力学结构及末级压砧硬度对八面体压腔高压发生效率的影响

针对大腔体静高压装置中的多级八面体压腔,分析了两种不同加载结构的力的传递,建立了高压发生效率的力学关系.室温下,采用定点标压法(Bi,ZnTe,ZnS,GaAs)分别标定了14/8,12/6和10/4三种二级6-8型大腔体静高压组装的腔体压力,定量地讨论了力学结构和末级压砧硬度对八面体压腔高压发生效率的影响.实验结果表明,力学结构和末级压砧硬度都是影响高压发生效率的重要因素,且力学结构对高压发生效率的影响更大.其中,腔体的几何结构越大,高压发生效率越高;6-8型加载结构的高压发生效率高于2-6-8型加载结构;在八面体压腔内的压力接近末级压砧的维氏硬度时,末级压砧硬度越大,高压发生效率越高,所能获得的腔体压力越大.

电流体动力等离子体发生器的仿真优化

目前电流体动力（EHD）等离子体发生器的能量转化效率还远不能满足实际应用的要求，等离子体发生器的性能优化因此成为研究中的核心问题。针对目前基于泊松方程解的仿真方法耗费机时长，某些参数不能精确测量的现状，提出了基于拉普拉斯方程解的等离子体发生器仿真计算方法，并验证了利用此方法进行EHD等离子体发生器初步性能优化的可行性。仿真结果表明，低电极宽度对等离子体发生器性能影响甚微，而电极间水平间距为1～1．5mm时，EHD等离子体发生器的性能最佳。此方法将为EHD等离子体发生器下一步的性能优化研究提供参考。

多种香味发生器

以前的香味发生器是利用蒸发作用从液体香料散发出香味来,发出的香味效率很低。此外,由于只发生一种香味,人们总是闻着一种气昧,也会减低香味产生的效果。 鉴于上述情况,这里介绍一种香味发生效率高,能够发出多种香味的香味发生器。 所介绍的香味发生器的结构,如附图所示。在外壳1内装有内部密封着互不相同的被压缩的气体香料的四个高压储气瓶2。在高压储气瓶2中,分别贮藏有杉树、柏树、桉树、樟树等香味的香料。在这些香料中,混合加入了作为森林浴用成分的化学制剂。

金精矿浸出含氰废水综合处理的研究与工业实践

处理金精矿浸出含氰废水一般采用酸化回收法 ,氰化物的去除率只能达到 90 %左右 ,给二次处理增加了技术与经济上的难度。文中从提高酸化回收法的氰化物去除率入手 ,研究改进了金精矿浸出含氰废水综合处理的工艺及设备 ,使氰化物的去除率达到 99%以上 ,为二次处理创造有利条件。采用二氧化硫 -空气法进行二次处理 ,不仅保证了废水达标排放 ,还可回收金、银、铜等金属 ,实现了经济效益、社会效益和环境效益三者的统一。

固相反应法制备钴掺杂氧化镁传压介质

以氧化镁(MgO)和氧化钴(CoO)为初始材料,利用固相反应方法,经8h的混料、200MPa的预压以及在空气氛围下1 200℃的烧结等步骤,成功制备出钴的摩尔分数为9%的氧化镁传压介质(MgO+9%CoO)。采用X射线粉末衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜以及热重分析仪对样品进行表征,结果表明:在烧结过程中混合粉料之间发生了反应,金属离子相互交换,钴离子取代MgO晶格中的部分镁离子,从而形成MgO-CoO固溶体。与目前国产MgO传压介质(MgO+10%Na4SiO4(质量分数))相比,实验制备的钴掺杂MgO传压介质不含杂质,高温高压下更稳定,并且温度发生效率更高。

Appendiceal mass:Is interval appendicectomy “something of the past” ?

The need for interval appendicectomy (I.A) after successful conservative management of appendiceal mass has recently been questioned.Furthermore,emergency appendicectomy for appendiceal mass is increasingly performed with equal success and safety to that performed in non-mass forming acute appendicitis.There is an increasing volume of evidence-although mostly retrospective-that if traditional conservative management is adopted,there is no need for routine I.A except for a small number of patients who continue to develop recurrent symptoms.On the other hand,the routine adoption of emergency laparoscopic appendicectomy (LA) in patients presenting with appendiceal mass obviates the need for a second admission and an operation for I.A with a considerable complication rate.It also abolishes misdiagnoses and deals promptly with any unexpected ileo-cecal pathology.Moreover,it may prove to be more cost-effective than conservative treatment even without I.A due to a much shorter hospital stay and a shorter period of intravenous antibiotic administration.If emergency LA is to become the standard of care for appendiceal mass,I.A will certainly become 'something' of the past.

