向内凝聚:中华民族共同体发展源力论析

中华民族共同体作为一种客观存在,既是中国历史连续性发展的产物,也是中华民族“向内凝聚”的历史结果。中华民族共同体经历了从自然、自在到自觉、自为的发展过程,即经历了从萌芽、形成、发展到成熟的四个阶段,这是中华民族“向内凝聚”的历史纵向逻辑。中华民族共同体的发展凝聚有着重要的动因要素,独特的自然地理空间、“大一统”的政治传统、多元一体的中华民族格局分别促成了中华民族共同体的地缘凝聚、政治凝聚与文明凝聚,这同时也成为中华民族“向内凝聚”的社会横向逻辑。“向内凝聚”由历史纵向逻辑和社会横向逻辑的纵向凝聚与横向凝聚形成了交错凝聚,即共同奋斗力、共同融合力和共同凝聚力的历史合力,交错凝聚合力又构成了中华民族共同体形成发展的逻辑本质,纵向凝聚、横向凝聚和交错凝聚形成了中华民族多向度凝聚合力“向内凝聚”,这一多向度的向内凝聚即中华民族共同体的发展源力。

Relation between Economic Development Level and Resource and Environment Carrying Capacity of Central Area of Yunnan Province Based on Decoupling Analysis

Based on the decoupiing theory and method, an indicator system was built for the relation between economic development level and resource and environment carrying capacity. And the study was carried out on decoupling degree and temporal changes of economic development level and resource and environment carrying ca- pacity in the central area of Yunnan Province. Results indicated that （i） the economic development level and resource and environment carrying capacity in the central area of Yunnan Province mainly experienced strong decoupling, weak decoupling, and ex- pansive negative coupling, and in general it was strong decoupling, and it took on re- verse ＂N＂ in temporal changes. （ii） Change rate of economic development level in the central area of Yunnan Province was greater than zero, but the amplitude of change was not large, while the change rate of resource and environment carrying capacity was negative in 2007-2008, and it was positive in the rest years; from 2007, it took on gradual expansion trend, and scissors difference gradually increased after experi- encing reverse ＂V＂ change. （iii） The strong decoupling was the main situation and it reached the peak value in T5 period and T6 pedod.

Analysis on Development Potential of Agricultural Resources of Farming System in Shandong Province

Based on the characteristics of agricultural resources and social resources in Shandong Province, the approaches of developing farming system potential were discussed, which provide important references for sustainable development of modern farming system.

PERSPECTIVE OF COAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA IN THE EARLY 2000'S

According to the Researches on Coal Development Strategies in China (1991 ~ 2020),the production scale of coal in China will increase to 2100 Mt in the year 2020 and the district layout of coal development and production will be diverted from the east to the central-west step by step. In addit1on, the multi-ply runnning struc ture-mines of the nation,the local and the village and town combined with produc tion scales of the large, the middle,and the small-will be kept. However,the tech nique of mining will be improved greatly.

Population and Environment:Necessary Transition Initiatives for Developing Countries

Now environment is an important topic in academic field.Many researches focus on the negative outcomes of nature which are being continually created by human and much attention has been paid to how the environment is protected through integrated research,movement and policy.But few studies are concentrated on population and environment and are to find out the interconnectivity and underlying mechanism that have an effect on people's preferring additional children and perception to environment.Many researchers claim that population growth is a great problem for environment but they do not provide the indepth integrated knowledge and mechanism that influence fertility trend and environmental problems.It is very crucial to develop practical and concrete initiatives to confirm a transition to reduce population growth and redirect the perception on population and environment.

Sustainable Energy Development Strategy in China

Energy and electrical power is very important in economy and society. China has faced an increasingly serious energy shortage in the past decade. On the other hand, energy consumption and power generation, releasing carbon dioxide and other gaseous emissions from fossil fuels, may pollute the environment. Nuclear power, as an alternative energy source, would reduce these gaseous emissions. Both global warming and sustainable energy supply can be solved to some extent by the application of nuclear power. In the aspects of regaining economic advantages, environmental protection, the security and reliability of energy, nuclear power has an obvious superiority. In this paper, we present the energy status in quo of China, and discuss ways to realize the sustainable development of energy and power.

