Current Status of Rice Production in Burundi and Its Development Strategies

Burundi, a landlocked country locked near the equator, is one of the least developed countries confirmed by the United Nations and the 60% financial revenue needs aid. Rice is the most important and extravagant food in Burundian consumption for no more than 5 kg on average per people by year. It＇s especially suitable to plant rice in Burundi because of the sufficient sunlight and rain. But the lack of new varieties, practical technology and modern service make it very difficult for rice production. According to this significant roll, the rice production has to be increased in order to satisfy the consumption needs which are now becoming higher and keep the food safe. This article mainly shows the rice ecological types, production facts and the major constraints of rice production in Burundi, and then look into the distance on how to solve the problems.

研究美国当代主要新闻周刊的运作模式

现代的新闻周刊肇始于美国。1923年,亨利·卢斯创办了《时代》周刊。他将一周中发生的新闻进行精编,配以评论、人物传记以及事件背景等材料,加以分析解释。这种报道方式不同于美国报刊传统的客观报道,成为30年代流行起来的解释性报道的先驱。《时代》周刊也因此被越来越多的社会中上层人士所接受,无论在政治上还是在商业上都取得了巨大的成功。

Biodiesel production and its development strategy

Biodiesel, an environmentally friendly biofuel with similar flow and combustion properties as petroleum-based diesel and low emission profile, which is commonly prepared from triglyceride （TG） sources such as vegetable oils, animal fats, and waste greases, holds good promises as an alternative to diesel fuel. Alternate fuels for diesel engines have become increasingly important due to diminishing petroleum reserves and awareness of the increased environmental consequences of emissions from petroleum-fuelled engines, as the world is confronted with an energy crisis. Currently, the production of methyl or ethyl esters from edible oils is much more expensive than that of diesel fuels due to the relatively high costs of vegetable oils （about four times the cost of diesel in China）. Methyl esters produced from such oils can be expected to compete economically with diesel fuels, and there is a need to explore low cost alternate feedstocks for the production of biodiesel. Rapeseed is little sensitive to crop input levels, allowing reduction of tillage, irrigation, and weed control. Significant yield increases will be attained using new hybrids and better crop management. Rapeseed cultures in seasonal set-aside lands such as Dongting Lake surroundings can significantly decreases the amount of subsides spent for agricultural overproduction in China, which leads to an increase in farmer incomes as well as the creation of new employment. This significantly lowers production costs, reduces environmental impact, and increases final energy gains. Our rapeseed oil is good source for biodiesel with respect to high oil content and proper fatty acid composition.

Research Plan on the Strategic Development of High-value Eco-agriculture in the Middle-lower Reaches of Yangtze River

At present,high-value eco-agriculture research in China is till limited and controversial,theoretical innovation and practices on eco-agriculture should be conducted.The key problems which should be solved urgently on the development of high-value eco-agriculture in the middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River now including：the connotation and characteristics of high-value eco-agriculture,the construction of high-value eco-agriculture system and the policies of the development of high-value eco-agriculture.Therefore,the strategic development research on high-value eco-agriculture mainly includes the following aspects：development of agriculture modernization and theory and practices of eco-economics;theory of high-value eco-agriculture;practice of high-value eco-agriculture in the middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River;construction of high-value eco-agriculture in the middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River;development strategy and system innovation of high-value eco-agriculture in the lower and medium reaches of Yangtze River.

矛与盾 第二章:构筑钢铁般防线

第一节防御的基本理论(二) 在某些局势中,防御一方处境举步维艰,面对着攻方不断地向己方阵地施压,守方不得不以牺牲子力为代价,来改善被动的窘况。但是它也有另外一层积极的意义,那就是令局面的走势在不觉问发生战略性的变化! 这是一种力求反客为主的策略,也是防御战中常见而又实用的战术手段。

Changing Forestry Policy by Integrating Water Aspects into Forest/Vegetation Restoration in Dryland Areas in China

Restoration forestry （forest rehabilitation） or re-vegetation is one effective measure to solve environmental problems, notably soil erosion. It may be further stimulated by the Clean Development Mechanism for carbon sequestration. However, there is an intensive and on-going debate about the adverse effects arising from afforestation in dryland areas, such as soil drying up which may cause further damage to the success of forest restoration, and the water yield reduction from watershed which may harm the regional development. On other hand, some preliminary studies showed a possibility that these adverse effects may be diminished more or less by properly designing the system structure and spatial distribution of forest/vegetation in a watershed. However, it is urgent to develop an evidence-based and sustainable new forestry policy for harmonizing forest-water interrelation. As a leading country in afforestation, China is beginning to develop a more trans-disciplinary and cross-sectoral forestry policy for harmonizing forestry development with water management. The main points of the changing new forestry policy should include： （1） Establishing a regional development strategy focusing on harmonized forest-water relations; （2） Taking forest-water interactions as an important part of evaluation; （3） Reducing the ＇eco-water＇ quota of forests through technical advancement; （4） Developing and extending water-adaptive forest management practices; （S） Strengthening forest ecohydrological research and decision support ability.

