“茶叶四发肥”对春茶新梢生长和产量的效应

在春茶采摘前半个月喷施适量“茶叶四发肥”对春茶新梢生长和产量及品质改善有明显的促进作用,能加速茶芽萌发,提早3～4天开采,发芽密度和百芽重增加,生长整齐,产量增加10.6％。并明显提高氨基酸内含物等含量。投入产出比达1:9以上。

应用“茶叶四发肥”对春茶的效应研究

应用“茶叶四发肥”对春茶的效应研究杨桂芳，温正军，张朝多（苍南县农业局）“茶叶四发肥”（以下简写ＴＦ）是浙江省农科院土肥所试制的一种对茶芽具有早发、多发、壮发、齐发独特功效的茶叶叶面营养剂。为了明确ＴＦ的使用对春茶产量和品质的影响，并探讨它在当地的适...

Expact(发肥)在春季蔬菜上的应用试验

Expact(发肥)是上海紫华进出口公司提供的选用奶牛粪便经多阶段发酵而成的土壤活性肥料。为了解和掌握Expact(以下简称发肥)在蔬菜上的应用效果。我站于1997年春季,有闵行、嘉定、浦东、南江、奉贤、松江等区县的有关乡镇开展了试验,现将结果总结如下。1发肥在马铃薯上的应用1.1材料和方法 发肥原液以1.5用水稀释后,放置20℃左右,有光照处3天后备用。马铃薯播种前1天,用喷雾器把发肥溶液(兑水的稀释液)

贫困地区发展商品经济的出路

贫难地区发展商品经济的困难很大,选择其最佳出路,是贫困地区党政领导的当务之急。笔者认为,根据我省贫困地区经济发展的现状,应把出路定在发展大户经济方面。

Optimized Allocation Model for Regional Agricultural Fertilizer Resources in Southern Xinjiang from the Perspective of Sustainable Development

[Objective] This study was to establish an optimized model for the allocation of agricultural fertilizer resources in Southern Xinjiang from the perspective of sustainable development.[Method] An optimized model for the allocation of agricultural fertilizer resources was established based on their allocation structure.Combined with the actual agricultural production in Aksu areas of Southern Xinjiang,by establishing a rational evaluation index system,under the premise of considering the planting area constraints,the total water resources constraints and the security constraints of food production,we established the empirical optimal allocation model of the regional agricultural fertilizer resources in Aksu area of Southern Xinjiang.Moreover,we solved the model by using the search algorithm of computer and lingo programming.[Result] The increased economic benefit was near to 1.8 billion Yuan by adopting the optimal allocation methods,with a relative increment of about 34.4%.[Conclusion] Our results provided theoretical basis for achieving the sustainable development of agricultural economy in Southern Xinjiang.

知识农业问题初探

十年前,邓小平同志在《科学技术是第一生产力》一文中指出:“将来农业问题的出路,最终要由生物工程来解决,要靠尖端技术。”“知识经济”学说的出现及其迅速而广泛地应用,充分体现了这一论断的正确性。深入学习邓小平理论,认真研究作为知识经济重要组成部分的知识农业问题,把工作的着重点转移到依靠科学技术上来。

Effect of Controlled Release Nitrogen on Wheat Growth and Yield

[Objective] Effects of controlled release N fertilizers on wheat growth and yield were studied to provide reference for the application of controlled release fertilizers on wheat. [Method] A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different types and levels of controlled release N fertilizers on the growth and yield of wheat. In this experiment, a treatment with the application of common urea and potassium chloride（common fertilizer） was established, and treatments with controlled release N fertilizers A and B with different coating materials were also established. [Result] The results showed that under the condition of the same P and K levels, controlled release N fertilizer A at a proportion of 100%, controlled release N fertilizer A at a proportion of 80% and controlled release N fertilizer B at a proportion of 80% could promote wheat growth, optimize yield components, and increase the amount of dry matter accumulation and grain yield. [Conclusion] One-time application of controlled release N fertilizer could be adopted in wheat production to achieve the purposes of saving fertilizer, saving labor and increasing efficiency.

Effect of trace elements on growth of Pinus tabulaeformis seedling

The stimulative effect of trace elements on seed germination and seedling growth of Pinus tabulaeformis was tested. The experiments were carried out on seed soak and topdressing with different trace elements and varied concentrations at the nursery of Gardens Research Institute, Harbin, in 2000-2001. The experimental results showed that soaking seed with 1% and 0.2% concentrations of Mn element produced best result for seed germination, and the germination rate was increased by 9%~19% for the seeds treated with 1% concentration and 12%~14% for the seeds treated with 0.2% concentration compared with the control group. The seeds treated with boron element had lowest germination rate. For trace element topdressing, Mn and Mo elements presented good result for seedling growth and the treatment with low concentration was even better. The height or chlorophyll content of the seedlings with spray of low-concentration Mn and Mo element was much higher than that of untreated ones. In the contrast to the treating method of seed soak, topdressing (application of spraying on foliage) had evident effect on seedling growth.

