实用型氧气发生剂氧气发生动力学研究及机理探讨

对新近发明的“实用型氧气发生剂”进行了动力学研究，并提出了其氧气发生的可能机理：在有水存在下，一定配比的ＯＧ粉末（ＣａＯ２＞７０％）与ＴＧ粉末（ＦｅＰＯ４·ｎＨ２Ｏ）所构成的反应物／产物体系，消除了Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２对水扩散的阻滞作用，以及新产生的微小Ｆｅ（ＯＨ）３晶体对氧脱附的催化作用。该氧气发生剂在有水（淡、海水）存在的条件下，能够连续、稳定、均衡、在较长时间里向水生生物供应代谢所需的溶解氧，具有用水量少，用剂量省、单位剂量发氧量高，有效氧利用率高的特点，具有使用的经济性和实用性。

实用型氧气发生剂氧气发生动力学研究及机理探讨

对新近发明的"实用型氧气发生剂"进行了动力学研究,并提出了其氧气发生的可能机理:在有水存在下,一定配比的OG粉末(CaO2>70％)与TG粉末(FePO4·nH2O)所构成的反应物/产物体系,消除了Ca(OH)2时水扩散的阻滞作用,以及新产生的微小Fe(OH)3晶体对氧脱附的催化作用。该氧气发生剂在有水(淡、海水)存在的条件下,能够连续、稳定、均衡、在较长时间里向水生生物供应代谢所需的溶解氧,具有用水量少,用剂量省、单位剂量发氧量高,有效氧利用率高的特点,具有使用的经济性和实用性。

实用型氧气发生剂的研发与应用

文章报导了一种氧气发生剂的开发研究过程及得到的氧气发生动力学结果,并探讨了其氧气发生机理。该氧气发生剂在有水(淡、海水)存在的条件下,能够连续、稳定、均衡、在较长时间向水生生物供应代谢所必须的溶解氧。并介绍了应用实例和应用潜势。

A General Overview of the Typical 18 Frontal-VentralTransverse Cirri Oxytrichidae s. l. Genera(Ciliophora, Hypotrichia)

Oxytrichidae s. l. ciliates usually have 18 frontal-ventral-transverse cirri which are clustered to six distinct groups usu- ally originating from six longitudinal primordia segregating 1, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4 cirri. During morphogenesis, three dorsal kinetics anlagen are primarily formed. Fragmentation of kinety 3 usually present, while sometimes secondarily lost. Dorsomarginal kineties are formed, while sometimes lost. Oxytrichids tend to have overlapping characters, e.g. cell shape and size, infraciliature, pellicle fea- tures. This makes a great problem for genera separation. In the present work, all typical 18 frontal-ventral-transverse-cirri Oxytrichi- dae s. 1. genera were revised systematically based on their living morphology, ciliature patterns and dorsal morphogenetic features. The outline of the genera, the schematic illustrations, and the key to typical 18 frontal-ventral-transverse-cirri genera of Oxytrichidae s. l. were clarified. Additionally, some morphological and morphogenetic patterns were summarized and compared.

Analysis of Absorption and Reaction Kinetics in the Oxidation of Organics in Effluents Using a Porous Electrode Ozonator

A novel electrode design for the in situ generation of ozone in the reaction zone of a tubular reactor is described in this work.The ozone generator uses a porous inner electrode tube in the corona discharge assembly,and the ozone generated around the outer periphery of the porous tube diffuses into the tubular reactor and reacts with the contaminants in the fluid that is being treated.A mathematical model that includes absorption and second order reaction in the film is developed to describe ozonation kinetics of a contaminant dye in the tubular reactor.The model describes the experimental data for dye decolorization,oxidation byproducts,dissolved ozone,and ozone gas concentrations well.Model analysis indicates that the fast dye decolorization reaction occurs partly in the liquid film and partly in the bulk fluid.The model can be used in the selection of appropriate gas-liquid contactors for efficient oxidation of contaminants in effluents.

The use of environmentally sustainable bio-derived solvents in solvent extraction applications——A review

Replacement of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） by greener or more environmentally sustainable solvents is becoming increasingly important due to the increasing health and environmental concerns as well as economic pressures associated with VOCs. Solvents that are derived from biomass, namely bio-derived solvents, are a type of green solvent that have attracted intensive investigations in recent years because of their advantages over con- ventional VOCs, such as low toxicity, biodegradability and renewability. This review aims to summarize the use of bio-derived solvents in solvent extraction applications, with special emphasis given to utilization of biodiesels and terpenes. Compared with the conventional VOCs, the overall performance of these bio-derived solvents is comparable in terms of extraction yields and selectivity for natural product extraction and no difference was found for metal extraction. To date most researchers have focused on laboratory scale thermodynamics studies. Future work is required to develop and test new bio-derived solvents and understand the kinetic performance as well as solvent extraction nilnt nlant studies.

