对策论的解概念与经济竞争行为分析—兼介1994年诺贝尔经济学奖得主对发展解概念的贡献

对策论的解概念与经济竞争行为分析—兼介１９９４年诺贝尔经济学奖得主对发展解概念的贡献俞迎达对策论（ｇａｍｅｔｈｅｏｒｙ），又译名博奕论，游戏论，是一门研究相互影响着的个人（或集体）进行竞于策略选择的科学。数十年来，对策论和经济学研究相互依存着发展，已...

矿井通风网络解算软件研究综述

通过对国内外网络通风软件资料研究,围绕网络解算软件的理论基础、功能模块、主要研究方向等进行了综述.阐述了通风网络软件的发展现状及完善过程,总结了网络解算的发展特点,为矿井通风网络解算软件设计人员提供了一定参考.

形变映射法及在一类MKdV方程中的求解应用研究

形变映射法是求解非线性发展方程的一种有效方法,借助于计算机代数几何系统,得到了一类非线性波动方程与非线性Klein-Gordon(NKG)方程特殊类型解之间的代数映射关系,由此给出方程的许多显示精确解。并且由这些解再次映射出了一类MKdV方程的行波解,在物理学的研究方面具有重要的指导意义。

无穷维随机微分方程的稳定性

本文主要考察确定性ｋ值随机微分方程（Ⅰ）ｄｘｔ＝Ａｘｔｄｔ和关于Ｈ值Ｃ．Ｂ．

论马克思的人理哲学与改革的人理基础

一、提出人理概念的历史必然性共产主义运动作为人类历史的伟大革命运动,以两个相关的目标为标志:其一是生产力的解放和发展,另一是人的解放和发展.并且,后者以前者为基础而前者以后者为目的.正由于这样,社会主义国家,特别是经济发展还较落后的国家,目前都在倾其全力发展社会生产力.

我国三十五年来的中美关系史研究

一、两个阶段的发展解放以来中美关系史的研究大体上可分为两个阶段:1949——1979年为第一阶段;1979——现在为第二阶段。第一阶段。1949——1979年新中国建立以后,中美关系史的研究是在中美两国之间激烈对抗的历史条件下开始的。到1979年三十年中(十年“文化大革命”中这一领域的研究基本停顿。实际上只有二十年不到的时间)共出版了二十多部专著和小册子,发表了论文和文章220多篇。这与解放前将近五十年(1901——1949年)中文章不过300多篇,专著更少的情况相比。

危旧房改造存在问题与对策

危旧房改造工作是关系数百万市民生活的大事,同时也是发展工程、形象工程,关系到城市的未来趋向,因此危旧房改造既要切实改善老百姓的生活质量,又要立足城市的长期可持续发展;既要加快居民居住条件的改善,又要保护好城市风貌,只有以超常规的思路,才能带来城市跨越式地进步,赢得未来发展的时间和空间,实现城市结构优化,并最终使百姓受益。危旧房改造的实践,需要走出一条从老百姓的根本利益、长远利益出发,不断改革创新,依靠发展解开难题的轨迹之路。

Existence results for a class of parabolic evolution equations in Banach spaces

We discuss the existence results of the parabolic evolution equation d(x(t)+g(t,x(t)))/dt+A(t)x(t)=f(t,x(t)) in Banach spaces, where A(t) generates an evolution system and functions f,g are continuous. We get the theorem of existence of a mild solution, the theorem of existence and uniqueness of a mild solution and the theorem of existence and uniqueness of an S-classical (semi-classical) solution. We extend the cases when g(t)=0 or A(t)=A.

Advancement of Structural Botany in the Past Fifty Years in China

Structural botany, being derived from plant anatomy, has been considered as an important branch of botany, both in concept and practice. In this paper, a review concerning the evolutionary trends of development from plant developmental anatomy to plant developmental biology, plant comparative anatomy to plant systematic biology and plant ecological anatomy to plant environmental biology during the past 50 years in China is addressed and their potential development and usefulness in the near future were largely discussed.

Anti-periodic solutions to a class of second-order evolution equations

In this paper we discuss the anti-periodic problem for a class of abstractnonlinear second-order evolution equations associated with maximal monotone operators in Hilbertspaces and give some new assumptions on operators. We establish the existence and uniqueness ofanti-periodic solutions, which improve andgeneralize the results that have been obtained. Finally weillustrate the abstract theory by discussing a simple example of an anti-periodic problem fornonlinear partial differential equations.

