Ustilaginoidea virens is the causal agent of a serious disease of rice. To reveal the relationship between germination and the 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate(c AMP) content from the dormant(black or gree...Ustilaginoidea virens is the causal agent of a serious disease of rice. To reveal the relationship between germination and the 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate(c AMP) content from the dormant(black or green-black) and non-dormant(yellow)chlamydospore in Ustiloginoidea virens,this study adopts ultrasonic-bath method and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) method, for extraction c AMP content of the different color chlamydospore. The results demonstrated that, as for the freshly chlamydospores collected from the false smut balls during their germination, c AMP content of yellow chlamydospore appeared a slight growth during 0-12 h, and showed a rapid declining as the germination time extended(12-48 h). Above all, in yellow chlamydospores, the germination rate and the content of c AMP presented a very notably negative correlation(|r|=0.861 9>r0.01=0.834), but the correlation between germination rate and content of c AMP was not obvious in black chlamydospores. The germination rate and the content of c AMP presented a notably positive correlation under different storage period(0, 2, 4, 6, 8,10 months) of the two color chlamydospores(the yellow of chlamydospore: |r | = 0.785 1 > r0.05= 0.707; the black of chlamydospore: |r| = 0.957 9 > r0.05= 0.707).展开更多
The habanero chili （Capsicum chinense Jacq.） is a species of great demand in the domestic and international markets. One problem in the cultivation is low percentage of seed germination. There is little information ...The habanero chili （Capsicum chinense Jacq.） is a species of great demand in the domestic and international markets. One problem in the cultivation is low percentage of seed germination. There is little information on the use of promoters and imbibition time to increase this parameter, without compromising the quality of seedlings. In this context, authors assessed the independent effect of GAs （gibberellic acid） and KNOs at concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg·L1. Seeds without preconditioning were the witness. The experimental unit was a Petri dish with 50 seeds on filter paper placed equidistant. There were three replicates per treatment and the experimental design was randomized complete block. Imbibition time was 24 h. The experimental units were kept in an incubator at 22 ± 2 ℃. From the time of planting and for periods of 24 h for 14 d, experimental units were reviewed to determine the time at the beginning of germination and the total cumulative percentage. The authors also determined the number of normal and abnormal seedlings, the length of hypocotyl and radicle, weight of fresh and dry matter of seedlings. On the fifth day after sowing in vitro, concentrations of 500 mg·L^-1 of GAs, 300 and 400 mg·L^-1 KNO3, increased 208% the percentage of seed germination of habanero chile. On day 14 after sowing in vitro concentrations of 500 mg·L^-1 GA3, 300 and 400 mg·L^-1 KNO3, increased 23% normal seedlings and 40% dry matter thereof, with respect to seeds obtained without preconditioning. Unconditioned seeds before sowing produced 125% more seedlings.展开更多
The hard seed husk and the presence of tannin anti-nutrient in tamarind seeds are an obstacle to its use as animal feed. Soaking as a pretreatment and fermentation can lower the limitations, The aim of this study was ...The hard seed husk and the presence of tannin anti-nutrient in tamarind seeds are an obstacle to its use as animal feed. Soaking as a pretreatment and fermentation can lower the limitations, The aim of this study was to evaluate of dry matter, organic matter and energy content of tamarind seeds using processing method of soaking and fermentation using palm juice. Tamarind seeds were collected then sorted using floating test. The sorted seeds then soaked in water, drained, mixed with palm juice then fermented. The study used a randomized complete design with a 3~3 factorial patem and 3 replications. First factor was length of soaking （W0 = 0 days, W1 = 2 days, and W2 = 4 days）, second factor was level of palm juice （L0 = 0% of palm juice, L1 = 20% of palm juice, and L2 = 40% of palm juice）, and third factor was length of fermentation （F0 = 0 hours, F1 = 36 hours, F2 = 72 hours, and F3 = 108 hours）. Parameters observed were dry matter, organic matter, and energy content. The results showed that there was interaction between soaking time, palm juice level, and fermentation time to dry matter, organic matter, and whole tamarind seed as well as best combination for treatment with 2 days soaking time, 20% palm juice level and fermentation time 72 hours. It is recommended to perform the digestibility test to be applied to pigs.展开更多
