某针刺延期雷管发火率及延时精度优化

针刺延期雷管的发火率及延时精度是其安全性与可靠性的重要指标。通过在原针刺药基础上外加混制6%的四氮烯,利用四氮烯与羧氮的共同作用增强了针刺感度,保证发火率达到100%。在此基础上通过优化压药工艺、改进装配结构等措施,显著提高了延期雷管的发火率及延时精度。

风速对子弹引信发火率的影响

在子母弹子弹抛撒后的运动过程中,有可能受到风速这一不稳定外部因素的影响,有必要研究风速对子弹引信发火率的影响。过去的一些学者曾对子弹引信安全系统以及尾带的气动力特性等方面进行研究,以改进子弹的工作性能,从而提高发火率,例如文献[1]提出的子弹引信安全系统,根据仿真的结果,提出了改进建议;文献[2]通过分析子弹尾带对子弹落姿和可靠性的影响,通过机理分析和试验验证得出了相关参数的优化调整方案;文献[3]从子母弹子弹开舱与抛撒环境着手,分析子弹运动状态和影响子弹稳定性的主要因素,从而提高子弹引信解除保险和子弹终点毁伤的可靠性;然而在子弹抛撒后的运动过程中,风速这一不稳定的外部因素极有可能影响子弹的正常工作,这一外界干扰因素往往被人们所忽视,横向风速对子弹发火率的影响有可能超乎人们的想象,目前对此的研究甚少,因此分析风速对子弹发火率的影响,对子弹引信的设计以及在规定风速条件下进行生产验收是很有必要的。

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定稀土发火合金中镧、铈、镨、钕的含量

稀土发火合金是指利用混合稀土金属（以铈为主的铈族元素）与铁以及少量的镁、锌、铜等冶炼而成的合金。该合金具有发火率高、硬度大、耐腐蚀及耐磨等特点,广泛应用于工业、国防和民用等领域。稀土发火合金在民用中主要用于打火石。

我国稀土发火合金的生产、应用及市场

前言 稀土发火合金是利用混合稀土金属（以铈为主的稀土合金）与纯铁及少量镁、锌、铜等制成的一种功能材料。1903年，奥地利科学家冯·威尔斯巴赫最先发明了稀土发火合金，并用于制造民用打火石。随后，美国、德国、日本等国家也先后用其生产出了打火石，以满足这些国家的各种相应需求。由于这种合金具有良好的物化性能，在实际应用中呈现出了发火率高、硬度大，耐腐蚀及耐磨性能好等特点，近几十年来在民用和国防领域得到了广泛应用。

新型人工增雨炮弹性能分析

针对现用人工增雨炮弹引信发火率低和爆炸碎片过大的技术缺陷,生产厂家研发生产出新型产品07型人工增雨炮弹。为方便人工影响天气部门管理者和作业人员尽快熟悉新型增雨炮弹性能,分析了新、旧型增雨炮弹的特性,并对其结构、原理给予比较,以便于人工影响天气作业人员安全使用。

油气井用回声弹测试装置

为科学公正的评价油气井用回声弹的产品质量,通过对油气井用回声弹产品作用原理分析,研制并建立了油气井用回声弹发火率和爆声声级的检验测试系统。该系统主要由击发装置、控制器、外部电源和接收装置组成,采用标准声级计作为接收装置,接收回声弹的爆声声级信号,信号接收稳定。对采集数据分析和处理,能够科学公正的评价回声弹产品质量,保证了检验工作的科学性和准确性。半自动油气井用回声弹击发装置为全自动回声弹检验技术奠定了基础。

超千米极复杂综放工作面回采技术的应用

该文介绍了星村煤矿在东翼二采区E3207综放工作面面临着"三高一深一复杂"(高地温、高地压、高发火率、开采深度-1360m、地质条件极为复杂)等众多不利因素的条件下,采用综放开采技术,完成了超1300m深井极其复杂条件下安全开采,为今后超深井开采的研究及发展积累了宝贵的技术经验。

底-6乙式底火敏感度曲线

对底-6乙式底火敏感度曲线进行了研究，提出现行资料中敏感度曲线中间点发火率要求的不合理性。

简化Probit法的应用

文中介绍简化Probit法的应用方法,并将简化Probit法与Probit法进行了对比,该法可用于感度试验设计与分析.

通用步枪的未来发展——二战跨世纪的步枪

19世纪的技术革新，把枪械的性能推向另一个层次。首先是火帽击发，让引火药的装填速度和发火率都增加，克服了气候障碍。米尼埃弹头的出现使得膛线燧发枪的发身速度超前增快。最后出现的则是后膛装填以及铜壳自封弹的出现。然而在19世纪中期一系列的技术革新当中，步兵战术的演化速度反而是追着武器的进化在跑。美国内战时，北军已经有部队采用至少3种后膛装填步枪——夏普骑枪（Sharps）。亨利步枪（Henry rlfle）以及斯宾塞步枪（Spencer rifle），但是因为相当复杂的后勤以及个人因素。交战双方都仍然大量使用前膛枪，密集队型以及横队排枪。1886年普奥战争，普鲁士陆军的步兵已经配发后膛装填步枪，但是奥匈帝国及其日耳曼盟邦则仍然在使用前膛步枪，纵使其威力较大，仍不敌可以卧姿装填的优势。