Prognostic factors for 5-year survival after local excision of rectal cancer

AIM:To evaluate the prognostic factors for 5-year survival after local excision of rectal cancer,and to examine the therapeutic efficacy and surgical indications for this procedure. METHODS:Clinical data,obtained from 106 local rectal cancer excisions performed between January 1980 and December 2005,were retrospectively analyzed.Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method,statistical comparisons were performed using the log-rank test,and multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS:Transanal,transsacral,and transvaginal excisions were performed in 92,12,and 2 cases, respectively.The rate of complication,local recurrence, and 5-year survival was 6.6%,17.0%,and 86.7%, respectively.Univariate analysis showed that T stage, vascular invasion,and local recurrence were related to the prognosis of the cases(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that T stage[P=0.011,95% confidence interval(CI)=1.194-3.878]and local recurrence(P=0.022,95%CI=1.194-10.160)were the major prognostic factors for 5-year survival of cases after local excision of rectal cancer. CONCLUSION:Local rectal cancer excision is associated with few complications,and suitable for stages Tis and T1 rectal cancer.Prevention of local recurrence,active postoperative follow-up,and administration of salvage therapy are the effective methods to increase the efficacy of local excision of rectal cancer.

Potassium superoxide oxygen generation rate and carbon dioxide absorption rate in coal mine refuge chambers

The effects of the molding pressure of a KO2 oxygen plate and the initial concentration of CO2 on the oxygen generation rate, the oxygen generation efficiency, and the carbon dioxide absorption rate were studied using a YES-300 hydraulic press to alter the pressure when forming the oxygen plate used in a coal mine refuge chamber. In addition, changes in the initial concentration of CO2 used in the closed- box model were made by adjusting the CO2 supply system, and a CD-7 multi-function parameter instrument was employed to monitor and record the changes of O2 and CO2 concentration in the closed-box model. Results indicate that the oxygen generation rate of KO2 oxygen plates, the oxygen generation efficiency, and the carbon dioxide absorption rate decrease when there is an increase in the pressure used to mold the oxygen plates, but those values increase when the initial CO2 concentration increases. When the initial concentration of CO2 in the dosed-box model is 3.5% and the forming pressure is 10 kN, the average oxygen generation rate of 15 g KO2 oxygen plate is 11.88 ×10^-3 L/min, the oxygen generation efficiency is 80.3%, and the average CO2 absorption rate is 11.0 × 10^-3 L/min. Compared with the condition where the initial CO2 concentration is 1.5%, the results show that average oxygen genera- tion rate of oxygen plates increases by 88,9%, the oxygen generation efficiency increases by 88.9%, and the CO2 absorption rate increases by 100%.

Effects of Brown Fish Meal Replacement with Fermented Soybean Meal on Growth Performance, Feed Efficiency and Enzyme Activities of Chinese Soft-shelled Turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis

A 120-day feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of partial replacement of brown fish meal (BFM) by fermented soybean meal (FSBM) in diets of Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). The turtles (initial mean body weight, (115.52 ± 1.05) g) were fed with three experimental diets, in which 0%, 4.72% and 9.44% BFM protein was replaced by 0%, 3% and 6% FSBM, respectively. Results showed that the feeding rate (FR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) of turtles fed with the diet containing 3% FSBM were not significantly different from the control group (0% FSBM) (P > 0.05). However, FR, SGR and FER of turtles fed with the diet containing 6% FSBM were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the activities of serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and glutamicpyruvic transaminase among dietary treatments (P > 0.05). However, the uric acid concentration in turtles fed with the diet containing 3% or 6% FSBM was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the activities of lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase and total superoxide dismutase among dietary treatments (P > 0.05). The results suggested that FSBM could replace 4.72% BFM protein in turtle diets without exerting adverse effects on turtle growth, feed utilization and measured immune parameters.