基金supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(Class tutors,Grant No.20114320110008)the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department,China(Grant No.11A052,No.12JJ4028)Inquiry Learning and Innovative Experiment Projects of Hunan Provincial Undergraduate(SCX1219)
文摘Ustilaginoidea virens is the causal agent of a serious disease of rice. To reveal the relationship between germination and the 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate(c AMP) content from the dormant(black or green-black) and non-dormant(yellow)chlamydospore in Ustiloginoidea virens,this study adopts ultrasonic-bath method and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) method, for extraction c AMP content of the different color chlamydospore. The results demonstrated that, as for the freshly chlamydospores collected from the false smut balls during their germination, c AMP content of yellow chlamydospore appeared a slight growth during 0-12 h, and showed a rapid declining as the germination time extended(12-48 h). Above all, in yellow chlamydospores, the germination rate and the content of c AMP presented a very notably negative correlation(|r|=0.861 9>r0.01=0.834), but the correlation between germination rate and content of c AMP was not obvious in black chlamydospores. The germination rate and the content of c AMP presented a notably positive correlation under different storage period(0, 2, 4, 6, 8,10 months) of the two color chlamydospores(the yellow of chlamydospore: |r | = 0.785 1 > r0.05= 0.707; the black of chlamydospore: |r| = 0.957 9 > r0.05= 0.707).
文摘The habanero chili （Capsicum chinense Jacq.） is a species of great demand in the domestic and international markets. One problem in the cultivation is low percentage of seed germination. There is little information on the use of promoters and imbibition time to increase this parameter, without compromising the quality of seedlings. In this context, authors assessed the independent effect of GAs （gibberellic acid） and KNOs at concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg·L1. Seeds without preconditioning were the witness. The experimental unit was a Petri dish with 50 seeds on filter paper placed equidistant. There were three replicates per treatment and the experimental design was randomized complete block. Imbibition time was 24 h. The experimental units were kept in an incubator at 22 ± 2 ℃. From the time of planting and for periods of 24 h for 14 d, experimental units were reviewed to determine the time at the beginning of germination and the total cumulative percentage. The authors also determined the number of normal and abnormal seedlings, the length of hypocotyl and radicle, weight of fresh and dry matter of seedlings. On the fifth day after sowing in vitro, concentrations of 500 mg·L^-1 of GAs, 300 and 400 mg·L^-1 KNO3, increased 208% the percentage of seed germination of habanero chile. On day 14 after sowing in vitro concentrations of 500 mg·L^-1 GA3, 300 and 400 mg·L^-1 KNO3, increased 23% normal seedlings and 40% dry matter thereof, with respect to seeds obtained without preconditioning. Unconditioned seeds before sowing produced 125% more seedlings.
文摘The hard seed husk and the presence of tannin anti-nutrient in tamarind seeds are an obstacle to its use as animal feed. Soaking as a pretreatment and fermentation can lower the limitations, The aim of this study was to evaluate of dry matter, organic matter and energy content of tamarind seeds using processing method of soaking and fermentation using palm juice. Tamarind seeds were collected then sorted using floating test. The sorted seeds then soaked in water, drained, mixed with palm juice then fermented. The study used a randomized complete design with a 3~3 factorial patem and 3 replications. First factor was length of soaking （W0 = 0 days, W1 = 2 days, and W2 = 4 days）, second factor was level of palm juice （L0 = 0% of palm juice, L1 = 20% of palm juice, and L2 = 40% of palm juice）, and third factor was length of fermentation （F0 = 0 hours, F1 = 36 hours, F2 = 72 hours, and F3 = 108 hours）. Parameters observed were dry matter, organic matter, and energy content. The results showed that there was interaction between soaking time, palm juice level, and fermentation time to dry matter, organic matter, and whole tamarind seed as well as best combination for treatment with 2 days soaking time, 20% palm juice level and fermentation time 72 hours. It is recommended to perform the digestibility test to be applied to pigs.
