关中地区传统村落的聚落发展与文化传承共生协调评价及交互作用研究

传统村落具有乡村聚落和活态遗产的特殊属性。以关中地区14座典型传统村落为研究对象,从共生视角出发,构建传统村落的聚落发展与文化传承共生协调评价指标体系并进行测度,采用K-modes聚类分析对传统村落进行类型划分,运用偏最小二乘回归分析聚落发展和文化传承之间的交互作用。结果表明:(1)案例村落的聚落发展与文化传承总体共生水平为“初级”,其中聚落发展与文化传承均处于较低水平,但文化传承的非均衡性更高。(2)人口活力不足、经济发展滞后是阻碍传统村落聚落发展的关键因素,物质空间保存度低、传统文化活化利用不足严重阻滞传统村落的文化传承。(3)案例村落一半以上是均衡共生型,其次是内化提升型,文旅主导型较少。(4)传统村落的聚落发展与文化传承对彼此有正向激励作用和反向抑制作用,其中正向激励作用更大。研究结果为传统村落的聚落发展与文化传承共生协调发展提供了理论基础和科技支撑。

生态位理论视角在乡村聚落发展中的应用

生态学重要基础理论——生态位理论在乡村聚落发展研究中具有重要的参考价值。文章根据乡村聚落发展与资源环境条件的关系,初步探讨了生态位理论在乡村发展中的应用。具体表现为:生态位态势变化及生态位大小能够解释乡村聚落间发展差距;生态位适宜度可以为乡村聚落发展可持续性提供评价依据;生态位扩充则能够较好体现乡村聚落空间结构发展及演化机制,而生态位重叠和分离理论对城乡统筹协调发展具有一定的指导参考性。

高原山地聚落保护与发展的适应性研究——以拖潭村村庄建设规划为例

高原山地聚落地处复杂的自然环境,具有可建设用地上单元面积人口密集、自然及文化资源丰富、生态环境脆弱、工程建设复杂、山水景观独特等特点。在今天快速城镇化进程中,在适应性的前提下,对高原山地聚落保护与发展的研究,将延续其尊重自然、适应环境发展的人居环境建设思想和乡土建筑中长期适应后形成的生态理念,为科学、可持续地进行高原山地建设,提供理论与实践基础。基于此,该文以拖潭村村庄建设规划为例,对其所处自然环境、民族文化背景、空间形态进行分析,旨在提出与其未来发展相符合,并与其所在高原山地自然环境相适应的人居环境建设策略。

汾河流域城乡聚落体系发展潜能测度及空间模式探究

以11188个自然聚落斑块为研究对象,基于场强模型,定量测度汾河流域城乡聚落体系发展潜能,借助GIS技术和地理探测器模型,分析其空间格局特征及驱动因素,进而探讨流域城乡融合发展空间模式。结果表明:①城乡聚落斑块发展潜能差异显著,且空间分布极不均衡;纵向上中游流域高于下游流域高于上游流域,横向上河谷盆地区高于周边缓丘区高于两侧山丘区。②聚落斑块发展潜能具有正向空间自相关性,高值斑块聚类显著;具有空间异质性特征且方向性明显,汾河主河道方向联动效应最强,空间联系最紧密;存在局域热点区,并呈现"主核–廊道–次核"的空间结构形态。③自然基础、社会经济发展水平和区位条件共同影响着城乡聚落体系发展潜质及空间结构形态;融合发展采取非均衡增长路径,市、县、镇、村全局考虑,构建"强化核心点–培育发展轴–扶持特色区–带动全流域"的逐层推进式空间发展模式。

哈尼族聚落形成与发展探究——以元阳县大瓦遮等村为例

本文梳理了云南省元阳县哈尼族村寨大瓦遮、大鱼塘、哈单普、阿者科、牛倮普、爱村六个自然村的发展历史;从海拔高度、坡度分析了该六村的村落选址;而后探究了该六村的林田分布以及建筑形式。哈尼族聚落的形成与人口数量和耕地面积息息相关,越古老的村寨人口数量越多且人均耕地越少;聚落的发展受保护政策和经济发展等影响,历史背景相近的村寨风貌各不相同。

基于生态保护的山区乡村聚落发展评价研究——以福建省永泰县为例

本文以永泰县为例,选取坡度、土壤类型、多年平均降雨量、归一化植被指数、土地利用类型作为生态环境评价因子,构建生态脆弱性评价体系;选取乡镇总人口、耕地面积、农民人均收入、工业总产值、农业总产值、参加农村新型合作医疗人数、道路通达性作为乡村聚落发展评价因子,构建山区乡村聚落发展水平评价体系。通过空间叠加分析法得出基于生态环境保护的永泰县乡村聚落发展评价。结果表明:永泰生态环境属微度脆弱—中度脆弱等级(EVI≤0.6);永泰县乡村聚落综合发展空间分布呈中部高,四周低;基于生态保护的乡村聚落发展评价分为积极发展、转型发展、退出利用和限制发展4种类型,面积分别为356.73 hm^(2)、683.46 hm^(2)、1162.94 hm^(2)、37.87 hm^(2),分别占总面积的15.92%、30.50%、51.89%、1.69%。

