锋面短时强降水系统发展模态的环境因子浅析

利用探空和地面加密自动站逐小时观测资料,对2010-2011年汛期发生在锋面上的四次具有不同发展模态的短时强降水过程的降水系统环境场特征进行了分析。结果表明:对于产生短时强降水的中尺度对流系统(MCS),地面假相当位温(θse)等值线密集区和地面切变线的分布形态及运动是影响其系统模态发展和移动方向的关键因素,且对流单体的新生还与地面辐合区密切相关。纬向型MCS的θse等值线密集区呈纬向分布;经向型MCS的θse等值线密集区呈经向分布;转向型MCS的θse等值线密集区则由经向转为纬向分布。不同发展模态MCS的强降水持续时间与地面θse高值区的持续时间关系密切。

梅雨锋上短时强降水系统的发展模态

利用2010、2011年5～7月我国东部地区梅雨锋盛行期的58次强降水个例,对产生短时强降水的中尺度对流系统回波演变模态及其系统特征进行了统计分析.本文中短时强降水特指小时降水超过30 mm.结果表明,与梅雨锋相伴的短时强降水系统回波演变模态主要为纬向型、经向型、转向型和合并型四类.纬向型、经向型和70％的转向型发展模态中中尺度对流系统（MCS）呈线状,合并型则主要为卵状.纬向型、转向型和合并型MCS以后向传播为主,但它们的生命史、移速和产生强降水持续时间有很大差别：纬向型生命史最长,强降水持续时间比转向型短;三类发展模态中转向型移速最快,生命史较纬向型短,但强降水持续时间最长;合并型移动最慢,生命史最短,强降水持续时间也最短.经向型MCS前向传播为主,移动最快,系统持续史短,约为纬向型的一半,30 mm h-1、50 mm h-1以上强降水持续时间约为转向型的1/3和1/5.纬向型MCS可向东或向南移动,经向型MCS通常向东或向西运动,合并型MCS可往任意方向移动,并且只有该发展模态中MCS会向北运动.虽然转向型MCS带来的短时强降水（尤其50 mm h-1以上）持续时间最长,经向型和合并型MCS产生短时强降水持续时间短,但四类发展模态中MCS的回波强度和回波高度的统计特征无明显区别.推测强降水持续时间可能与MCS的传播关系更加密切：经向型和合并型MCS前向传播占很大比重,生命史和产生的强降水更短;转向型和纬向型MCS的后向传播比重大,尤其转向型中不存在前向传播,对应短时强降水持续时间最长.

多模态认知语用学新发展——介评《视觉与多模态交际:运用关联原则》

多模态认知语用学研究方兴未艾,是当前多模态话语分析研究的前沿方向之一。Charles Forceville推出力作《视觉与多模态交际:运用关联原则》,更是为多模态认知语用研究提供了新颖的分析范式,并聚焦多模态认知语用研究的热门议题,比如多模态“症候”交际、信息富衍、体裁回归、多模态歧义消解和指代分配等话题。本文对该书进行介评,希望有助于学界了解多模态认知语用研究的前沿议题,拓展多模态语用研究视野。

Analysis on the Protection of Settlement Shape in Sichuan

This article elaborated the characteristics of settlement shape in detail with examples. Aiming at the negative effects on settlement shape by construction, we put forward some measures, such as respect for ecological environment, selection mode of space development, protection of historical features, and excavation of culture connotation, so as to realize the protection of settlement shape.

Another strategy to assess sustainable development

The goal of sustainoble development is to preserve sustainabitity trod simultaneously prevent catastrophe in a man-land .system. However, almost all the existing approaches to assessing sustainable development are to measure the sustainability. namely appraise from the obverse side of the sustainable development. So it seems necessary to attack the same task on the reverse, namely to measure the passibility of eatostrophe. In this paper, with a case study of Tianjin, China. we employ catastrophe theory and models to integrate Tianjin＇s sustainable development indicators, and then deduce the catastrophe risk index （ CRI） to present the level of catastrophic possibility in the city. Applying catastrophe theory, is a new strategy to assess sustainable development and shows great practical significance, especially for those developing regions or countries, who always give more priority to their economy and therefore have more obligation to make sure whether their social economic activities might bring forth any ecological environment catastrophe. Besides, being both qualitative and quantitative, the approach could be employed to explore not only static characteristics bat also dynamic mechanism of man-land system. Although our work is only a maiden attempt and still calls for further effort to improve it, the case study of Tianjin in this paper would assure as the great promising future to apply, catastrophe theory to sustoinable devetopment modeling,

