topic in international environmental negotiations.For post-Kyoto international climate regime negotiations,many countries have proposed a variety of frameworks to share the emission reduction responsibilities and allocate carbon emission rights,and have tried to quantify the emission reduction obligations of all countries based on the perspectives of international equity and individual equity.In this paper,the authors have distinguished the concepts of carbon emissions rights based on these two perspectives respectively,have analyzed the relationship between carbon emissions per capita and economic development,and have calculated and compared the proportion of cumulative emissions per capita of different countries in history and future,and then authors conclude that emission reduction obligations should be allocated based on each country's conditions,including historical emissions,development stage,and future demands.Developed countries should take the initiative to significantly reduce their emissions because they have already accomplished their industrialization process.However,developing countries are still in the process of industrialization,which requires more emission rights to meet their development needs.For China,the concept of carbon emissions based on individual equity can be used as a theoretical tool for the allocating the international carbon emissions rights.

Can Evidence-based Policy Contribute to Correcting Overreaction？--Considering Democracy and Rationalized Policy Making

This paper focuses on evidence-based policy-making and democracy, along with political overreaction. In many countries, evidence-based policy-making is a prominent aspect of administration and aims to rationalize the policy-making process. Moreover, democracy is subject to many critiques nowadays because it cannot guaxmatee good public policy-making. Under such circumstances, some researchers have suggested that democracy should be limited, especially in public policy-making processes. There axe many critiques of such arguments because they ignore the participation that is necessary for democracy. There is some hope that evidence-based policy-making can teach laypersons using evidence. However, evidence is too difficult to understand for many laypersons. In this paper, the author suggests limited participatory analysis to support evidence-based policy. In this system, only knowledge holders would be allowed to participate. If evidence-based policy meant that the formulation of policy relied only on narrower experts, it would not make a positive contribution. However, if evidence-based policy were to adopt a participatory policy-creation process, it would offer greater potential

China＇s Call Center Development Strategy

Call center technology has been widely used in China, including industries of banking, railway, telecommunication, electron, insurance, and so on. But the actual effects and benefits brought by adoption of call center are really poor. This paper analyzes the situation of call center＇s adoption in several major industries in China and also analyzes the existing problems, From the point of view of strategies of enterprises and call center, this paper puts forward a set of strategic and theoretical suggestions for call center development in China.

Analysis of the targeted funding of the university students with profiles and cards from the perspective of poverty alleviation and tackling difficulties

The poor households with profiles and cards are the important objects of the targeted poverty alleviation. The supporting work of the students with profiles and cards in colleges and universities is an important part of the poverty alleviation in education. The university support should not only maintain in the economic and material support, but should also pay more attention to each student as the pillar of the socialist modernization in China, to fundamentally block the intergenerational transmission of the students with profiles and cards and their families. In fact, the path is to build up the supporting concept of the growth and development based on the students with cards and profiles, build a three-dimensional identification path, and establish and improve the tracking and evaluation mechanisms for the targeted funding.

Sustainable Energy Development Strategy in China

Energy and electrical power is very important in economy and society. China has faced an increasingly serious energy shortage in the past decade. On the other hand, energy consumption and power generation, releasing carbon dioxide and other gaseous emissions from fossil fuels, may pollute the environment. Nuclear power, as an alternative energy source, would reduce these gaseous emissions. Both global warming and sustainable energy supply can be solved to some extent by the application of nuclear power. In the aspects of regaining economic advantages, environmental protection, the security and reliability of energy, nuclear power has an obvious superiority. In this paper, we present the energy status in quo of China, and discuss ways to realize the sustainable development of energy and power.

Global Financial Crisis： Systemic Failure and the Underlying Knowledge Gap

Recently, global financial crisis or meltdown rocked the international financial market. This havoc was the result of the reckless use of financial derivatives that received spontaneous patronization from the financial whiz, but it is strange to discover that those proponents of market economy embarked on policy that was purely Keynesian in principle. The episode started in August 2007 with the collapse of subprime mortgage market and reached its climax during August 2008. Central banks in many countries of the western world intervened in the market to pump additional fund to give buoyancy in the credit market. The crisis encapsulated with the queer idea of financial instruments and multiple origins related to subprime mortgage left its trail in both developed and developing countries. Thus, an elaborate analysis of the causal link among various innovative instruments highlighting a mismatch between academic doctrine and real-life perspective and the inadequacy of the institutional arrangements supposed to tame the volatility of the market may be a useful guide to financial analysts and policy planners. The purpose of this paper is to highlight systemic gaps in the meltdown and redefine the contour of macroeconomics most appropriate to weather such catastrophe in the future.