乡村聚落群结构分形性特征研究——以浙江省平湖县为例

利用概率累积曲线与频率曲线分析浙江省平湖县乡村聚落群的聚落组成特点 ,初步认为本区聚落群由发展聚落、现存聚落、残遗聚落所组成。应用Hausdorff维数 ,以乡为单位 ,测算并分析了平湖县乡村聚落群的等级体系结构与组成特征 ;在乡级聚落群体系中 ,残遗聚落与发展聚落不属于无标度区 ;在县级聚落群体系中 ,残遗聚落不属于无标度 ,大多数发展聚落属于无标度区。定性分析了乡村聚落群结构分形性形成演化过程 ,表明聚落分形为多重分形 。

合肥市周边地区乡村聚落空间结构量化研究

本研究主要对合肥市周边地区乡村聚落的聚居特征和空间组构进行了量化分析。通过对多个乡村聚落的走访调研,选取了5个典型聚落样本,运用GIS和Depthmap软件对聚落的聚居特征和骨架结构进行分析,并结合对于聚落的实地调查,得出聚落的空间结构特征和成因,从而提出聚落更新发展中空间格局的保护及优化建议。

“千城一面”困局如何破解

聚落是指人类居住的场所,包括乡村聚落与城镇聚落.聚落是居住者童忆乡愁的物质载体,聚落的发展有多种模式,与居住者人口规模的变化密切相关.面对聚落发展"千城一面"的问题,需要以人为本设定适当的聚落发展变化率,从根本上加以解决.

AGGLOMERATION AND RADIATION EFFECT OF THE PULL OF URBANIZATION

In order to explore the train of thought for China’s urbanizing development and coordinated rural economic development, and to find good ways of solving rural problems through urbanization, this paper absorbs the push-and-pull forces theory and the systematic dynamic theory in the traditional population migration theories, views urbanization as a dynamic system, makes research on the push-and-pull mechanism of urbanization. The pulling power of urbanization is analyzed according to two aspects, the agglomeration effect and the radiation effect of cities. The agglomeration effect provides continuous propelling force for urbanization, and the radiation effect further accelerates the urbanization process by pushing forward the development of rural economy. Of course, the slow development of urbanization can result in the hindrance to rural economic development.

基于乡土文化的教学设计——以“交通运输布局影响聚落发展”为例

乡土文化源于学生家乡故土的地域环境。将乡土文化素材融入中学地理教学,有利于培育学生的乡土文化情结,增强对家乡的热爱和自豪之情,进而落实地理核心素养的培养。文章以“交通运输布局影响聚落发展”内容为例,以隆昌市为区域背景,借助成渝古驿道文化和隆昌夏布文化来设计教学,认为教师应将传承乡土文化与地理教学相结合。

Regional Developmental Problems of the Rural Settlements in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The paper considers developmental problems of the rural settlements in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which are results of long-term disparity in the regional development in the period 1991-2012. In this paper it is considered the recent migration from rural to urban areas and the depopulation of the rural areas. The result of these trends reflects the development of the new infrastructure and tertiary activities. In these investigations, statistical data processed and geovisualised in GIS were used. The obtained data indicate extremely unequable regional arrangement of the population in the rural areas and socio-economic development.

Study on the Requirements for Sustainable Settlement Development for Low Income Community in Indonesia

Sustainable development of a new settlement is a development that considers the economic, social, and environmental aspects in the endeavor to accomplish sustainable living development. Significant increase of population, urbanization, migration, and difficult condition in acquiring land, especially in downtown areas, have influence the provision of houses and residential environment. This generates new communities that built new settlements to fulfill their needs, without considering the sustainable development aspect. Government＇s interference with housing development for the people＇s welfare, especially for low income communities, has also shown the lack of sustainable elements. On the other hands, the communities of traditional settlements that have been survived for hundred years, is a living examples of sustainable development practices. It was observed that in the traditional settlement, principle of togetherness for sharing the common goods has been successfully implemented for sustaining their living conditions. This paper disclosed this traditional wisdom as a precondition for sustainable development in building a new settlement. Two types of settlements have been contrasted for this purpose, one is the traditional lhamahu village in Central Maluku province, and the other is a government funded of new settlement at Bumi Teluk Jambe in West Java province. Among the results is a framework for incorporating the requirements for sustainable development into the new settlement project, such as the Bumi Teluk Jambe project.