A study of economic development in Tibet of China based on the ecological economic mode

The purpose of this paper is to study the issues on keeping the continuous development of Tibetan economy and the relative stability of its ecosystem. Hence, in order to achieve the object, the study analyzes the status quo of economic development in Tibet and the problems of resource exploitation. It especially discusses frailty of Tibetan eco-environment, and evaluates the contradictions between the traditional economic developing mode and the safety of plateau＇s ecosystem. It concludes that there is an inevitable clash between the development of Tibetan economy and the safety of plateau＇s eco-system; this problem cannot be avoided by any decision maker, Therefore, the character of Tibetan econvironment and the requirement of its economic development strategy determine that ecological economy developing mode is the only choice for Tibet. This paper suggests that it should be compensated by the national government to assure that Tibetan economy can keep a higher developing speed. In accordance with the feature of plateau eco-economy system and demand of Tibetan economic development, this paper also suggests several methods to apply the ecoeconomy developing strategy of Tibet.

Eco-compensation and Harmonious Regional Development in China

Harmonious regional development poses difficult problems, especially in so far as the harmonious regional development of ecological resources is concerned. China has explored several eco-compensation models, and in each province eco-compensation has different characteristics. These methods have had significant impacts. The aim of this paper is first to examine the meaning of ecocompensation and to present a framework for analyzing it. Next the development of eco-compensation in China is examined. Finally, four typical models of eco-compensation are compared: the government financial transfer payment compensation model; the ecological resource exploiters′ payment compensation model; the ecological destruction compensation model; and the ecological resource tax collection compensation model. Each model has its own unique feature and potential to contribute to harmonious regional development.

Study on Ecological Strategy of Enterprises' Competition

The ecolotogical research of enterprises＇ competition is the front line of current research of enterprises ＇ competition strategy ： This text applies the competition principle of living creature in ecology to research enterprises＇ competition problems .explains the ecological characterisiics of enterprises＇ competition, such as non-symmetry, crowded effect, density effect. competition-rejective effect, suitable resources niche and red queen effect etc., deduces the ecological model of enterprise＇ competition, and further analyzes enterprises＇ competition strategy; strategy R and strategy K. on the basis of enterprises＇ practices, Therefore enterprises＇ competition ecosystem theories have further been deepened and enriched.

Impact of Small Scale Irrigation Technologies on Poverty Alleviation among Peri-urban and Urban Farmers

Smallholder farms, mainly rain-fed dominate the agricultural sector in Ghana, accounting for about 80% of total production. Cultivation is mostly of indigenous and non-traditional varieties, characterized by low productivity, and compounded by production shocks due to environmental stresses. The research introduced vegetable farmers to better irrigation and compost management practices using the nuclear and isotopic techniques. On the average, yield of vegetables increase by 9.2% under irrigation and organic manure application compared to yield under the conventional method. Farmers saved 60%-70% of the total cost on water per acre using drip irrigation. Relative to conventional methods, farmers save at least US$70 per acre on fertilizer taking in to account cost of converting manure to compost. The result also revealed that, overall poverty gap among farmers who only depends on rain fall needed an additional 55% of the present income to attain minimum basket of their basic needs compared to 30% among some of those who irrigate in addition to rainfall. Results of our study have shown that farmers could gain financially, redeem themselves from poverty as well as improving their social conditions and ensure ecologically sustainable development with Small Scale Irrigation integrated with the right composting recipe.

Research on Development Mode of Industrial Circular Economy of Country

In recent years, the Industrial economy of country although maintained a high growth rate, but most industry which is still extensive economic growth mode. This paper taking Dong＇e County as an example, discusses the idea of circular economy in industrial applications, in the analysis of Situation and the existence questions of Dong＇e County Industrial Development Present, pushing forward circular eco-industrial development inevitability, Preliminary design of Dong＇e County recycling ecological industry development mode.