表面粗糙度对产品质量影响的一例——08引信瞎火原因分析

1992年我厂研制的08引信在国家靶场进行设计定型试验时,174发引信发火性试验,仅有一发引信瞎火,其发火率相当高,从而通过了设计定型。但是,在1994年生产定型的通关批制造过程中,该引信的质量出现了异常,引信瞎火率高达50%以上。为寻找引信瞎火原因。

Air-entrained Concrete： Relationship between Thermal Conductivity and Pore Distribution Analyzed by X-Ray Tomography

The thermal conductivity values of ordinary concrete can be adjusted to those prescribed in constructions by entraining air bubbles to reduce the density of concrete in order to achieve good thermal insulation. This paper concerns the analysis of air bubble distribution in concrete obtained by micro X-ray μCT （computed tomography） and correlates it with its thermal conductivity （k）. The samples were prepared of ordinary concrete varying the density by air-entraining additives, ranging between 2,277 kg/m3 and 1,779 kg/m3, aiming to correlate the mechanical properties and k with the characteristics of the bubble distribution. The results show that air-entrainment leads to viable use of this material as sealer to achieve good thermal insulation, and it can be adjusted, but there seems to be a limit to air entraining. By analysis of the μCT images, it was possible to correlate the more quantity of bubbles of smaller diameter with the minor k, in dry or wet state, and to prove that there is a limit in the entrapped air content, and if it is exceeded, the coalescence occurs.

稀土发火合金的生产应用及市场

本文介绍了稀土发火合金的原料、生产工艺、质量与产量;简述了该合金的应用情况;阐明了产品的国内外市场,针对存在问题提出了一些建议。

Experimental Researches of a Hydrogen Fuelled SI Engine

The paper presents the results of the experimental research which was carried out on the spark ignition engine, experimental model, fuelled with hydrogen by direct injection method, using qualitative load adjustment method for engine running control. Also, the hydrogen injection solution at the beginning of the compression stroke, after the inlet valve closing, assures the cylinder cooling by inlet air avoiding in that way uncontrolled ignition phenomena and inlet back fire. Using this fueling method avoided the abnormally hydrogen combustion phenomena＇s for stoichiometric dosage operating conditions, achieving -30 % engine power increase. Hydrogen engine runs with very lean mixtures, due to engine load qualitative adjustment, a dosage value that leads to a reduction of the engine power with -25% from maximum power value. This provides a higher engine efficiency at low loads, the best results was obtained for λ=2- 4 air-fuel ratio values. The influence of the mixture quality on burning process, on polluting and energetically engine performances at the fuelling with hydrogen using direct injection method are presented. Because of the higher combustion temperature, the NOx emission level is higher for λ=1 - 2 comparative to gasoline fuelled engine, but decreases a lot for leaner mixture values, λ〉2.5.

The parameters in the band-anticrossing model for In_xGa_(1-x)N_yP_(1-y) before and after annealing

We investigate the parameters in the band-anticrossing (BAC) model for GaNP and InGaPN in this work. The parameters in the BAC model for GaNP and InGaNP are obtained by fitting experimental data. It is found that the band gap bowing of InGaNP is stronger than that of InGaNAs. The effects of annealing on the parameters in the BAC model for InGaNP are also discussed in this work. In addition, the origins for improving luminescence efficiency by annealing are explained. It is relative to the forming of more In-N clusters.

The effects of EGR and ignition timing on emissions of GDI engine

The effects of EGR and ignition timing on engine emissions and combustion were studied through an experiment carried out on an air-guided GDI engine.The test results showed that the ignition timing significantly affected the GDI engine emissions,that the NOx emissions significantly reduced when the ignition timing was retarded,and that NOx emissions decreased with the EGR level increasement.A higher EGR rate could reduce CO emissions while the CO emissions were less affected by the ignition timing.The HC emissions decreased at a lower EGR rate.At 2500 r/min,an appropriate EGR rate could cut down CO emissions.The exhaust gas temperature could significantly decrease with improving the EGR rate,and the exhaust gas temperature at 2500 r/min was clearly higher than that at 1850 r/min.The nucleation mode particles increased clearly,the accumulation mode particle number decreased gradually with the increase of EGR rate,and the typical particle size of nucleation mode particle was in the range of 10–25 nm.

Uncertainty analysis and probabilistic design optimization of hybrid rocket motors for manned lunar landing

To obtain a conceptual design for a hybrid rocket motor(HRM)to be used as the Ascent Propulsion System in the Apollo lunar module,the deterministic design optimization(DDO)method is applied to the HRM design.Based on the results of an uncertainty analysis of HRMs,an uncertainty-based design optimization(UDO)method is also adopted to improve the design reliability.The HRM design process,which is a multidisciplinary system,is analyzed,and a mathematical model for the system design is established to compute the motor performance from the input parameters,including the input variables and model parameters.The input parameter uncertainties are quantified,and a sensitivity analysis of the model parameter uncertainties is conducted to identify the most important model parameter uncertainties for HRMs.The DDO and probabilistic UDO methods are applied to conceptual designs for an HRM to be used as a substitute for the liquid rocket motor(LRM)of the Ascent Propulsion System.The conceptual design results show that HRMs have several advantages as an alternative to the LRM of the Ascent Propulsion System,including nontoxic propellant combination,small motor volume,and comparable functions,such as restarting and throating.Comparisons of the DDO and UDO results indicate that the UDO method achieves more robust and reliable optimal designs than the DDO method.The probabilistic UDO method can be used to develop better conceptual designs for HRMs.