Through the studying of the carriers moving of the porous and the definition of S BET ,the equation of the relationship among the porosity,the current density and the etching speed can be deduced.Here,it is sh...Through the studying of the carriers moving of the porous and the definition of S BET ,the equation of the relationship among the porosity,the current density and the etching speed can be deduced.Here,it is shown that for porous silicon made from p type silicon,there is a universal relationship,it is possible to determine the change in porosity with respect to etching under a set etching current density.This relationship is checked against experimental data from several reports on these etching parameters,and they confirm the validity.展开更多
The paper discusses the experimental results pointing to the efficient channel of the CO vibrational to the C2 electronic energy-transfer. The radiation spectra of the d3Hg electronic state of C2 molecule are investig...The paper discusses the experimental results pointing to the efficient channel of the CO vibrational to the C2 electronic energy-transfer. The radiation spectra of the d3Hg electronic state of C2 molecule are investigated and the relation of their kinetics to a vibrational excitation of CO molecules in the He-CO-O2 plasma is discussed. The changes of CO VED (vibrational energy distribution) were imposed by an application of a laser resonator to the discharge tube under investigation. Strong correlation has been found in experiments between concentrations of vibrationally excited CO molecules and the electronically excited state d31qg of C2 molecule. Modulation of the intensity of lasing oscillation cased marked modulation of the intensity of the emission from d3Hg (Swan bands). It was found that the vibrational levels 12 〈 w 〈 20 of the CO molecules most effect on the concentration of the C2 (d3flg). The facts discussed above most probably point to the existence of efficient channel for the VE energy transfer: CO (w) + C2 →CO + C2 (d3II). The efficiency of this channel increases with the growth of populations of high vibrational levels of CO (X1∑, w).展开更多
为了减少采用电磁暂态仿真程序研究大规模交直流电力系统中交流系统不对称故障时的计算量,提出了采用发电机支撑强度进行动态等值的方法。根据500 k V主干网架母线与低压网络拓扑结构以及低压网络是否含有发电机分别采用3种标准等值结...为了减少采用电磁暂态仿真程序研究大规模交直流电力系统中交流系统不对称故障时的计算量,提出了采用发电机支撑强度进行动态等值的方法。根据500 k V主干网架母线与低压网络拓扑结构以及低压网络是否含有发电机分别采用3种标准等值结构替代;其次采用时域聚合法得到等值发电机参数;最后针对动态等值结果评价提出3个量化指标。该文对南方电网2020年规划数据进行等值计算,比较了等值前后主干网架的稳态潮流、短路电流水平和暂态响应特性。比较结果表明,该等值方法既能保证等值前后主干网架稳态潮流不变,又能保证短路电流近似不变;等值系统极大简化原型系统的同时,保持了一定的动态响应相似性。展开更多
In recent years, there has been a rapid development of the wind farms in Japan. It becomes very important to investigate the wind turbine arrangement in wind farm, in order that the wake of one wind turbine does not t...In recent years, there has been a rapid development of the wind farms in Japan. It becomes very important to investigate the wind turbine arrangement in wind farm, in order that the wake of one wind turbine does not to interfere with the flow in other wind turbines. In such a case, in order to achieve the highest possible efficiency from the wind, and to install as many as possible wind turbines within a limited area, it becomes a necessity to study the mutual interference of the wake developed by wind turbines. However, there is no report related to the effect of the turbulence intensity of the external flow on the wake behind a wind turbine generated in the wind tunnel. In this paper, the measurement results of the averaged wind profile and turbulence intensity profile in the wake in the wind tunnel are shown when the turbulence intensity of the external wind was changed. The wind tunnel experiment is performed with 500mm-diameter two-bladed horizontal axis wind turbine and the wind velocity in wake is measured by an I-type hot wire probe. As a result, it is clarified that high turbulence intensities enable to the entrainment of the main flow and the wake and to recover quickly the velocity in the wake.展开更多
Optical properties and ultrafast exciton relaxation dynamics in PbS and core/shell PbS/CdS quantum dots(QDs) have been studied using UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as femtosecond(fs) transient...Optical properties and ultrafast exciton relaxation dynamics in PbS and core/shell PbS/CdS quantum dots(QDs) have been studied using UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as femtosecond(fs) transient absorption spectroscopy.The electronic absorption spectrum of the PbS QDs features broad absorption in the entire near IR-vis-UV region with a monotonic increase in intensity towards shorter wavelength.Relative to PbS,the absorption of the core/shell PbS/CdS QDs shows a slight blue shift in the 600?800 nm region,due to the decrease of the PbS crystal size caused by the synthetic process of the core/shell structure,and increased absorption near 400 nm due to the CdS shell.The PL of the PbS/CdS QDs was ~2.6 times more intense than