目的:探讨两种自发热装置在寒区战伤救护低温输液中的应用效果。方法:选取一次性输液加温贴、一次性加温棒为伤员输液加温,比较分析两种自发热装置的性能及加热效果。结果:一次性输液加温贴的平均重量约为70 g,体积约为60 cm 3;一次性...目的:探讨两种自发热装置在寒区战伤救护低温输液中的应用效果。方法:选取一次性输液加温贴、一次性加温棒为伤员输液加温,比较分析两种自发热装置的性能及加热效果。结果:一次性输液加温贴的平均重量约为70 g,体积约为60 cm 3;一次性加温棒的重量约为200 g,体积约为550 cm 3。当环境温度12℃、输液滴速60 gtt/min时,使用两种自发热装置后,输液器出口处药液温度均可达32℃~34℃。结论:两种自发热装置均具有遇空气自动升温、结构设计合理、不需外接电源、发热持续时间长、体积小、重量轻、携带方便、操作简单等特性,适用于寒区战伤救护低温输液时使用。展开更多
With the consideration of the thermal management and heat sink requirements,a cooling device is designed and the thermal resistance of this device is calculated with a single 5 W power LED.The thermal design of a sing...With the consideration of the thermal management and heat sink requirements,a cooling device is designed and the thermal resistance of this device is calculated with a single 5 W power LED.The thermal design of a single 5 W power LED is reasonable,effective and the result has been simulated.This design also instruct other power LEDs' thermal design.Provided is a reliable and effective method for the design of power LED illumination lamps and lanterns.展开更多
Though TES （thermal energy storage） is developed hugely in most of the solar power generation plants, it is less growth in implementing a modular type of TES in a solar plant, e.g., solar dish/stifling engine applic...Though TES （thermal energy storage） is developed hugely in most of the solar power generation plants, it is less growth in implementing a modular type of TES in a solar plant, e.g., solar dish/stifling engine application. The main issue in designing the TES system is its thermal capacity of storage materials, e.g., insulator. This study is focusing on the potential waste material as an insulator for thermal energy storage applications. The insulator usage is to reduce the heat transfer between two mediums and the capability is measured by its resistance to heat flow. It is needed to obtain optimal materials to energy conversion at the same time reduce the waste generation. Therefore, a small-scale experimental testing of natural cooling process of an insulated tank within a confined room without any forced cooling system, e.g., fan. The testing is repeated by changing the insulator using the potential waste material from natural and industrial waste and also by changing the HTF （heat transfer fluid）. The analysis is performed on the relationship between heat loss and the reserved period by the insulator. The results indicate the percentage of period of the insulated tank withstands the heat compared to non-insulated tank, e.g., cotton reserved the period of 14% more than non-insulated tank to withstand the heat transfer of cooking oil to the surrounding. The paper finally justifies the most potential waste material as an insulator in different heat transfer fluids.展开更多
Interfacial solar-steam generation is a promising and cost-effective technology for both desalination and wastewater treatment.This process uses a photothermal evaporator to absorb sunlight and convert it into heat fo...Interfacial solar-steam generation is a promising and cost-effective technology for both desalination and wastewater treatment.This process uses a photothermal evaporator to absorb sunlight and convert it into heat for water evaporation.However solar-steam generation can be somewhat inefficient due to energy losses via conduction,convection and radiation.Thus,efficient energy management is crucial for optimizing the performance of solar-steam generation.Here,via elaborate design of the configuration of photothermal materials,as well as warm and cold evaporation surfaces,performance in solar evaporation was significantly enhanced.This was achieved via a simultaneous reduction in energy loss with a net increase in energy gain from the environment,and recycling of the latent heat released from vapor condensation,diffusive reflectance,thermal radiation and convection from the evaporation surface.Overall,by using the new strategy,an evaporation rate of 2.94 kg m^-2 h^-1,with a corresponding energy efficiency of solar-steam generation beyond theoretical limit was achieved.