Ecological Footprint Dynamics of Yunnan, China

A fundamental element of sustainable development is that humans live within nature's biological capacity. Quantifying this, however, remains a significant challenge for which there are many emerging tools. The concept of the Ecological Footprint is one such accounting tool for comprehensive assessment of the status of sustainable development, based on integration of resource consumption and land capacity, reflecting the human impact on the environment. A region's development is defined as unsustainable when the Ecological Footprint surpasses the biological capacity. In this paper, the Ecological Footprint concept was applied in assessing the development of Yunnan Province, China in a period between 1988 and 2006. The results showed that the Ecological Footprint per capita in Yunnan rose from 0.854 gha in 1988 to 2.11 gha in 2006. Ecological deficit, defined as when the human demand on the land surpasses the regions biological productive capacity, emerged in 1991 and quickly increased from 0.02 gha in 1991 to 1.05 gha in 2006. The increase in the ecological deficit is primarily a result of the rapid increase in population and consumption level. To achieve sustainable development in Yunnan, production and consumption rates need to be modified.

On China＇s Sustainable Development of Energy—Opportunity for the China＇s Nuclear Power Industry

According to the policy of reforming the power industry and accelerating the power construction of our country, by 2020, the national power consumption will be up to 3.6-3.7 trillion kilowatt-hours, the installed power-generating capacity is more than 800 million kilowatts. Therefore, the development of the China’s nuclear power industry faces good international and domestic environments and good historical opportunities. From the point of national energy security, economic development, and resource distribution, it is analyzed that China must develop the nuclear power in a more cost-effective style in this paper.

Role of Wind Power in Energy Development in China

In recent years,China has made significant achievements in optimizing its energy structure and tapping into renewable energy.Wind power,in particular,has been doubled in its development year by year between 2005-2009.However,wind power develops too fast,which is not harmonious with the power system,the industry structure and the policy mechanism.Therefore,it is necessary to find the fundamental causes for the issue.Based on the inherent features and practical issues of wind power development in China,the role of wind power in energy development is put forward through probing logically into three perspectives,i.e.energy utilization,energy development and the ultimate objectives of wind power development.The current wind power development should be grounded on the improvement of wind power industrialization system,the smart grid and the research on new energy storage technology so as to lay firm foundations for large-scale development of wind power in the future.

Problems and Prospects Faced by Chinese Higher Education Management in the Era of Globalization

The present and future international competitions, in the final analysis, are the talent competition. China is the world＇ s most populous nation, and it is the world＇ s most resource-rich countries of labor. Full development of human resources enhance the people＇ s level of education in general, which is today＇ s global trend of development of human resources in order to enhance the comprehensive national strength, but also the inevitable choice based on China＇ s basic national conditions of building a moderately prosperous society. It is faced with competition for talent era of knowledge economy, and it is in the face of economic globalization and integration trends in the face of China＇ s human resources situation. How to make heavy population burden into a country rich in human resources and how to play this advantage, how to create hundreds of millions of high-quality workers and technical personnel, innovative talents, education, especially higher education in China will play an increasingly important role.

The Analysis on the Sustainable Development of Scenic Spots' Competitive Power

Under the principle of sustainable development, this paper analyzes the factors influencing the competitive power of scenic spots, and sets up a set of evaluation index system, which considers environmental, ecological, social and economic benefits. According to the characteristic of the inder system, the principal component analysis is adopted to do comprehensive appraisal. In the case study this paper analyzes the competitiveness of scenic spots in Jiangsu province.

Developing newly emerging high-end industries in the low-carbon economy

Global warming has exerted severe challenges on the sustainable development of economic society and the food security,resource security,energy security and ecological security of the world.Low-carbon economy has become the current trend of the global economic development.Thus,the industrial development of China must seek the institutional innovation and technological innovation so as to improve the efficiency of energy.High-end industry has become the main factor of the future development of the economic society.Thus,to develop the high-end industry is an important approach to realize low-carbon economy.This paper explores the strategies of the development of newly emerging high-end industries against the background of low-carbon economy form such perspectives as effective use of resources,the improvement of independent innovative ability,and leading the high-end,high quality and high efficiency industries to the important region.

Research on the problem of delaying retiring age in China

In recent years, China＇s aging population continues to accelerate the process, so that our aging population and the pension system is generated between the sustainable development of the serious contradictions, resulting in a waste of human resources, increasing the operating pressure pensions, working hours inequity the negative impact on the existing retirement system challenges. Recently, the delay of the retirement age controversy sparked widespread concern in the community, the paper is as a starting point, a comprehensive analysis of the social contradictions of the current status of China＇s current retirement system, drawing on the successful adjustment of retirement abroad experience from multiple perspectives demonstrates the urgency of delayed retirement age and feasibility. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter proposes the research background and significance of the age of retirement, as well as domestic and foreign scholars on the issue of research in the retirement age. The second chapter describes the status of China＇s retirement system, the contradiction between the implementation of the background, family problems and the current retirement age and the aging population about three aspects. The third chapter analyzes the feasibility to extend the retirement age. Chapter IV presents a delayed retirement policies and recommendations, with emphasis on ＂flexible retirement system.＂