Eco-budget-A Model of Urban Environmental Management

In this paper, a new model of urban environmental resource management is introduced. The article analyzes the gap between urban environmental management and the management of economy and human resources. The significance, the key points, the implementation procedures, and steps of eco-budget cycle are discussed.

Study On The Sustainable Development Of The Endowment Insurance Fund In China

The sustainable development of the endowment insurance fund is the most basic fulcrum to the healthy development of the pension insurance system.The sustainable development of Chinese endowment insurance fund, we must adhere to the ＂wide coverage, basic, multi-level, The basic principle of sustainable ＂. In order to achieve the security of endowment insurance fund, sustainable development should be adopted .The countermeasures are： firstly, the implementation of sustainable legal raising mode; secondly, to determine the reasonable payment level, expanding .Large endowment insurance coverage;thirdly, to implement the State Administration by main market managementPrivate management and sustainable.

Research on the road landscape evaluation system with the emphasis on the landscape ecology

As the idea of the sustainable development wins support among the people, people have already realized that not only should the road have the transportation function, but we also should consider the rationality of the road construction fi＇om the multiple angles of the landscape ecology, and the visual art and so on. From the point of view of the landscape ecology, combined with the characteristics of the landscape ecology and the overall targets and requirements of the evaluation, this article constructs a three-tier system of indicators, uses the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model based on the analytic hierarchy process to evaluate the road landscape, and makes an empirical analysis with the evaluation of the road landscape fi＇om the Luoshi Road to the East Lake Road in the Second Loop of Wuhan City as an example.

4-8周岁儿童言语--手势否定行为发展实证研究

本研究以20名学龄前(4-6周岁)和20名学龄初期(6-8周岁)儿童为被试,在儿童自然交际视频语料基础上构建语料库,实证考察了4-8周岁汉语正常儿童言语-手势否定行为的发展特征。研究发现,虽然学龄前儿童仍要经过一段语言否定为主期,但4-8周岁汉语儿童总体上展现出对言语-手势协同否定的明显偏好,且儿童年龄越大,越倾向于在表征否定的同时利用两种模态的并列和增补关系对否定加以强化。手势方面,4-8周岁汉语儿童的否定手势交际能力更成熟,纯手势否定很少,而是呈现使用概念手势尤其是隐喻手势否定的偏好。

模态对应理论的历史、现状与未来——约翰·范本特姆教授访谈录

20世纪70年代曾被乔治·布勒斯誉为模态逻辑的黄金年代,因为模态逻辑的三大分支:完全性理论、对应理论和对偶理论等都在这一时期形成,这大致确定了模态逻辑的研究方向。荷兰阿姆斯特丹大学约翰·范本特姆教授(Johan van Benthem)是模态逻辑对应理论的主要贡献者之一,他1976年的博士论文《模态对应理论》以及1983年出版的《模态逻辑与经典逻辑》,成为模态对应理论的经典著作。2010年,科学出版社出版了张清宇和刘新文翻译的《模态对应理论》("逻辑之门——约翰·范本特姆经典著作"·卷Ⅲ),引起了国内学界对模态对应理论的关注和重视。为了能更清楚地了解模态对应理论的过去、现状和未来的发展趋向,我们组织了对范本特姆教授的访谈。

A Chess Master Model for Classroom Teaching and Teacher/Researcher Development

Tongji University and Beijing Foreign Studies University recently have set up a joint Multimodal, Multimedia, and Multi-environment Learning Research Lab （3-ML Lab for short） for in-service teachers to videotape their own classroom teaching so that they can reflect upon real-life performances. This paper presents an outline of a chess master model for in- service teacher development involving the use of the 3-ML Lab. The model consists of four essential components： （a） the design phase, （b） the performance phase, （c） the reflection phase, and （d） the application phase. A mini-case study is presented to demonstrate how the model works in practice. The model is evaluated against other models of teacher development as found in Wallace （1991）. A distinctive feature of the chess master model is its methodology in multimodal text analysis （MTA） as a way for critical self-reflection.