that of the PbS QDs,due to surface passivation of PbS by CdS,and blue-shifted,attributable to smaller PbS size and thereby stronger quantum confinement in the core/shell QDs.Fs transient absorption measurements of both systems showed a strong transient absorption feature from 600 to 750 nm following excitation at 750 nm.The transient absorption decays can be fit to a biexponential with time constants of 8 and 100 ps for PbS and 6 and 80 ps for PbS/CdS.The amplitude and lifetime of the fast component were excitation intensity dependent,with the amplitude increasing more than linearly with increasing excitation intensity and the lifetime decreasing with increasing intensity.The fast decay is attributed to exciton-exciton annihilation and it occurs more readily for the PbS/CdS than the PbS QDs,which is attributed to a lower density of trap states in the core/shell QDs,as supported by their stronger PL.展开更多
Optic-electric responsive materials have attracted much attention for their applications in temperaturesensing,actuators,and memory switches.However,it is a challenge to integrate various functions to form multifuncti...Optic-electric responsive materials have attracted much attention for their applications in temperaturesensing,actuators,and memory switches.However,it is a challenge to integrate various functions to form multifunctional responsive materials.As molecule-based hybrid materials usually consist of organic and inorganic components,the introduction of multiple functions can be achieved through structural construction.Thus far,even though fulltemperature cover is required for device applications,fulltemperature covered multi-switchable hybrid materials have rarely been successfully synthesized.Herein,the dynamic[(CH3)3NOH]+cation and luminous center Mn(II)were introduced to form a hybrid material[(CH3)3NOH][Mn Cl3],showing multiple temperature-responsive behaviors.Upon temperature change,it exhibits multi-state dielectric switching response and intensity or peak shift response of luminous in full-temperature range(low,room,and high temperatures).These responsive behaviors are triggered by the motion or reorientation of[(CH3)3NOH]+cations and inorganic framework.Overall,the switchable photoelectric material has potential applications in multiple encrypted storage and sensor devices.展开更多
Zinc oxide(ZnO) microrod arrays were synthesized on Si substrate by a vapor phase transport(VPT) method in a tube furnace.The obtained ZnO microrods are characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-r...Zinc oxide(ZnO) microrod arrays were synthesized on Si substrate by a vapor phase transport(VPT) method in a tube furnace.The obtained ZnO microrods are characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The photoluminescence(PL) measurement indicates that the ZnO microrods have a strong ultraviolet(UV) emission centered at ~391 nm and a defect-related emission centered at ~530 nm.After the microrods were coated with graphene oxide(GO),the PL intensity of the hybrid microstructure is quenched compared with that of the bare one at the same excitation condition,and the PL intensity changes with the concentration of the GO.The fluorescence quenching mechanism is also discussed in this work.展开更多
文摘Through the studying of the carriers moving of the porous and the definition of S BET ,the equation of the relationship among the porosity,the current density and the etching speed can be deduced.Here,it is shown that for porous silicon made from p type silicon,there is a universal relationship,it is possible to determine the change in porosity with respect to etching under a set etching current density.This relationship is checked against experimental data from several reports on these etching parameters,and they confirm the validity.
文摘The paper discusses the experimental results pointing to the efficient channel of the CO vibrational to the C2 electronic energy-transfer. The radiation spectra of the d3Hg electronic state of C2 molecule are investigated and the relation of their kinetics to a vibrational excitation of CO molecules in the He-CO-O2 plasma is discussed. The changes of CO VED (vibrational energy distribution) were imposed by an application of a laser resonator to the discharge tube under investigation. Strong correlation has been found in experiments between concentrations of vibrationally excited CO molecules and the electronically excited state d31qg of C2 molecule. Modulation of the intensity of lasing oscillation cased marked modulation of the intensity of the emission from d3Hg (Swan bands). It was found that the vibrational levels 12 〈 w 〈 20 of the CO molecules most effect on the concentration of the C2 (d3flg). The facts discussed above most probably point to the existence of efficient channel for the VE energy transfer: CO (w) + C2 →CO + C2 (d3II). The efficiency of this channel increases with the growth of populations of high vibrational levels of CO (X1∑, w).
