Global climate change promotes the energy system reform. Achieving a high proportion of renewable energy becomes the major countries＇ energy strategy. As proposed in its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions ...Global climate change promotes the energy system reform. Achieving a high proportion of renewable energy becomes the major countries＇ energy strategy. As proposed in its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions （INDC）, China intends to raise the proportion of non-fossil energy in primary energy consumption to about 20% by 2030. That ambitious goal means the non-fossil energy supplies by 2030 will be 7-8 times that of 2005, and the annual increase rate is more than 8% within the 25 years. Besides, the capacity of wind power, solar power, hy- dropower and nuclear power reaches 400 GW, 350 GW, 450 GW, and 150 GW respectively, and China＇s non-fossil power capacity is even greater than the U.S.＇s total power capacity. In addition, the scale of natural gas increases. Consequently, by 2030, the proportion of coal falls from the current 70% to below 50%, and the CO2 intensity of energy consumption decreases by 20% compared with the level of 2005, which play important roles in significantly reducing the CO2 intensity of GDE Since China has confirmed to achieve the CO2 emissions peak around 2030, at that time, the newly added energy demand will be satisfied by non-fossil energy, and the consumption of fossil fuel will stop growing. By 2030, non-fossil energy accounts for 20%, and the large scale and sound momentum of new and renewable energy industry will support the growth of total energy demand, which plays a key role in CO2 emissions peaking and beginning to decline, and lays the foundation for establishing a new energy system dominated by new and renewable energy in the second half of the 21 st century as well as finally achieving the CO2 zero-emission.展开更多
This paper collects and synthesizes the technical requirements, implementation, and validation methods for quasi-steady agent-based simulations of interconnectionscale models with particular attention to the integrati...This paper collects and synthesizes the technical requirements, implementation, and validation methods for quasi-steady agent-based simulations of interconnectionscale models with particular attention to the integration of renewable generation and controllable loads. Approaches for modeling aggregated controllable loads are presented and placed in the same control and economic modeling framework as generation resources for interconnection planning studies. Model performance is examined with system parameters that are typical for an interconnection approximately the size of the Western Electricity Coordinating Council(WECC) and a control area about 1/100 the size of the system. These results are used to demonstrate and validate the methods presented.展开更多
Wind energy is renewable energy which is an alternative to the challenge facing the worlds electricity sector to reduce the conventional electricity that is based on burning fossil fuels. Mexico recognizes the need to...Wind energy is renewable energy which is an alternative to the challenge facing the worlds electricity sector to reduce the conventional electricity that is based on burning fossil fuels. Mexico recognizes the need to undertake sustainable development activities that promote the welfare of present and future generations. This country has a significant potential whose exploitation could meet up to 5% of electricity needs. The region of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in Oaxaca State has been characterized as the region with the highest wind resources in Mexico. This article discusses the current state of wind energy in this region from an economic perspective, environmental policy and to promote greater participation in the national grid.展开更多
The rapid change in economic growth and human civilization has led to a dramatic increase in energy utilization and electricity demand. That faces nations with the challenge of maintaining cost-effective and clean pow...The rapid change in economic growth and human civilization has led to a dramatic increase in energy utilization and electricity demand. That faces nations with the challenge of maintaining cost-effective and clean power energy production. This paper aims to present Afghanistan electricity sector development and energy resources exploitation in a broad context. With the global growing interest in Afghanistan rehabilitation, this paper presents energy development trends in Afghanistan. Besides, the future outlook up to 2032 and the challenges that face electricity sector are highlighted. This study tries to emerge the historical development, current status, and future direction of Afghanistan electricity sector till 2032, in a precise collection.展开更多
In terms of hydropower resources in the country, Nepal ranks second in the world. But it has not acted seriously in terms of utilization. The effort began from the Rana days when they ruled the country for more than c...In terms of hydropower resources in the country, Nepal ranks second in the world. But it has not acted seriously in terms of utilization. The effort began from the Rana days when they ruled the country for more than century. For energy, unfortunately, the country has at times sought thermal source rather than hydropower.For energy needs, it first depended upon foreign aid in the earlier dates. As late as in the ＇60s, it depended upon such assistance rather than developing its own. So much so, that it imported electrical power from neighbouring country. Later, it was developed both under foreign aid as well the multilateral assistance and loan. The electricity generation gradually became more and more costly. Only later, genuine private sectors have joined the energy market. But the terms and conditions have not always been in the national interest. There is a wide variation in cost of energy under different conditions of power development in the country, from the cheapest to the costliest. Both for generation and distribution, Nepal Electric Corporation should no longer continue its monopoly.Private sector should be promoted given more role to play for economy and operation.The paper discusses the different options available and practised in Nepal.展开更多