Relationship between Industrialization, Urbanization and Industrial Ecology in Western China: A Panel Vector Auto-Regression Model Analysis

As the foundation of modern economic development, industry is the engine of industrialized and urbanized development. Industrial ecology is a high-level form of industry that is achieved after it has reached a certain stage, which guides the coordinated industrial development balancing mankind and nature. The implementation of industrial ecology is an important method and effective approach to realize the sustainable development of industrialization and urbanization. In this article, based on the inter-provincial panel data of western China during 2003-2018, the spatial development trends of industrialization, urbanization and industrial ecology are analyzed, and an empirical method is employed to conduct a robustness test based on the Panel Vector Auto-Regression(PVAR) model to determine the long-term interactions among these three aspects. The results show that it is difficult to manifest the short-term causal relationships among industrialization, urbanization and industrial ecology. After lagging for three periods, they present the Granger causality, the industrial ecology and industrialization have promoted urbanization, and the coefficient for the influence of industrial ecology on urbanization is 0.4612. However, industrialization and urbanization have negative impacts on industrial ecology, and with a 1% increase in industrialization or urbanization, the industrial ecology will decline by 0.2261% or 0.2850%, respectively. With the continuation of the lagging period, industrial ecology will have better interpretability than industrialization and urbanization, and industrialization and eco-friendly development have strong self-accumulation development mechanisms, while the self-accumulation mechanism of urbanization is not obvious, and it might even have a decline. By fulfilling the role of the regional leading industry, the state of unbalanced internal development can be improved, so as to realize mutual promotion between industrialization and urbanization. By improving the utilization rates of resources and energy, efforts should be made to implement green production, significantly promote industrial ecology, and boost high-quality development of both the regional economy and society.

Advancement of the Qianyanzhou Mode in the New Period

In the early 1980s, to control soil and water loss in the rainy season and problems of water shortages in the dry season in the red soil hilly region of central Jiangxi, the academician team of Li Wenhua from Qianyanzhou Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences proposed a comprehensive muti-dimensional agriculture development mode known as the “Qianyanzhou Mode”. Since then, models for the forest-livestock-food ecosystem, forest-fruit-economy ecosystem, and land-water compound muti-dimensional system and others have been tested,demonstrated, promoted and used to solve major issues in ecological restoration and agricultural production. With the dawn of the new era, the Qianyanzhou Mode is being given new connotations. In order to reduce the use of pesticides and eliminate the use of antibiotics for improving the quality of agricultural products, increasing farmers’ income, and assisting in strategies for rural vitalization, Qianyanzhou Station is currently focusing on the development of experiments and demonstrations of green agricultural development modes, such as forest-fruit-fowl, hybrid paper mulberry-pig-fruit, grass-sheep(cattle)-fertilizer-fruit, hybrid paper mulberry-fish-goose, paddy-shrimp, and others. The goal of this new effort is to apply the wisdom of Qianyanzhou to the construction of the ecological civilization, including ecological environment protection and the prosperity of farmers in the old revolutionary base areas in central Jiangxi Province.

The Silk Road Economic Belt and Green Growth in the East of Russia

The Silk Road Economic Belt （SREB） opens new development opportunities for Russia in general, and its Eastern regions in particular, via larger-scale and multi-level international cooperation. The eastern regions of Russia, rich in natural resources, have traditionally focused on resource extraction. In the context of the SREB, the issues of environmental security in Eastern Russia come to the fore. Here, we propose tools for ＇diagnosis＇ if a chosen path of regional economic development proceeds according to the concept of a green economy. We use different indicators based on eco-intensity. We determine ecological-economic development trends in the Eastern border regions of Russia at the initial stage of the Silk Road Economic Belt formation to serve as a starting point and guideline for development processes within the SREB. If cooperation is directed to implementing the best Chinese production chains, significant improvements in the quality of economic growth in Russia will be achieved.

Eco-Industry: A New Pattern for Industrial Development

Eco -industry is a new pattern for industrial development. This paper briefly reviews the progress of eco -industry. The research work of Center for Industrial Ecology, Chemical Engineering Department, Tsinghua University is well introduced. Several academic issues that need further research are suggested from a system engineering point of view.