Electricity Sector Transitions in an after War Country： A Review of Afghanistan＇s Electricity

Afghanistan electricity sector has experienced many ups and downs of transitions from 1893 to date. With the growing global interest in Afghanistan rehabilitation, this paper presents an over view of Afghanistan electricity sector which includes the historical development trends, power generation potential, sustainable energy exploitation, electricity policy transition and immature policies experiences, and the legacy of the war. The lack of access to the basic information about Afghanistan power sector was one of the serious concerns of international donors and investors. Still, this information somehow has been kept in official documents wrap up. In this collection, the Afghanistan＇s electricity sector is pictured as a reference for Afghanistan electricity. It can be opening toward primary sources of Afghanistan electricity sector of the lessons learned and asset for researchers interesting in this topic.

A model of local labor market regulation of China in the transition period

With the establishment of labor market of China, market is playing a more and mare important role in allocation of human resources. However, with the transition of economy in China and industrial upgrading in recent years, many labor problems have occurred which do harm to the sustainable development of local economy. The paper researches on the labor market issues of China from the perspective of local labor market regulation. Firstly, it reviews the theories of local labor market regulation. And then the main components of local labor market regulation of China are identified and the evaluation index system is established. The results of analysis of the calculated output show that （1） the local labor market regulation of China has an obvious character of gradient distribution geographically and decreases gradually from east to west; （2） of all the regulations, the regulation of the development of human capital has the most significant impact on local economy currently which is followed by the regulation of labor relation and the regulation of market participation. As to the regulation of social security, it has no Significant impact on the development of local economy.

Electricity Generation and the Present Challenges in the Nigerian Power Sector

National development requires adequate electricity supply of which all activities--generation, transmission and distribution leading to it are capital-intensive in terms of funds, natural and human resources. The dwindling power sector government funding coupled with low private sector participation and weak level political will require creative and innovative solutions in addressing the power supply problem in Nigeria. Hence, this paper seeks to examine power sector privatization as a viable option.

On the Relationship between China and the International Energy Agency

As China needs to play a more active role in global energy governance, it must create a diversified, multi-level system to enhance energy security and to alleviate environmental pressures. A China-IEA bilateral relationship exists under an Association Initiative, but a stronger bond is needed. Though it is not an IEA member, China's massive energy needs makes it sensible that the two sides overcome existing obstacles that include OECD membership, statistical information issues and energy autonomy. In this regard an "IEA+China" might be a feasible model.

The Elite Strategies in the CIMS Subject of China 863 Program (1986-2000)

Manpower is the key factor to the success of the CIMS Subject of China 863 Program. Many manpower strategies have been used in the CIMS Subject, which include elite strategies, training and practicing strategies, and culture strategies. This paper is mainly about the elite strategies such as to discover the talents, to cultivate the elites and to establish the mechanism for the expert groups to work in team, echelon and vigor.

Developing bioenergy to tackle climate change：Bioenergy path and practice of Tianguan group

Biomass energy would become the most potential renewable energies, for whether wind power or photovoltaic, would be restricted by the nature thus cannot provide stable power, while biomass energy is the only renewable energy that can be used in the form of gas, liquid or solid stage, it could replace the fossil energy, lead a positive influence on the control of the greenhouse gases. Across the globe, the biomass produced through photosynthesis is about 200 Gt, or 99 Gtce per year. If 10% of the biomass is utilized, more than 4 Gt of fuel ethanol and other bioenergy products can be produced, equivalent to 4.13 Gt of petroleum consumed by the world in 2014. Therefore, bioenergy can be a feasible alternative to fossil energy.

Electricity Sector Development Trends in an After-war Country： Afghanistan Aspiration for an Independent Energy Country

The rapid change in economic growth and human civilization has led to a dramatic increase in energy utilization and electricity demand. That faces nations with the challenge of maintaining cost-effective and clean power energy production. This paper aims to present Afghanistan electricity sector development and energy resources exploitation in a broad context. With the global growing interest in Afghanistan rehabilitation, this paper presents energy development trends in Afghanistan. Besides, the future outlook up to 2032 and the challenges that face electricity sector are highlighted. This study tries to emerge the historical development, current status, and future direction of Afghanistan electricity sector till 2032, in a precise collection.