Effect of microbial inoculants on Albizia saman germination and seedling growth

Microbial Inoculants as Effective Microorganisms （EM） were applied to find out their effects on germination and seedling growth of Albizia saman in the nursery. The seedlings were grown in a mixture of sandy soils and cow dung （3：1） kept in polybags. The EM solution at different concentrations （0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5% and 10%） was incorporated before and after a week of sowing seeds. Germination and physical growth parameters, including shoot and root length, vigor index, collar diameter, leaf number, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root and total biomass increment over the control were measured. The nodulation status influenced by EM was also observed along with the estimation of chemical parameters like chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid. Both germination and the measured physical growth parameters were found significantly （P〈0.05） higher in seedlings treated with different concentrations of EM solution in comparison to the control. Maximum growth was found at 2% followed by 1% EM solution. Nodulation was higher at 0.1% concentration but it normally decreased with the increase of concentrations. Although there were a higher amount of pigments in leaves of the treated seedlings than of the control, the variations recorded with respect to chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid were not significantly higher in most of the treatments. Treated seedlings showed variable results along with the increment of EM applications and most of the parameters showed best results at the medium range of concentrations. The study indicates that the Microbial Inoculant （EM） technology might be useful to improve the growth of seedlings in the nursery. This also indicates that the associated beneficial organisms along with the polybag soils might be of value in improving the degraded soil or poor field soil for better nutrient and water uptake during the initial growth of transplanted seedlings.

Impact of Small Scale Irrigation Technologies on Poverty Alleviation among Peri-urban and Urban Farmers

Smallholder farms, mainly rain-fed dominate the agricultural sector in Ghana, accounting for about 80% of total production. Cultivation is mostly of indigenous and non-traditional varieties, characterized by low productivity, and compounded by production shocks due to environmental stresses. The research introduced vegetable farmers to better irrigation and compost management practices using the nuclear and isotopic techniques. On the average, yield of vegetables increase by 9.2% under irrigation and organic manure application compared to yield under the conventional method. Farmers saved 60%-70% of the total cost on water per acre using drip irrigation. Relative to conventional methods, farmers save at least US$70 per acre on fertilizer taking in to account cost of converting manure to compost. The result also revealed that, overall poverty gap among farmers who only depends on rain fall needed an additional 55% of the present income to attain minimum basket of their basic needs compared to 30% among some of those who irrigate in addition to rainfall. Results of our study have shown that farmers could gain financially, redeem themselves from poverty as well as improving their social conditions and ensure ecologically sustainable development with Small Scale Irrigation integrated with the right composting recipe.

Ecologically Inspired Water Network Optimization of Steel Manufacture Using Constructed Wetlands as a Wastewater Treatment Process

Traditional optimization models often lack a systems-level perspective at conception, which limits their effectiveness. Expanding system boundaries allow scientists and engineers to model complex interactions more accurately, leading to higher efficiency and profitability in industrial systems. Ecological systems have evolved for billions of years under conditions of material and energy shortage, and ecologists have defined analysis tools and metrics for identifying important principles. These principles may provide the framework to circumvent the limitations of traditional optimization techniques. More specifically, by recruiting functional roles that are often found in ecological systems, but are absent in industrial systems, industries can better mimic how natural systems organize themselves. The objective of this analysis is to traditionally optimize a manufacturing process by comparing the model with ecological and resource-based performance metrics in order to redesign the model with the addition of important functional roles that are found throughout nature. Industry partners provided data for this analysis, which involved building a water network for an existing steel manufacturing facility in China. The results of the traditional optimization model indicate a 23%, 29%, and 20% decline in freshwater consumption, wastewater discharge, and total annual cost, respectively. However, our ecologically inspired optimization model provides an additional 21% and 25% decline in freshwater consumption and total annual cost, respectively. Furthermore, no water is discharged. These results suggest that this unconventional approach to optimization could provide an effective technique not used by existing algorithms to solve the challenging problem of pursuing more sustainable industrial systems.

Effect of Abscisic Acid on NaCI Stressed Callus Proliferation and Plant Regeneration in Rice