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To design a combined dynamic inhalation device for testing the toxicity induced by moxa smoking. METHODS： The new apparatus （Patent No. 201120101911.5） includes air renewal and recycling systems, a gas ...OBJECTIVE： To design a combined dynamic inhalation device for testing the toxicity induced by moxa smoking. METHODS： The new apparatus （Patent No. 201120101911.5） includes air renewal and recycling systems, a gas generating device, a gas control unit, and a device to measure and control tem- perature and humidity. Sprague-dawley rats were tested for acute and sub-chronic toxicity after exposure to moxa-burning smoke.METHODS： The new apparatus （Patent No. 201120101911.5） includes air renewal and recycling systems, a gas generating device, a gas control unit, and a device to measure and control tem- perature and humidity. Sprague-dawley rats were tested for acute and sub-chronic toxicity after exposure to moxa-burning smoke.RESULTS： We found an LQ0 of 1.2× 10^4 mg/m^3 in the acute toxicity assays. In sub-chronic toxicity tests the organ coefficients studied showed no sig-nificant differences within rats groups of the same gender after treatment with moxa smoke or a month of recovery. However, mean gray degree of lung 70 heat shock protein （HSP70） was significantly elevated in the high dose group in comparison with the low dose group （P 〈 0.05）, mean gray degree, mean optical density, gross area of HSP70 in other organs and caspase-9 parameters showed no significant differences between groups.CONCLUSION： These results suggest that moxa smoke had no overt toxicity in rats. This work pro- vides evidence and reference for the design of dy- namic inhalation exposure systems.展开更多
Microchannel heat sinks constitute an innovative cooling technology for the removal of a large amount of heat from a small area and are suitable for electronics cooling.In the present work,Tool Steel D2 grade milling ...Microchannel heat sinks constitute an innovative cooling technology for the removal of a large amount of heat from a small area and are suitable for electronics cooling.In the present work,Tool Steel D2 grade milling slitting saw type plain milling cutter is fabricated The microchannels are machined in aluminum work pieces to form the microchannel heat sink using the fabricated milling cutter in an horizontal milling machine.A new experimental set-up is fabricated to conduct the tests on the microchannel heat sink.The heat carried by the water increases with mass flow rate and heat input.The heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number increases with mass flow rate and increased heat input.The pressure drop increases with Reynolds number and decreases with input heat.The friction factor decreases with Reynolds number and decreases with input heat.The thermal resistance decreases with pumping power and decreases with input heat.展开更多
文摘目的:探讨两种自发热装置在寒区战伤救护低温输液中的应用效果。方法:选取一次性输液加温贴、一次性加温棒为伤员输液加温,比较分析两种自发热装置的性能及加热效果。结果:一次性输液加温贴的平均重量约为70 g,体积约为60 cm 3;一次性加温棒的重量约为200 g,体积约为550 cm 3。当环境温度12℃、输液滴速60 gtt/min时,使用两种自发热装置后,输液器出口处药液温度均可达32℃~34℃。结论:两种自发热装置均具有遇空气自动升温、结构设计合理、不需外接电源、发热持续时间长、体积小、重量轻、携带方便、操作简单等特性,适用于寒区战伤救护低温输液时使用。
文摘With the consideration of the thermal management and heat sink requirements,a cooling device is designed and the thermal resistance of this device is calculated with a single 5 W power LED.The thermal design of a single 5 W power LED is reasonable,effective and the result has been simulated.This design also instruct other power LEDs' thermal design.Provided is a reliable and effective method for the design of power LED illumination lamps and lanterns.
文摘Though TES （thermal energy storage） is developed hugely in most of the solar power generation plants, it is less growth in implementing a modular type of TES in a solar plant, e.g., solar dish/stifling engine application. The main issue in designing the TES system is its thermal capacity of storage materials, e.g., insulator. This study is focusing on the potential waste material as an insulator for thermal energy storage applications. The insulator usage is to reduce the heat transfer between two mediums and the capability is measured by its resistance to heat flow. It is needed to obtain optimal materials to energy conversion at the same time reduce the waste generation. Therefore, a small-scale experimental testing of natural cooling process of an insulated tank within a confined room without any forced cooling system, e.g., fan. The testing is repeated by changing the insulator using the potential waste material from natural and industrial waste and also by changing the HTF （heat transfer fluid）. The analysis is performed on the relationship between heat loss and the reserved period by the insulator. The results indicate the percentage of period of the insulated tank withstands the heat compared to non-insulated tank, e.g., cotton reserved the period of 14% more than non-insulated tank to withstand the heat transfer of cooking oil to the surrounding. The paper finally justifies the most potential waste material as an insulator in different heat transfer fluids.