Problems of Planning for Power Industry in China

On the basis of summing up the development of electric power industry in the 10th Five-Year Plan period, the idea of electric power development planning from 2006 to 2020 is presented. The authors analyzed ten main problems that existed in electric development during the 10th Five-Year Plan period, forecasted the electricity generation from 2006 to 2020, put forward the development strategy of power industry, discussed the component and development program of hydropower, thermal power, nuclear power, natural gas power and renewable power, outlined the present situations of six regional power grids, power transmission from western to eastern regions, UHV AC/DC power transmission and nationwide power grid interconnections, and finally gave out seven suggestions about electric power development in the future.

A Comparative Study of Workplace Environment against Industrialization Stage and Income Level

This paper explores the improvement of the workplace environment in the context of industrialization evolution by comparing statistics from China, the U.S., Japan and other nations at various levels of economic development. The study reveals that, compared either with the U.S. and Japan at similar stages of industrialization or many developing and developed nations at different income levels, China has certain advantages when it comes to the improvement of its workplace environment. This report concludes that China is not a country with low labor standards, as is widely accepted.

China’s Imports Technology Structure and Its Relationship with Trade Partners:1995-2011

This paper uses the latest data to analyze the historical patterns and the current situation of the technology structure of China＇ commodities imports, the structure of China＇s commodities imports from 19 countries and regions, and China＇s interdependent relationship with its trade partners on the basis of studying 230 kinds of manufactured products categorized by their technological intensity. The results show that during the period of 1995-2011, the share of low technology （low-tech） products and medium technology （medium-tech） products declined,＂ the share of primary products, resource- based products, and high technology （high-tech） products increased; high-tech products had taken the largest share, bypassing low-tech and medium-tech products, as early as 2000; different types of countries exported different kinds of commodities to China and had different positions in China＇s imports; China had relatively high interdependent relations with Japan, South Korea and China＇s Taiwan; China had relatively low interdependent relations with the United States, Germany, France and the Netherlands; China＇s import dependence on major developing countries and emerging developing countries was less than these countries＇ export dependence on China; China was the leading export destination for major developing countries and emerging developing countries. Generally speaking, the development of China＇s import trade is inclusive, and China shares its growth with other countries. It not only promotes developing countries＇exports but also enhances developed countries＇ exports.

Sustainable development and upgrading mode of coal industry in China

It is an emerging realistic problem on how to promote a high level of technology in the coal industry, find new upgrading powers and create new competitive advantages, which are also the core problems to efficient transformation pattern of economic growth for coal industry in the ''twelfth five-year'' period, involving the key to China's energy supply and energy security. Through field surveys and inductive analyses, analyzing of the content of upgrading the coal industry as an entry point, this paper analyzes the sustainable development mechanisms for the coal industry from the aspects of work force, power, methods, goals, and so on; and puts forward corresponding developmental modes according to the mechanisms which can improve resource recovery and mineral resources utilization rates by putting them into practice.

A Review of Research on Sponge Cities

Rapid urbanization has led to an increase o f urban artificial landscapes and the transformation of die earths surface, which has caused the dty to lose its functions of flood control and water purificatioiL There are frequent urban flooding and waterlogging, deterioration of water quality in rivets and lakes, and increasing water and environmental problems. In response to these situations, the state proposed the construction of a sponge dty. In this paper, the background and rcsearch significance of the sponge city were expounded, the domestic and foreign related reseatch was summarized, and further thinking about the sponge dty in Chim was put forward, in order to clarify the research context of the sponge dty and provide the basis for tiie later research.

Regional Economic Development in China——Situation,Problems and Policy Recommendations

The growth of regional economy in China was stable with a slight decline in2013.Growths in major economic indicators,namely the industrial added value,the total fixed asset investment,the total retail sales of consumer goods,and the total volume of import and export trade differ across the eastern,central,western and northeastern regions,but the overall difference is small.The regional economic development still faces certain problems,such as unbalanced development among regions,insufficient implementation of development planning,lack of in-depth regional cooperation,irrational competition of development of new zones,and uncoordinated policies on ecological progress from different government authorities.This paper suggests that China should formulate zoning policies and supporting measures to accelerate the development of key economic belts,promote new urbanization,transform the old industrial bases,strengthen joint prevention of regional environmental pollution and promote the opening up of the inland areas to the western regions.