Source tectonic dynamics features of Jiuzhaigou Ms 7.0 earthquake in Sichuan Province,China

On August 8, 2017, a Ms 7.0 earthquake occurred 5 km to the west of Jiuzhaigou National Park, causing 25 deaths and injuring 525. The objective of this study was to explore the seismogenic fault of the earthquake and tectonic dynamics of the source rupture. Field investigations, radon activity tests, remote sensing interpretations, and geophysical data analyses were carried out immediately after the earthquake. The Jiuzhaigou earthquake occurred at the intersection of the northern margin of the Minshan uplift belt and the south part of the Wenxian–Maqin fault in the south margin of the West Qinling geosyncline. There are two surface rupture zones trending northwest(NW), which are ground coseismic ruptures caused by concealed earthquake faults. The rupture on the southwest is the structure triggering the earthquake, along the Jiuzhaitiantang–Epicenter–Wuhuahai. The other one on the northeast(Shangsizhai–Zhongcha–Bimang) is a reactivation and extension of the secondary fault trending NW. The source rupture of this earthquake is a strike-slipshear fracture associated with the fault plane trending NW 331° and steeply dipping 75°, which is continuously expanding at both ends. The tectonic dynamics process of the source rupture is that the "Jiuzhaigou protrusion" is left-lateral sheared along the seismogenic fault in the NW direction. Finally, the Maqin fault and the arc fault system at the top of the "Wenxian protrusion" will be gradually broken through sometime in far future, as well as earthquaketriggered landslides will be further occurred along the narrow corridor between the seismogenic faults. The research results revealed the basic geological data and tectonic dynamic mechanism in this earthquake.

The Kinetic Reacion of Virgin Coconut Oil （VCO） Fermentation in an Ideal Bioreactor Tank in a Batch Process

Oil is produced from the fermentation process without going through a heating process, which is known as VCO （virgin coconut oil）. VCO has been widely sold in the market with different brands. VCO has a beneficial physiological effect to health such as being able to kill viruses, bacteria, increase endurance, soften the skin etc.. Various benefits from the VCO are caused by medium chain fatty acids that it is contain which is lauric acid. VCO has a very high lauric acid contents （45%-55%）. The aims of this research were to calculate the VCO fermentation kinetics parameter μm and km using Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria in a batch bioreactor. Coconut meat was shredded. Then add water to the crushed fruit according to the comparison of variables ie., 1：1, 1：2. Furthermore, the extract pressed. Mixed the obtained cream, about 1 L, with a starter each 1%. Homogeneous mixture stirred and then poured into bioreactor and allowed to stand 8-10 h. During the process, the mixture will separate into three layers, namely the oil （upper layer）, protein （middle layer）, and water （bottom layer）, it was oil and water were separated from protein. After the oil was obtained from the fermentation, it carried out the calculation of the price of X （dry cell）, S （glucose concentration） and P （the concentration of lactic acid）. The results obtained, for the ratio （1：2）： Pm= 0.166 h1, km = 1.6 g/L, for the ratio （1：1）：μm = 0.131 hl, k,, = 3.33 g/L. The amount of kinetic parameter values obtained was higher in ratio （1：2） from ratio （1：1） and the acid number was determined according to the AOCS.

Establishment of Kinetics Models for Batch Fermentation Process of β-mannase with Bacillus licheniformis HDYM-04

