马尾松花粉仓贮害虫印度谷螟的生物学特性

研究了马尾松花粉重要仓贮害虫印度谷螟的生物学特性。结果表明,印度谷螟在浙江省富阳市1年发生5代,以成熟幼虫散居包装箱、家具、室内墙角等缝隙和纸张等堆积物间越冬。成虫、幼虫行动极其敏捷,能迅速从存贮被害物的器物空隙中溜飞、爬离,扩散蔓延能力较强。越冬代成虫羽化呈现次高峰期、主高峰期两个高峰期,分别为5月12—13日和22—23日。第1、2、3和4代成虫的羽化高峰期分别为7月3—4日、7月28—29日、8月27—29日和10月5—6日。雌、雄成虫平均交配时间为75.8 min·次-1。交配当天,雌成虫即可产卵,每头雌成虫平均产卵量为128粒。成虫平均寿命8.0天,雌雄性比为1.0︰1.2。卵平均历期为4.9天。成熟幼虫平均爬行速度为25.2 cm·min-1,直线型爬行占总虫数的62.5%。每头幼虫平均取食花粉片的质量为0.055 g。幼虫食物缺乏或成熟时,迁移寻觅新食源或隐蔽场所化蛹。蛹平均历期为9.9天。

Economists’Judgement on China’s Socio-Economic Development in the 14th Five-Year Plan Period

2020 is the final year of China’s 13th Five-Year Plan period and an intersection between the“two centennial goals.”It is also a vital year for drafting the 14th Five-year Plan and embarking on a new journey of socialist modernization.What socio-economic progress has China achieved during the 13th Five-Year Plan period and what are the opportunities,challenges and countermeasures for the 14th Five-Year Plan period?In May 2020,the China Economist conducted a questionnaire survey among economists.Results suggest that during the 13th Five-Year Plan period,China has achieved remarkable progress in the following areas:significant socio-economic development,deepening industry-ICT integration,and rapid growth of new economy;mass entrepreneurship and mass innovation,and enhanced R&D capabilities for cutting-edge technologies;green production and the abatement of air and water pollution;and poverty reduction.In the 14th Five-Year Plan period,opportunities co-exist with challenges for China’s socio-economic development,which brims with resiliency.Surveyed economists felt sanguine about China’s development outlook.Based on the results,surveyed economists believed that the Chinese government should focus on the following priorities during the 14th Five-Year Plan period:expediting industrial transition,strengthening the real economy,and exploring domestic consumption potentials;ramping up research in fundamental science,and accelerating the research of critical technologies;increasing equal access to basic public services;and promoting green development in all respects,including green consumption,production,distribution,innovation,and finance.

Review on the Progress of Marine Ecosystem Management

Along with the industrial development, adverse impacts on the natural environment become more serious, and ecosystem health and ecological security have also been deteriorated. The traditional environment management focused on the shorterm and economic benefits. Such managing pattern is not accommodating to the new situation of increasingly global environment problems and large scale marine environment problems. This paper introduces the advance and definition of a new managing patternecosystem management. Meanwhile, the con- notation of ecosystem management was summarized as seven points： Sustainability; Human is an important aspect of ecosystem management; Cooperation is the foundation of ecosystem management; Maintain health and security of ecosystem; Ecological diversity protection characters ecosystem management; Maintain the integrity of ecosystem; Ecosystem management must be founded on scientific theories and precise information. Somebody said Ecosystem Management is ＂a new label of old ideas＂. However, there is an essential difference between ecosystem management and traditional environmental management. In the last part of this paper, the differences of the approaches between ecosystem management and traditional environmental management are compared.

Expression of nitric oxide synthase in the developing eye of Ze-brafish Danio rerio

Expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the developing eye of zebrafish was studied by NADPH-diaphorase staining technique. NOS activity was first observed in the optic primordium and the lens placode at 5-somite stage, and remained basically unchanged up to the prim-5 stage. Upon hatching, NOS activity was nearly equally detected in the gangalion cell layer and the photoreceptor layer in the developing retina. However, it began declining in the inner plexiform layer and the inner nuclear layer at this stage. NOS activity disappeared in the lens although the anterior lens epithelium was strongly stained. Two days after hatching, NOS activity was still strong in the photoreceptor layer, but decreased markedly in the gangalion cell layer, the inner plexiform layer and the inner nuclear layer with the retinal patterning. These suggested that nitric oxide (NO), the product of NOS, is not only involved in the modulation of patterning and differentiation of the retinal cells but also in the regulation of proliferation, and differentiation of the lens fibrocytes.