Training needs analysis is the preliminary step in a cyclical process which adds to the overall training and progress strategy of staff in a generation power plant or a professional group, questionnaires were distribu...Training needs analysis is the preliminary step in a cyclical process which adds to the overall training and progress strategy of staff in a generation power plant or a professional group, questionnaires were distributed among WAJPCO （Wadi Al Jizzi Power Company） staff and their responses were used to conduct a training need and gap analyses with a view to identify the operational skill and the training needs of the generation power plant, the time and travel commitment the industry is willing to invest in employee training, and an understanding of what skills are considered specific to lumber manufacturing and what can be combined with the needs of other industries and taught locally.展开更多
This paper presents a practical method for calculating a power user’s customer interruption costs(CIC)under specific conditions.This novel method has been developed,based on the CIC results predicted by Lawrence Berk...This paper presents a practical method for calculating a power user’s customer interruption costs(CIC)under specific conditions.This novel method has been developed,based on the CIC results predicted by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory(LBNL),so that the key factors,such as customer type,customer size,interruption occurrence time and interruption duration can be considered.As compared to the LBNL method,the method proposed here is easy to understand and easy to execute with an acceptable error.It lays a solid foundation for further investigation of distributed generators and demand response in assessing reliability value of smart distribution grid(SDG).The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed through the assessment of RBTS-Bus2.展开更多
With the specific characteristics of low-carbon intensity and economy,wind power has been widely promoted around the world.Due to the variable and intermittent nature of wind power production,the system has to frequen...With the specific characteristics of low-carbon intensity and economy,wind power has been widely promoted around the world.Due to the variable and intermittent nature of wind power production,the system has to frequently redispatch generators in order to ensure the effective use of wind power whilst maintaining system security.In this way,traditional generation costs are increased and the social benefit of wind power decreases indirectly.In this paper,a new regulation strategy based on power flow tracing was proposed,taking advantage of a comfort-constrained demand response strategy to follow the fluctuations of wind farm output,with the remaining imbalance of active power compensated by traditional generators.Examples showed that compared with conventional regulation,demand response could reduce the gross operating costs of the system,and the rapid response could help maintaining system stability in case of contingency.The strategy in this paper also applies to other large-scale integration problems associated with renewable energy resources which display short-term production variability.展开更多
文摘Global climate change promotes the energy system reform. Achieving a high proportion of renewable energy becomes the major countries＇ energy strategy. As proposed in its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions （INDC）, China intends to raise the proportion of non-fossil energy in primary energy consumption to about 20% by 2030. That ambitious goal means the non-fossil energy supplies by 2030 will be 7-8 times that of 2005, and the annual increase rate is more than 8% within the 25 years. Besides, the capacity of wind power, solar power, hy- dropower and nuclear power reaches 400 GW, 350 GW, 450 GW, and 150 GW respectively, and China＇s non-fossil power capacity is even greater than the U.S.＇s total power capacity. In addition, the scale of natural gas increases. Consequently, by 2030, the proportion of coal falls from the current 70% to below 50%, and the CO2 intensity of energy consumption decreases by 20% compared with the level of 2005, which play important roles in significantly reducing the CO2 intensity of GDE Since China has confirmed to achieve the CO2 emissions peak around 2030, at that time, the newly added energy demand will be satisfied by non-fossil energy, and the consumption of fossil fuel will stop growing. By 2030, non-fossil energy accounts for 20%, and the large scale and sound momentum of new and renewable energy industry will support the growth of total energy demand, which plays a key role in CO2 emissions peaking and beginning to decline, and lays the foundation for establishing a new energy system dominated by new and renewable energy in the second half of the 21 st century as well as finally achieving the CO2 zero-emission.