教育部部署2002年工作

教育部党组书记、部长陈至立在2001年12月26日召开的教育部年度教育工作会议上部署2002年教育工作时强调,在新的一年里,要继续高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜,切实把党中央、国务院关于教育工作的一系列方针政策落在实处;要继续坚持树立正确的发展观,继续坚持发展为主题,依靠发展解决前进中的各种矛盾和问题;要进一步解放思想,与时俱进。

Analysis of Drought Changes and Drought Mitigation in Xiji County of Ningxia

[Objective] The aim was to study the characteristics of the changes of extreme weather climate incidents such as severe drought in northwest and rainstorm in Xiji County of Ningxia. [Method] Precipitation anomaly percentage was applied to divide drought level and for statistics analysis. Seasonal index, linear tendency, and 5-years gliding average were used to reflect the trend of drought changes. The circulation wave of temporal sequence used polynomial expression to simulate the interannual variation scale. The positive part of the polynomial expression used bar chart to simulate interannual variation scale. [Result] The index of drought season from November to June was large. The general trend of annual drought was increasing. The drought of interannual scale was most serious around 1977, about 15 and 20 years. The drought in recent years went up. The general situation of drought, interannual scale and changes of interannual scales from March to May and from September to October were discussed. Based on the weather at 500 hPa, the first rain in Xiji and the drought-turning-into-rain situation were classified. [Conclusion]These may provide reference value to the prevention and mitigation of drought.

Development of a miniature silicon wafer fuel cell using L-ascorbic acid as fuel

In the current studies a miniature silicon wafer fuel cell(FC) using L-ascorbic acid as fuel was developed. The cell employs L-ascorbic acid and air as reactants and a thin polymer electrolyte as a separator. Inductively coupled plasma(ICP) silicon etching was employed to fabricate high aspect-ratio columns on the silicon substrate to increase the surface area. A thin platinum layer deposited directly on the silicon surface by the sputtering was used as the catalyst layer for L-ascorbic acid electro-oxidation. Cyclic voltammetry shows that the oxidation of L-ascorbic acid on the sputtered platinum layer is irreversible and that the onset potentials for the oxidation of L-ascorbic acid are from 0.27 V to 0.35 V versus an Ag/AgCl reference electrode. It is found that at the room temperature,with 1 mol/L L-ascorbic acid/PBS(phosphate buffered solution) solution pumped to the anode at 1 ml/min flow rate and air spontaneously diffusing to the cathode as the oxidant,the maximum output power density of the cell was 1.95 mW/cm2 at a current density of 10 mA/cm2.

River Rafting in Mountainous Regions of Uttarakhand:Impacts,Suggested Mitigation Measures and Sustainability

Uttarakhand state in India is well known for its mountainous ecosystems, traditional communities and a variety of ecotourism destinations. Among various tourism activities, River Rafting along the banks of the Ganges River has increased tremendously for two decades, and has had unprecedented impacts on the traditional communities and the bio-diversity. Therefore, it is meaningful to do a comprehensive study on the various impacts associated with river rafting so as to suggest the pathways to achieve the environmental sustainability in this region. In this study, we collected primary data from randomly selected population units across all stake holders such as local people （n = too）, and camp personnel （n = 22）, through a pre-tested questionnaire survey between August 2009 and May 2010. The questionnaire contains issues on culture, social, economic, institutional and associated perceived impacts on pollution and biodiversity including views for sustainability. Secondary information was also collected from various sources and government records to supplement and strengthen the analysis. The impacts were analyzed qualitatively through a ranking mechanism to facilitate the decision making process. The perception of the interviewee about the various possible impacts of rafting was discussed with mitigating mechanism. The ranking analysis as percollected data reveals that economy and education of local community was improved significantly; however aquatic and terrestrial fauna, social cohesion and pollution （water, air, land） were significantly deteriorated. The results show that the existing practices are not sufficient to address the adverse impacts. Improvement in practices is necessary, mainly in the policy regime. Based on the analysis, some measures are recommended on how to protect community interest and environment with the development of river rafting as an ecotourism opportunity.