In rice, 2,4-Dichlorphenoxyacetic acid （MS2） has been considered best for callus induction and combination ofNAA, IAA, ABA （MS3） for somatic embryogenesis. Efficient plant regeneration was observed when MS basal salts supplied with 3% sorbitol and 3% maltose as carbon sources without hormones （MSac）. During this experiment, effect of sodium chloride （NaCl） and abscisic acid （ABA） was assessed on callus growth, plant regeneration and root induction efficiency of rice （Oryza sativa L.） varieties IR-6 and Basmati-370. Callus proliferation rate was highly decreased in both varieties on MS2b （100 mol.m3 NaCl ＋ 0.5 mg＇L1 ABA） than MS2a （100 mol＇m3 NaCl） cultures significantly. Proline, glycine-betaine and reducing sugars were increased significantly in MS2a and MS2b callusing cultures. However, total proteins were decreased in MS2a, while slightly increased in MS2b. Maximum plant regeneration （9.42 ±0.54 and 10.67 ±0.50 plantlets.callus1） from somatic embryos was observed on MS4c in IR-6 and Basmati-370, while 1.56 ± 0.06 （IR-6） and 0.95 ±0.05 （Basmati-370） plantlets callus1 were observed on MSab （100 mol·m3 NaCl）. No plant regeneration was observed on MS4b （100 mol·m3 NaCl ＋ 0.5 mg·L-1 ABA） medium in both varieties. Inhibition of root induction efficiency was high in MSsb （100 mol·m3 NaCl ＋ 0.5 mg·L-1 ABA） than MS5a （100 mol·m3 NaCl） in the stressed cultures （P 〈 0.05）. In this experiment, it was concluded that ABA involved in somatic embryogenesis and elevation of NaCl stress, while it causes inhibition of cell＇s growth as well as its regeneration into plantlets from somatic embryos.

标准化护理程序对体外膜肺氧合术患者上机各阶段用时的影响

目的探讨标准化护理程序对体外膜肺氧合术(ECMO)患者上机各阶段用时的影响。方法选择2018年6月~2019年6月本院接收的86例行ECMO患者,采用盲抽法分为观察组(n=43)和对照组(n=43)。对照组给予常规护理,在对照组基础上,观察组给予标准化护理程序。比较两组上机各阶段用时、并发症发生率。结果与对照组相比,观察组护理成员到位、物品准备、置管完成、开始抢救时间均较短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组并发症发生率较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论标准化护理程序应用于ECMO治疗中可缩短上机各阶段操作时间,有效降低并发症发生率,提高工作效率。

Appropriate posture of cancer patients treated with PICC to prevent internal jugular vein ectopic

We aimed to study the appropriate posture of peripherally inserted central catheter （PICC） patients, to reduce the incidence of internal jugular vein heterotopia. Methods： From 2009 to 2013, a total of 290 cases with PICC were enrolled in our study. They were divided into two groups. The patients in control group took regular position, which mean pros- tration, upper limb of tube side was abduction 90°, head moved to puncture side in order to block the internal jugular vein. On the basis of conventional body position putting, posture of patients in observation group was improved, the head remain neutral, and had 180° angle with trunk longitudinal axis, not favor any side. After ensuring the upper limb abduction, had 90° angle with the trunk, then catheter was inserted slowly. The jugular venous catheter heterotopia rate was judged by X.ray results. Results： The jugular venous catheter heterotopia rate of control group and observation was 12.8% and 0.68%, respectively. The difference between two groups was statistically significant （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion： The body posture improvement can prevent discomfort of patients and reduce the jugular venous catheter heterotopia rate of PICC.

Desalination by Simple Solar Distiller Assisted by a Heat Pump

The increase in the population of Tunisia and the industrial development posed with acuity during the end of the major problems. Without contribution of additional resources, water will then be likely to be done increasingly rare. The solar still is a small production system, yielding on average 2-5 L/day. In this study we propose a solar distiller assisted by a heat pump. The design of this distiller uses for the evaporation of water and its condensation two phenomena are studied Simple Solar Distiller （SSD） and Simple Solar Still Distiller Hybrid with heat Pump （SSDHP）. The performance is less than 2 L/mVday and a performance of 30% for the SSD. But the SSDHP is 12 L/m2/day, the energetic efficiency reaches 90%.