Mentoring as an Interaction System, Providing Teachers＇ Readiness to Integrate Into the School Environment

The sustainable development of today＇s society can be promoted by providing the educational sustainability. The education of prospective teachers should be based on ecological approach, which ensures the ecological perspective and an opportunity for students to develop their readiness to integrate into the school environment. The main aim of the author＇s research is to substantiate mentoring as an interaction system for the facilitation of the prospective teachers＇ readiness to integrate into the school environment. The author of this paper offers the results of her theoretical research： substantiation of mentoring＇s importance in teachers＇ education, substantiation of mentors＇ roles and functions, and substantiation of ecological approach in teachers＇ education. Ecological approach in teachers＇ education facilitates the formation of friendly attitude toward a school as an educational environment. Mentoring provides the prospective teachers＇ readiness to the professional activity and ability to successful integration in various types of school environment, considering their specificity. The author applied the following research methods： experience reflection, studying, analysing, and evaluating of scientific literature.

Sustainable Development and the Basic Value of Natural Environment

Contrast with artificial environment, the multi-level self-organizational system of nature has great gain. Sustain-able material environment should respect nature: non-rubbish and super-cycle quality of natural ecosystem offers the material source of human development, fractal structure of nature offers new field of space and information source to this high-density and information-based society, dissipative structure of nature links the new system of energy with whole ecosystem organi-cally, and life-chain regulation is the base of sustainable life environment. Nature guarantees the physical healthy environ-ment by its all-dimension healthy factor, constructs the mental healthy environment by its quality of co-ordinate and chaos, so that guarantees the whole emergence of sustainable develop-ment on the 'super-science' level. In the view of sustainable development, construction, green economy and human health are basic fields. With the concept of ecosystem regulation, we can relate these fields organically and fulfill the task of human health, welfare and sustainable development. Ecosystem regulation is the base of sustainable development's new para-digm.

Research on Urban Orientation Based on Niche Theory

Niche theory is one of the ecoiogical theorems and it is applied to urban planning and design： Firstly, the author has concluded some defects of present urban design on the basis of the theory. Secondly, with the competing and overlapping concepts introduced, the connotation of urban niche has been defined and expounded. Thirdly, the relationship between urban niche and urban development has also been expiained. Lastly, some proposals and measures have been put forward.

Deliberative Democracy Establishment in Environmental Policies： alternatives for the Environmental Conflict Resolution

The environmental problems can not be addressed in all their depth and complexity, and the most viable solutions can be made only by direct and continuous reference to the large issues of the development of the society as a whole. Environment and economic development are indissoluble, the first is where we all live, and development is what we all do to improve our fate in this environment. A main cause is the attitude of economic operators towards the environment, an attitude according to which profit should be pursued immediately, while nature protection is left for later. Ecological crisis is a new phenomenon, but derived from anthropological crisis. This reflects, at a global level, man＇s inner crisis. Every man in part, and not people or humanity in general, is responsible for this crisis. Individual responsibility is not a question of quality, but a question of quantity. The ecological crisis is linked to the personal and social life of man as a whole. The convenience, lack of respect for things, irrational waste, lack of measure, irresponsibility, injustice, exploitation, winning dirty money, eudemonism, which manifest on all aspects of life and human activity, are factors that provoke it. And, unfortunately, they maintain it.

Biogas Production from Organic Wastes to Promote Satisfying EU Requirements

Producing of renewable energy--as well in world as in national context--was necessitated by the synergistic effect of the climate change and the long term, continuous price rise of the fossil energy carriers. Main reasons for the spread of renewable energy sources are to increase the security of the energy supply or in optimal case, to realize the total energy independence. Furthermore, numerous studies demonstrate that production and also utilization of biofuels--including the organic waste-based fuels--are environmentally sustainable and have positive impact for the security of energy supply. This paper deals with production of biogas （from agricultural organic wastes） for energy. The production of biogas and the other biofuels will help you find the balance in agriculture because they can be generated from biomass, agricultural wastes and non-food plant material. In addition to the objective of saving emissions, EU biofuels policy aims to ensure the necessary energy and to decrease unemployment. So this paper would like to contribute to the EU requirements through the research. The producing system can be expansible by utilization of other organic material, so it is supported the efficient operation.

The Problems and Their Countermeasures of China＇s Rural Ecological Environment Construction

Good rural ecological environment is an important prerequisite for rural economic development, However, China＇s rural ecological environment has been destroyed sharply, which seriously affects the development of rural economy. The rural economy occupies a pivotal position in the entire national economy. To create a good ecological environment in rural areas has become a top priority of economic development in rural areas, this text analyzes the status and causes of China＇s rural environmental pollution, and proposes countermeasures to improve the rural ecological environment and develop the rural economy.

Scenic Investigation and Assessment of Nature Reserves in Beijing

This paper focuses on a detailed investigation and assessment by choosing seven nature reserves with SD (semantic differential). The samples are chosen from the photos obtained in the investigation, and questionnaires are made according to SD. Through the factor analysis of the data from questionnaires, an assessment curve of the samples is drawn, and space coordinate is concluded. The advantages and disadvantages are also discussed.