Water Status in Baghdad

Water is a strategically limited natural resource, and currently Iraq is in the grip of an extended drought period. It is needed to look for alternative water sources and work towards achieving high level of sustainability. Measurements for gray water samples were carried out including pH, EC （electrical conductivity）, TDS （total dissolved solids）, TS （total solids）, TSS （total suspended solids）, DO （dissolved oxygen）, BOD5 （biochemical oxygen demand）, COD （chemical oxygen demand）, alkalinity, chlorides （Cl）, calcium （Ca）, sodium （Na）, magnesium （Mg）, potassium （K）, lead （Pb）, TC （total coliforms）, TF （total fecal coliforms）, and nitrate （NO3）. The goals of this study are to estimate quantities of fresh water consumption and gray water generated in typical Baghdadian households, and to investigate gray water quality （physical, chemical and biological）. The major results can be summarized as follows： （1） The daily water consumption in Baghdad ranged from 75 Lpcd to 176 Lpcd with an average of 116 Lpcd; （2） the maximum daily consumption in Baghdad ranged from 124 Lpcd to 327 Lpcd with an average of 186 Lpcd; （3） the maximum hourly consumption in Baghdad ranged from 154 Lpcd to 900 Lpcd with an average of 308 Lpcd; （4） gray water generation in Baghdad ranged from 34 Lpcd to 139 Lpcd with an average of 68 Lpcd, and that gray water generated constituted 58% to 72% of total consumption.

Task Decomposition Technique's Deduction and Application of Product Developing Process in Concurrent Engineering

Task decomposition is a kind of powerful technique increasingly being used within industry as a pathway for achieving product's developing success. In this paper, topology's concept in modern mathematics is used for task decomposition technique's deduction in product developing process. It puts fonvard the views of resolvability, measurability and connectivity of tasks and their practi-cal principles. Combined with an example of developing the typical mechanical product, it ex-plains the implementing method of task decomposition in Concurrent Engineering (CE).

Comment on “Computer Algebra and Solutions to the Karamoto-Sivashinsky Equation” [Commun. Theor. Phys. （Beijing, China） 43 （2005） 39]

In a recent article [Commun. Theor. Phys. (Beijing, China) 43 (2005) 39], Xie et al. improved the extended tanh function method by introducing a generalized Riccati equation and its new solutions. Then they choose the Karamoto-Sivashinsky (KS) equation to illustrate their approach and obtain many exact solutions of the KS equation.So they claim that, by using their method, one not only can successfully recover the previously known formal solutions but also construct new and more general formal solutions for some nonlinear evolution equations. In this comment, we will show that the claim is incorrect.

Existence and Uniqueness of the Solution of Nonlinear Population Evolution Equations

This paper discusses the nonlinear Age-structured population dynamics. The existence and uniqueness of the equation have been proved.

Tax Policy Impact on the Entrepreneurial Development in Latvia

According to the first National documents, it is obvious that before joining the EU, Latvian tax policy goals were to promote economic growth and investment providing a stable business environment and to provide of competitiveness in Latvia. Before joining the EU, one of the main aspects of the tax policies in Latvia was reducing the tax burden business in order to promote sustainable development and economic competitiveness. Moreover, the emphasis was set on consumption rather than income tax, thus, contributing to capital accumulation and investment. It is important to take into account the business views because they are the core, which in the most tax deductions to the state budget. This study surveyed in 2013 and found out entrepreneurs＇ attitude of the government and tax policy on business processes. The paper came to the conclusion, that too heavy tax burden really interferes with new enterprises and business in general. The survey analyze provide real abidance, that modem tax policy in Latvia does not take into account the economic crisis impact on business. The tax policy plays the key role for Latvian business competitiveness. Therefore, it is convinced that the existing tax policy has to be revised by relevant authorities.

The Kitchen： An Architectural Mirror of Everyday Life and Societal Development

This paper is part of a research project that analyses trends in housing architecture over the past 100 years. The research aims toshow how changing norms and new forms of everyday life have altered our views on housing and have led to fundamental changes in housing architecture. In this paper the analysis focuses particularly on the kitchen. A hundred years ago tile kitchen of the bourgeoisie and the middleclass was only used by servants and other employees. Accordingly, the design of the kitchen was not a task for architects at all. However, during the 20th century the kitchen became an important architectural focal point. In the early part of the century architects considered it a practical workspaceto beimproved through rational analysis. Later on the kitchen was seen as a space with great social qualities, and the informal character of the kitchen was developed and exported to the rest of the dwelling. Today the kitchen has become the central space in many dwellings, but as the dwelling is increasingly being rendered representative value, modem kitchens are designed with emphasis on their aesthetic appearance. They are ＂life-style kitchens＂, which demonstrate the ＂good taste＂ of the residents and reflect their personalities.