In order to improve the yield of β-mannase and to investigate the rules of fermentation production, a high-yield β-mannase producing strain, Bacillus licheniformis HDYM-04, was used to investigate the kinetics models based on the optimal fermentation conditions： HDYM-04 strain was fermented at 37℃ for 30 h with agitation speed at 300 r/min and aeration rate at 3 L/min in a 5 L fermenter, the initial addition amount of konjac flour was 2%（w/v）, the initial pH of medium was 8.0, and the inoculum concentration was 6.7%（v/v）. Three batch fermentation kinetic models were established （cell growth kinetic model, substrate consumption kinetic model, product formation kinetic model） bases on Logistic and Luedeking-Piret equations. To be specific, cell growth kinetic model was dX/dt =0.431X （1- X/ 15.522 ）, substrate consumption kinetic model was -ds/dt =1.11 dX/dt ＋0.000 2 dP/dt ＋0.000 8X, and product formation kinetic model was dP/dt=133.1 dX ＋222.87X. The correlation coefficients R^2 of the three equations were 0.990 21, 0.989 08 and 0.988 12, respectively, which indicated a good correlation between experimental values and models. Therefore, the three equations could be used to describe the processes of cell growth, enzyme synthesis and substrate consumption during batch fermentation using B. licheniformis strain HDYM-04. The establishment of batch fermentation kinetic models （cell growth kinetic model, substrate depletion kinetic model, product formation kinetic model） could lay the theoretical foundation and provide practical reference for the applica- tion of HDYM-04 in fermentation industry.

Mathematical modeling approach to the transmission dynamics of pine wilt disease with saturated incidence rate

The present paper investigates the dynamics of pine wilt disease with saturated incidence rate. The proposed model is stable both locally and globally. The local stability of the disease-free equilibrium is determined by the basic reproduction R0. The disease-free equilibrium is stable locally and globally whenever R0〈 1. If R0 〉 1, then the endemic state is stable both locally and globally. Further, a brief discussion with conclusion on the numerical results of the proposed model is presented.

Analysis of within-host CHIKV dynamics models with general incidence rate

In this paper we study the stability analysis of two within-host Chikungunya virus （CHIKV） dynamics models. The incidence rate between the CHIKV and the uninfected mouocytes is modeled by a general nonlinear function. The second model considers two types of infected monocytes （i） latently infected monocytes which do not generate CHIKV and （ii） actively infected monocytes which produce the CHIKV particles. Sufficient conditions are found which guarantee the global stability of the positive steady states. Using the Lyapunov function, we established the global stability of the steady states of the models. The theoretical results are confirmed by numerical simulations.

Modeling of delta-wing type vortex generators

A numerical model of delta-wing type vortex generator was developed in two steps.The first step was to obtain a parameterized model of the shedding vortex based on delta-wing theory,which relates the geometry parameters and flow field parameters to the strength of shedding vortex which directly decides the source term.In the second step,a method was proposed to add source terms into the flow control equations so that the shedding vortex could be simulated numerically.As soon as the numerical model was completed,two cases:One for a plate and another for an airfoil segment were investigated for test.Comparison showed that the flow field structure and aerodynamic performance agreed well with those obtained from cases with real vortex generators.

Numerical investigation on the geodynamical mechanism of the first major shock of 2006 Pingtung M_w7.0 earthquake

A strong Mw7.0 earthquake struck Pingtung offshore of Talwan on December 26, 2006. It consisted of two major events with an 8-minute interval. The first major shock occurred at 12：26 UTC. Focal mechanism results from Harvard, USGS, and BATS all indicated that the first major shock was a normal fault earthquake and the second one was dominated by strike-slip offsets. The location of the epicenter varied greatly in depth in different analyses. The latest results showed that the focal depth of the first shock was most probably around 40-44 km, placing the epicenter in the lithospheric mantle. However, this is not a location where earthquakes usually occur. To explore the geodynamical mechanism of this event, we carded out 2D finite element method （FEM） numerical experiments. Our primary results indicate that the geodynamical background, as well as the formation of Pingtung earthquake, is a consequence of the collision between Luzon arc and Chinese continental margin. Although Taiwan Island is in the shadow of NW-SE trending compressive collision zone, the existence of ductile lower crust leads to the decoupling between upper crust and lithospheric mantle. As lithospheric mantle subducts to the depth of around 250 km, the upper part of the bending subduction slab puts itself in an extensional state. The extensional stress from bending induced the occurrence of this normal fault earthquake at the critical point.

IMPULSIVE CONTROL IN MICROORGANISMS CONTINUOUS FERMENTATION

This work presents the nonlinear dynamical system of continuous fermentation from glycerol to 1,3-propanediol. The impulsive control scheme of continuous culture is intro- duced. By employing impulsive control, Lyapunov＇s method and comparison technique, sufficient conditions are established for the asymptotical stability and synchronization of the dynamical system of continuous fermentation. The upper bound of the impulse interval is also estimated. An example will illustrate the effectiveness of the results in Sec. 4.