Design, Development and Test of a Small Scale Mango Juice Extractor

Mango fruit （Mangifera indica） is very rich in fibre and vitamin C which are the required nutrients for good health and easy digestion of food in human body system. However, the fruit is highly perishable in its natural state after harvest due to the chemical deterioration and environmental effects. Due to the perishable nature, abundant wastage during the production season and relative scarcity during the off season were recorded by farmers. Processing the fruit into the form that can easily be stored, preserved, packaged, transported or consumed is crucial to having the product all the year round. Besides, mango juice can be consumed freshly, processed into dry powder, mixed or blended with other juice to make fruit jams, or evaporated to concentrates. These products have a lot of potential in food and beverage industries for export and foreign exchange earnings. Therefore, a small scale machine to process mango fruits to high quality juice is highly essential to reduce the postharvest loss and then add value to the commodity. To achieve this purpose, an abrasion-macerating device （AMD） was designed, fabricated and tested for small scale mango juice extraction. Design considerations focused on the techno-economic status of the micro and small scale fruit juice processors who are the intended users of the machine. The major components of the machine included hopper, perforated drum, screw conveyor, juice outlet, waste outlet, frame, electric motor and motor stand. Other components included screw shaft, the juice collector, top cover and the transmission system. In operation, the screw conveyor conveys and presses the mango fruits against the perforated roughened drum. The abrasion/tearing process of the screw on the flesh of the fruit and further pressing against the drum squeeze enough juice out of the fruit. The juice extracted is drained through the perforated mesh of the juice channel into the juice outlet from where it is collected while the residual waste is collected at the waste outlet. The machine was tested using freshly harvested mango fruits and results obtained showed an average juice yield, extraction efficiency and extraction loss of 34,56%, 55.14% and 10.15%, respectively. These values of juice yield, extraction efficiency and low level of extraction loss indicate satisfactory performance of the machine. Powered by a 2.5 hp single-phase electric motor, the machine has a production cost of USD565 with the construction materials being locally available at affordable costs. A cottage mango juice extraction plant based on this technology can provide employment for at least two persons at the same time providing fresh juice at low costs and residual waste as an ingredient for livestock feed manufacturing.

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Growth and Development and Nitrogen Utilization of Japonica Super Rice

With the super japonica rice Shennong 265 as the tested material, the effects of different nitrogen application amounts and basic tiller fertilizer(BTF)-ear granule fertilizer(EGF) ratios on the yield and nitrogen utilization characteristics of Shennong265 were investigated. The results showed that when the BTF-EGF ratio was 8:2 or 7:3, the yield of Shennong 265 increased with the increased nitrogen application amount; when the BTF-EGF ratio was 6:4, medium nitrogen level was more conducive to improving the yield of Shennong 265; under the condition of same BTF-EGF ratio, with the increased nitrogen application amount, the total nitrogen uptake increased, and the nitrogen physiological efficiency and harvest index decreased. At low and medium nitrogen levels, the higher the proportion of EGF was, the higher the yield, total nitrogen uptake and nitrogen recovery ratio were; at high nitrogen level, the BTF-EGF ratio of 7:3 was more favorable; at the same nitrogen level, the higher the proportion of EGF was, the lower the nitrogen physiological efficiency and harvest index were. Under conditions of nitrogen application level of 255 kg/hm^2 and BTF-EGF ratio of 7:3, the dry matter accumulation in the leaves, stems and spikes of Shennong265 was higher in the late growth period. Higher effective panicle number and grain number per panicle led to higher yield(9581.5 kg/hm^2, 2.4%-20.1% higher than those in the other treatment groups) and higher nitrogen use efficiency.

Distributional Effects of Transport Taxes： An Incidence Analysis

Wider use of economic instruments in the field of environmental and energy policy provides several benefits. These instruments not only create market-based incentives for environmentally friendly behaviors but also represent effective opportunities to collect revenues. In this context, energy and transport-related taxes play a major role, even if their extensive use has raised several concerns over equity issues. The main objective of the paper is to investigate the redistributive burden of existing transport taxes on Italian households. An incidence analysis is carried out on a sample of more than 23,000 Italian families for the year 2009. Some alternative policy options are also analyzed to provide some suggestions on how to countervail the potential negative regressive effects that might arise. We find that vehicle ownership taxes, if properly set, can represent a promising opportunity to blend together budget and equity needs. To obtain a better indication of the progressivity or regressivity of certain policy designs, we rely on some summary indexes, such as the Kakwani measure of progressivity and the Reynolds-Smolensky measure of redistributive capacity of a tax.

益心舒微丸联合米力农治疗心力衰竭的临床疗效研究

探讨益心舒微丸联合米力农治疗心力衰竭的临床疗效。方法:首先在本院接受治疗的心力衰竭患者中筛选114例符合入组标准的患者作为研究资料,并给予不同的治疗方式,其中对照组心力衰竭患者接受米力农治疗,研究组心力衰竭患者接受益心舒微丸联合米力农治疗,疗程结束后对比两组患者LVEF、LVESV临床数值、治疗有效率以及不良反应发生情况。结果:两组患者的LVEF、LVESV等数据在治疗前对比并无显著性差异(P> 0.05),治疗后研究组的临床数据优于对照组(P< 0.05);研究组治疗有效率高于对照组且不良反应发生率低于对照组,各项临床数据对比差异显著,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:米力农治疗心力衰竭的基础上联合益心舒微丸治疗,临床效果良好,患者心脏各种临床数据明显改善,同时,可降低患者临床不良反应的发生率。