The strategy of ecosystem construction in Huanren Manchu Autonomous County, Liaoning Province

The common topic the mankind faces in the 21^st century is to strengthen construction and support the ecological secure. It is also the needs of establlshing socialist harmonious society in China. It is an arduous systematic project in ethnic group regions of China to realize economic and sodal sustainable development,promote the harmony between man and nature andrealize the coordination among the economic development population, natural resources and envinonment To develop ecosystem construction and the green indutry well is the basic path to realize the above goals. Huanren Manchu Autonomous County in Liaoning Province is abundant in forests, especially local products, medicinal materials, tourism resource, water resources and culotte resources. In order to develop its ecosystem, the strategies should be focused on enhancing protection consciousaess, brand consciousness, science and technology consciousoess and market consciousness. The ultimate purpose is to create the top-ranking ecosystem environment, industry system, policy systern and district civilization.

An Analysis of the Indian Modi Administration's Policy on the South China Sea Issue

Geographically, India is not a country in the region of the South China Sea, nor is it a country concerned in the issue on a geopolitical level or a US ally in the Asia-Pacific region. It has been very cautious to avoid taking sides in the South China Sea issue. However, since Modi took office in 2014, changes have taken place in the external environment that India faces, in maritime safety strategy, as well as in India's policies toward the US and China. India is becoming increasingly active in the issue of the South China Sea, voicing criticism and taking precautions against China. While India's policy on the South China Sea will not be completely the same as that of the United States and Japan, due to concerns for its own interests in the future, it is quite possible that India will take advantage of the issue of the South China Sea and will adopt more comprehensive ways to get involved in the issue.

The Status of the Ecological Prataculture and Sustainable Development Strategies in Guizhou Province

In accordance with the objective to construct a major province in grassland animal husbandry,the following ways were used for enhancing development,improving the scientific and technological content,increasing the scale of the industry and market development to set up our own ecological grass industry brand and finally reach sustainable development strategy.This paper discussed the status of Guizhou Province grass industry development from the grass industry resources,grassland and animal husbandry production,prataculture technology problem.

Constrained to the Oasienne Production and Strategies of a Sustainable Development （Case of the Oasis of El Mahassen, Southwestern of Tunisia）

In the absence of all industrial activity, the oasienne agriculture represents the only advantageous economic speculation of the region. However, the agricultural soils support largest constraints, which are the salinization, the hydromorphy, and the exaggerated division of the parcels by successive inheritance what can provoke a decline and a reduction of the productivity. The sampling and the analysis of the irrigation water shows a net rise of the waters salinity, of the order of 5.25 g/L. The topographic measures made during this work serve to detect zones favorable to the accumulation of the salt layers. The object of this note is to treat these constraints differently by means of an empiric survey, all trying to establish some adequate recommendations.

Application of CAE technology for Geely car lightweight

In order to reduce energy consumption and protect the human survival environment, the lightweight has became the development trend of the world automobile industry. On the premise of ensuring the strength, safety and driving performance of the car, the major car enterprises try to reduce the curb weight of the ear, fuel consumption and emissions. Not only a lot of new technologies and new products have been generated, but also joint vehicle development process and computer aided engineering （CAE） analysis technology have been developed. Since the entry into the ＂Au- tomobile Lightweight Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance＂ in Dec. 2007, Geely Group has been focusing on light- weight construction of vehicle and key assemblies in every stage of the vehicle product development. Among vehicles ap- peared on the market and in research, it has presented continuously better performance. The paper describes application examples and successful experience of CAE simulation analysis and performance optimization during the lightweight de- sign and development of a self-developed model of Geely, and looks forward to the prospects for the development of lightweight of Geely vehicle.

Clusters, Governance and Sustainability

One of the most important aspects of current economical and social reality of each local and regional territory, and very much determinative for its economic development potential, is the nature of its territorial organization of the productive processes, as well as, the characteristics, and sophistication level, of the enterprise strategies that are functioning in it. This paper seeks to contribute to the ongoing discussion on the role of clusters as engines of economic and social development and sustainability of local and regional territories. Based on a study research methodology, we intend to answer to the following research questions： （1） What is the importance of clusters in the increment process of the local and regional conditions of governance and sustainability？ （2） How specific models of clusters＇ governance can contribute to greater territorial setting of enterprises and to increasing the sustainability of its development strategies？ （3） To what extent industrial public policies can increase the sustainability of development solutions for local and regional economies？

Development of renewable energy in China:significance & strategic objectives

Based on CAE’s research report, this paper illustrates the background and purposes of the development strategy research of renewable energy in China, emphasizes the significance of developing renewable energy in China, gives the strategic positions and development objectives of renewable energy in China in the first half of 21st century and contributes to green house gas emissions reduction and environmental protection in China.