基金financial support from Australian Research Council(ARC Future Fellowship FT190100485)University of South Australia(Foundation Fellow)China Scholarship Council and Huasheng Graphite Co.,Ltd。
文摘Interfacial solar-steam generation is a promising and cost-effective technology for both desalination and wastewater treatment.This process uses a photothermal evaporator to absorb sunlight and convert it into heat for water evaporation.However solar-steam generation can be somewhat inefficient due to energy losses via conduction,convection and radiation.Thus,efficient energy management is crucial for optimizing the performance of solar-steam generation.Here,via elaborate design of the configuration of photothermal materials,as well as warm and cold evaporation surfaces,performance in solar evaporation was significantly enhanced.This was achieved via a simultaneous reduction in energy loss with a net increase in energy gain from the environment,and recycling of the latent heat released from vapor condensation,diffusive reflectance,thermal radiation and convection from the evaporation surface.Overall,by using the new strategy,an evaporation rate of 2.94 kg m^-2 h^-1,with a corresponding energy efficiency of solar-steam generation beyond theoretical limit was achieved.
基金Supported by the Study of Warming Effect of Moxibustion and its Principle(the Major National Basic Research Program of China,No.2009CB522904)the Study of Safety of Moxibustion Products Based on High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in Metabonomics Technology(Hunan Graduate Student Innovation Fund,No.CX2010B342)
文摘OBJECTIVE： To design a combined dynamic inhalation device for testing the toxicity induced by moxa smoking. METHODS： The new apparatus （Patent No. 201120101911.5） includes air renewal and recycling systems, a gas generating device, a gas control unit, and a device to measure and control tem- perature and humidity. Sprague-dawley rats were tested for acute and sub-chronic toxicity after exposure to moxa-burning smoke.METHODS： The new apparatus （Patent No. 201120101911.5） includes air renewal and recycling systems, a gas generating device, a gas control unit, and a device to measure and control tem- perature and humidity. Sprague-dawley rats were tested for acute and sub-chronic toxicity after exposure to moxa-burning smoke.RESULTS： We found an LQ0 of 1.2× 10^4 mg/m^3 in the acute toxicity assays. In sub-chronic toxicity tests the organ coefficients studied showed no sig-nificant differences within rats groups of the same gender after treatment with moxa smoke or a month of recovery. However, mean gray degree of lung 70 heat shock protein （HSP70） was significantly elevated in the high dose group in comparison with the low dose group （P 〈 0.05）, mean gray degree, mean optical density, gross area of HSP70 in other organs and caspase-9 parameters showed no significant differences between groups.CONCLUSION： These results suggest that moxa smoke had no overt toxicity in rats. This work pro- vides evidence and reference for the design of dy- namic inhalation exposure systems.
文摘Microchannel heat sinks constitute an innovative cooling technology for the removal of a large amount of heat from a small area and are suitable for electronics cooling.In the present work,Tool Steel D2 grade milling slitting saw type plain milling cutter is fabricated The microchannels are machined in aluminum work pieces to form the microchannel heat sink using the fabricated milling cutter in an horizontal milling machine.A new experimental set-up is fabricated to conduct the tests on the microchannel heat sink.The heat carried by the water increases with mass flow rate and heat input.The heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number increases with mass flow rate and increased heat input.The pressure drop increases with Reynolds number and decreases with input heat.The friction factor decreases with Reynolds number and decreases with input heat.The thermal resistance decreases with pumping power and decreases with input heat.