文摘为了减少采用电磁暂态仿真程序研究大规模交直流电力系统中交流系统不对称故障时的计算量,提出了采用发电机支撑强度进行动态等值的方法。根据500 k V主干网架母线与低压网络拓扑结构以及低压网络是否含有发电机分别采用3种标准等值结构替代;其次采用时域聚合法得到等值发电机参数;最后针对动态等值结果评价提出3个量化指标。该文对南方电网2020年规划数据进行等值计算,比较了等值前后主干网架的稳态潮流、短路电流水平和暂态响应特性。比较结果表明,该等值方法既能保证等值前后主干网架稳态潮流不变,又能保证短路电流近似不变;等值系统极大简化原型系统的同时,保持了一定的动态响应相似性。
基金A part of this study is funded by METI/NEDO in Research and Development Project of Next Generation Wind Turbine Generation Technology (R&D of Basic and Applied Technology)
文摘In recent years, there has been a rapid development of the wind farms in Japan. It becomes very important to investigate the wind turbine arrangement in wind farm, in order that the wake of one wind turbine does not to interfere with the flow in other wind turbines. In such a case, in order to achieve the highest possible efficiency from the wind, and to install as many as possible wind turbines within a limited area, it becomes a necessity to study the mutual interference of the wake developed by wind turbines. However, there is no report related to the effect of the turbulence intensity of the external flow on the wake behind a wind turbine generated in the wind tunnel. In this paper, the measurement results of the averaged wind profile and turbulence intensity profile in the wake in the wind tunnel are shown when the turbulence intensity of the external wind was changed. The wind tunnel experiment is performed with 500mm-diameter two-bladed horizontal axis wind turbine and the wind velocity in wake is measured by an I-type hot wire probe. As a result, it is clarified that high turbulence intensities enable to the entrainment of the main flow and the wake and to recover quickly the velocity in the wake.
基金supported by the Basic Energy Sciences Division of the US DOE (DE-FG02-ER46232)
文摘Optical properties and ultrafast exciton relaxation dynamics in PbS and core/shell PbS/CdS quantum dots(QDs) have been studied using UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as femtosecond(fs) transient absorption spectroscopy.The electronic absorption spectrum of the PbS QDs features broad absorption in the entire near IR-vis-UV region with a monotonic increase in intensity towards shorter wavelength.Relative to PbS,the absorption of the core/shell PbS/CdS QDs shows a slight blue shift in the 600?800 nm region,due to the decrease of the PbS crystal size caused by the synthetic process of the core/shell structure,and increased absorption near 400 nm due to the CdS shell.The PL of the PbS/CdS QDs was ~2.6 times more intense than that of the PbS QDs,due to surface passivation of PbS by CdS,and blue-shifted,attributable to smaller PbS size and thereby stronger quantum confinement in the core/shell QDs.Fs transient absorption measurements of both systems showed a strong transient absorption feature from 600 to 750 nm following excitation at 750 nm.The transient absorption decays can be fit to a biexponential with time constants of 8 and 100 ps for PbS and 6 and 80 ps for PbS/CdS.The amplitude and lifetime of the fast component were excitation intensity dependent,with the amplitude increasing more than linearly with increasing excitation intensity and the lifetime decreasing with increasing intensity.The fast decay is attributed to exciton-exciton annihilation and it occurs more readily for the PbS/CdS than the PbS QDs,which is attributed to a lower density of trap states in the core/shell QDs,as supported by their stronger PL.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21991141)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ20B010001)Zhejiang Normal University。
文摘Optic-electric responsive materials have attracted much attention for their applications in temperaturesensing,actuators,and memory switches.However,it is a challenge to integrate various functions to form multifunctional responsive materials.As molecule-based hybrid materials usually consist of organic and inorganic components,the introduction of multiple functions can be achieved through structural construction.Thus far,even though fulltemperature cover is required for device applications,fulltemperature covered multi-switchable hybrid materials have rarely been successfully synthesized.Herein,the dynamic[(CH3)3NOH]+cation and luminous center Mn(II)were introduced to form a hybrid material[(CH3)3NOH][Mn Cl3],showing multiple temperature-responsive behaviors.Upon temperature change,it exhibits multi-state dielectric switching response and intensity or peak shift response of luminous in full-temperature range(low,room,and high temperatures).These responsive behaviors are triggered by the motion or reorientation of[(CH3)3NOH]+cations and inorganic framework.Overall,the switchable photoelectric material has potential applications in multiple encrypted storage and sensor devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.1140428911404328 and 11547227)+1 种基金the Key Technologies R&D Program of Henan Province(No.142102210642)the High-level Talents Research and Startup Foundation Projects for Doctors of Zhoukou Normal University(No.ZKNU2015104)
文摘Zinc oxide(ZnO) microrod arrays were synthesized on Si substrate by a vapor phase transport(VPT) method in a tube furnace.The obtained ZnO microrods are characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The photoluminescence(PL) measurement indicates that the ZnO microrods have a strong ultraviolet(UV) emission centered at ~391 nm and a defect-related emission centered at ~530 nm.After the microrods were coated with graphene oxide(GO),the PL intensity of the hybrid microstructure is quenched compared with that of the bare one at the same excitation condition,and the PL intensity changes with the concentration of the GO.The fluorescence quenching mechanism is also discussed in this work.