文摘This paper collects and synthesizes the technical requirements, implementation, and validation methods for quasi-steady agent-based simulations of interconnectionscale models with particular attention to the integration of renewable generation and controllable loads. Approaches for modeling aggregated controllable loads are presented and placed in the same control and economic modeling framework as generation resources for interconnection planning studies. Model performance is examined with system parameters that are typical for an interconnection approximately the size of the Western Electricity Coordinating Council(WECC) and a control area about 1/100 the size of the system. These results are used to demonstrate and validate the methods presented.
文摘Wind energy is renewable energy which is an alternative to the challenge facing the worlds electricity sector to reduce the conventional electricity that is based on burning fossil fuels. Mexico recognizes the need to undertake sustainable development activities that promote the welfare of present and future generations. This country has a significant potential whose exploitation could meet up to 5% of electricity needs. The region of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in Oaxaca State has been characterized as the region with the highest wind resources in Mexico. This article discusses the current state of wind energy in this region from an economic perspective, environmental policy and to promote greater participation in the national grid.
文摘The rapid change in economic growth and human civilization has led to a dramatic increase in energy utilization and electricity demand. That faces nations with the challenge of maintaining cost-effective and clean power energy production. This paper aims to present Afghanistan electricity sector development and energy resources exploitation in a broad context. With the global growing interest in Afghanistan rehabilitation, this paper presents energy development trends in Afghanistan. Besides, the future outlook up to 2032 and the challenges that face electricity sector are highlighted. This study tries to emerge the historical development, current status, and future direction of Afghanistan electricity sector till 2032, in a precise collection.
文摘In terms of hydropower resources in the country, Nepal ranks second in the world. But it has not acted seriously in terms of utilization. The effort began from the Rana days when they ruled the country for more than century. For energy, unfortunately, the country has at times sought thermal source rather than hydropower.For energy needs, it first depended upon foreign aid in the earlier dates. As late as in the ＇60s, it depended upon such assistance rather than developing its own. So much so, that it imported electrical power from neighbouring country. Later, it was developed both under foreign aid as well the multilateral assistance and loan. The electricity generation gradually became more and more costly. Only later, genuine private sectors have joined the energy market. But the terms and conditions have not always been in the national interest. There is a wide variation in cost of energy under different conditions of power development in the country, from the cheapest to the costliest. Both for generation and distribution, Nepal Electric Corporation should no longer continue its monopoly.Private sector should be promoted given more role to play for economy and operation.The paper discusses the different options available and practised in Nepal.
文摘Training needs analysis is the preliminary step in a cyclical process which adds to the overall training and progress strategy of staff in a generation power plant or a professional group, questionnaires were distributed among WAJPCO （Wadi Al Jizzi Power Company） staff and their responses were used to conduct a training need and gap analyses with a view to identify the operational skill and the training needs of the generation power plant, the time and travel commitment the industry is willing to invest in employee training, and an understanding of what skills are considered specific to lumber manufacturing and what can be combined with the needs of other industries and taught locally.
文摘This paper presents a practical method for calculating a power user’s customer interruption costs(CIC)under specific conditions.This novel method has been developed,based on the CIC results predicted by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory(LBNL),so that the key factors,such as customer type,customer size,interruption occurrence time and interruption duration can be considered.As compared to the LBNL method,the method proposed here is easy to understand and easy to execute with an acceptable error.It lays a solid foundation for further investigation of distributed generators and demand response in assessing reliability value of smart distribution grid(SDG).The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed through the assessment of RBTS-Bus2.
基金supported by Special Fund of the National Basic Research Program of China ("973" Program),Grant Nos. 2009CB219701,2010CB234608)Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Development Program of China (Grant No. 09JCZDJC25000)+1 种基金Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No.20090032110064)Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions (PICS)
文摘With the specific characteristics of low-carbon intensity and economy,wind power has been widely promoted around the world.Due to the variable and intermittent nature of wind power production,the system has to frequently redispatch generators in order to ensure the effective use of wind power whilst maintaining system security.In this way,traditional generation costs are increased and the social benefit of wind power decreases indirectly.In this paper,a new regulation strategy based on power flow tracing was proposed,taking advantage of a comfort-constrained demand response strategy to follow the fluctuations of wind farm output,with the remaining imbalance of active power compensated by traditional generators.Examples showed that compared with conventional regulation,demand response could reduce the gross operating costs of the system,and the rapid response could help maintaining system stability in case of contingency.The strategy in this paper also applies to other large-scale integration problems associated with renewable energy resources which display short-term production variability.