The Game-Theoretical Approach to the Simulation of Sustainable Development Strategies

Choosing a strategy for sustainable development is national level aimed at the simultaneous fulfillment of economic, a fundamental problem that requires non-trivial approaches at the social and environmental goals. This contradiction is possible to be adequately described in the complex game-theoretic models. But analysis of them is complicated by the problems of algorithmic solvability and the payoff functions construction. Also, the volume of data required creates considerable complexity increased by the conditions of situations uncertainty and conflict. At the same time, international organizations, such as UN （United Nations）, ITU （International Telecommunications Union）, are widely used index system. Indices, built on the aggregation of elementary indicators, allow the estimation of the components of the system and its overall development. The paper discusses the basic concepts of game-theoretic approach to the problems of finding strategies for sustainable development, using indicative analysis techniques. In the proposed approach, estimating of sustainability is considered as the result of finding the optimal values of the payoff functions in general game-theoretical model where the players are matched indices. The interests of the player are to increase of the corresponding index and the optimal situation is implemented as a set of optimal payoff functions values. This allows switching from processing of large amounts of data describing the behavior of the ecological-economic system by the aid of indicators to aggregate estimations, which significantly reduce the sample, and also facilitates the interpretation of the results.

Reexamining the Viewpoint of the World Bank： Does Agricultural Growth Play a More Important Role in Reducing Poverty in Rural China？

The Worm Bank maintains that, compared to the growth of other industries, agricultural growth plays a more important role in reducing China＇s rural poverty. This stance, however, is contrary to the findings in this paper. This paper asserts that China＇s experience in reducing rural poverty should be attributed to： （1） its earlier, unbalanced economic development strategies, which gave priority to heavy industries and industrialization and led to the economic boom,＂ and （2） the expansion of non-agricultural sectors, which enabled poor rural households to engage in non-agricultural production. Thus, the key impetus to reducing poverty in rural China is industrialization. Due to its large population but limited farmlands, it may not be a good strategy for China to make agricultural development a priority because its relatively low value added and net profits are inept to promote economic development and reduce rural poverty.

Strategies for enhancing economic growth and ecological sustainability in Xinjiang province, China

In arid regions, fragile ecological environment is an obstacle to economic development; an efficient pattern of eco-economic development could be sought from different strategies in such regions. China＇s Xinjiang province is the most typical arid region in the world, in fact, contradiction among ecological issue and economic development is intense. In this paper, the natural resource condition, social and economic developments are analyzed in Xinjiang province, with emphasis on the economic development stages underpinned by resource superiority after the economic reform era. We argue that： Xinjiang＇s economic development was determined comprehensively by geography, ecological resources, and human activity; however to explore a new development pattern with lower dependence on ecological resources, lower cost, more protection to the environment, higher value added and levels of science and technology and knowledge is a key challenge for future economic development. Based on the comparison between past and present, Green strategies should be exclusively chosen for eco-economic development due to the pressure on ecological resources, and the sustainable developmental green strategies include： ecology stratagem, trade stratagem, structure adjustment stratagem, capital stratagem, human resources stratagem. The key challenge is to provide supportive policy and instructional environment to foster such strategies.

The fashion industry requires more transparency

The answer is Lenzing^（TM） EcoVero^（TM）-the new standard in eco-responsible viscoseLenzing^（TM） EcoVeroTM branded viscose fibers from Lenzing,with its state-of-the-art identification technology,supports eco-responsible fashion retailers and brands to become more transparent,especially with sustainability-minded consumers.Well known retailers are teaming up with Lenzing to advance their sustainability strategies with traceable Lenzing（TM） EcoVero（TM） fibers.Transparency trending up in the textile industry.

简讯

简讯能快就不要慢能早就不要迟东胜市公司各项工作赶在了时间的前面东胜市公司一改往年坐等区、盟两级保险工作会议召开的老习惯，而是于岁末年初就投入大量精力，积极对新一年工作进行筹划和布置。他们于古历正月初七就相继对各科室进行人员调整、分解计划任务、修订奖罚...

Green heating:Theory and practice

Energy conservation in heating systems has great influence on overall sustainable development strategy. Heating technology, especially combined heat and power(CHP, cogeneration), has been attracting increased interest and rapidly developing in recent years. However, the theoretical potential of heating from the perspective of thermodynamics has not been clearly illustrated. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of heating systems based on the 1st and 2nd laws of thermodynamics using the specific fuel consumption(SFC) analysis method, clarifies the theoretical potential limitation of heating systems and illustrates the process of reversible heating on the basis of the total energy system. A novel concept(green heating, GH) and a new indicator(green-heating index, GH Index) are scientifically defined to characterise different options for heating and to quantitatively evaluate their fuel consumption levels. Thereafter, the fuel consumptions of four typical space heating modes are compared and discussed to present the application of GH theory and validate the power of the proposed concept and index. Furthermore, two different CHP technologies are analyzed with an instantiation case, and a novel CHP system is recommended, which may scientifically support the development of heating technology and further improve the processes of energy-saving and CO2 reduction.

Strategic Trend of Chinese Urban Forestry Development

China is facing new challenges of urban expansion of scale and deterioration of the ecological environment. Urban forestry has a new role and position in Chinese forestry development. “Chinese Sustainable Development Forestry Strategic Research” established the strategic objectives and policy measures on urban forestry, improved urban ecological environmentand pushed Chinese urban ecological processthrough building up green forestisland in urban central district, green forest zone in suburbs, forest system in remoter outskirts of cities.