Effects of FCMP Compound Fertilizer on Development and Yield of Early Rice

[Objective] The aim was to explore effects of FCMP compound fertilizer on growth, development and yield of early rice. [Method] Based on lower-graded phos- phate resource, effects of FCMP compound fertilizers on yield and growth of early rice in a field were researched. [Result] FCMP compound fertilizers 0, 1 and 2 en- hanced rice yield, increasing by 21.86%, 20.25% and 13.46%, compared with the rice applied with conventional fertilizer; number of productive ears and grain number per ear in unit area were improved by FCMP compound fertilizer, for example, the two factors achieved the highest with FCMP compound fertilizer 1, increasing by 11.70% and 19.63%. Furthermore, FCMP compound fertilizer promoted plant height and tiller number, maintained high photosynthetic efficiency, enhanced lodging-resis- tance and guaranteed stable and high yield. [Conclusion] The research is of theoret- ical and practical significance for further exploration of production techniques and application of FCMP compound fertilizer.

Effects of Straw Returning to Fields on Soils and Current Status in Anhui Province

In the research, effects of straw returning to fields on soil temperature, water, volume-weight, porosity, trace elements, and organic matters were reviewed and countermeasures were proposed to promote straw returning on basis of straw resources and present status in Anhui Province.

Effects of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Application on Growth and Dry Matter Accumulation in Mulberry

In this paper, the effect of different fertilizer treatments on the main indexes of growth and development and dry matter accumulation of perennial mulberry, which is cut and pruned in summer, were studied with ‘3414’ field experiment design. The results showed that N, P, and K at proper amounts could promote mulberry growth and development, improve its dry matter content, increase its dry matter accumulation. The effects of N, P, K on leaf yield per plant were respectively expressed as follows： N2 N3 N1 N0 , P2 P1 P3 P0 , K2 K1 K3 K0 . It can be concluded that the recommended fertilizer amounts of dry matter accumulations in mulberry leaf were 694.36 kg/hm2 of N, 198.15 kg/hm2 of P, and 274.26 kg/hm2 of K and the dry matter achieved the maximum at 8 045.04 kg/hm2 . The recommended fertilizer amounts of accumulated dry matter in branch were 1 000.05 kg/hm2 of N, 242.04 kg/hm2 of P, and 218.01 kg/hm 2 of K, and the dry matter achieved the maximum at 5 969.05 kg/hm2 . The recommended fertilizer amount in young shoots were 883.76 kg/hm2 of N, 204.48 kg/hm2 of P and 426.59 kg/hm2 of K and dry matter achieved the maximum at 1 410.24 kg/hm2 . This paper could provide reference for the construction of highly-qualified mulberry field in Sichuan hilly area.

The Application of Seedling Nursing on Moist Trays and Fermentation Heating Using Farmyard Manure Methods in High-altitude Tobacco Areas of Fenggang County

To solve the problems of long seedling culture time and poor quality of tobacco seedlings bred by floating culture technique of seedlings in high-altitude tobacco areas, a comparative trial between seedling nursing on moist trays ＋ fermentation heating using farmyard manure and conventional floating culture of seedlings in Fenggang County was carried out in 2013. The results showed that seedling nursing on moist trays ＋ fermentation heating using farmyard manure can improve 4-5 ℃ of pool water temperature, shorten 8 d of seedling age, increase 4.45 cm of seedling height, thicken 0.46 cm of stem girth and make lateral root system developed. The method can shorten the time of floating breeding of flue-cured tobacco,improve the quality of tobacco seedlings, thus it was suitable to popularize in highaltitude tobacco areas of Fenggang County.

浅议乡镇企业融资的市场化

党的十四大提出我国经济体制改革的目标是建立社会主义市场经济体制,这标志着市场经济将成为我国经济的主要运行方式。为适应这一要求,乡镇企业从单一的银行间接融资逐步向发行债券、股票为主要内容的直接融资即市场融资转换,将成为客观必然。同时,随着改革和建设步代的加快,乡镇企业融资的市场化趋势将进一步加快,其份额也将进一步扩大。因此,研究乡镇企业融资的市场化有其现实和深远的意义。

乡镇所属企业应实行股份制改造

乡镇企业是有中国特色社会主义农村经济的重要组成部分。改革开放以来,乡镇企业异 军突起,已成为我国农村经济中的半壁江山。但是由于乡镇企业一出生就处在市场经济环境 中,因此,对它来说机遇和挑战并存,希望和困难同在。在其产生和发展过程中,自然还存 在着不少困难和问题。我们农业银行肩负着扶持乡镇企业发展的历史使命,在过去一段时间 里,已经付出了很大努力,但从目前状况看,随着贷款额的逐年增加,非正常贷款也在逐年 上升,其风险程度越来越大。如何防范信贷风险,提高信贷资金效益,就不得不从乡镇企业 的经营机制和管理体制上进行探讨和研究。

Effect of Microbial Inoculum Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Super Hybrid Rice

The research designed four application quantities of 0, 2 250, 4 500 and 6 750 g/hm2 based on Liangyou No. 959 to explore the effects of microbial inocu- lure fertilizer on growth and yield of super hybrid rice. The results indicate that the treatment with traditional fertilizers and 4 500 g/hm2 HYT microbial inoculum fertilizer performed the best, where average number of tiller was 2.4 more than that of the control; the number of effective ear was 11.05% higher; yield increased by 10.3%. These have demonstrated that microbial inoculum fertilizer is of great value in pro- motion on super hybrid rice production.

Effects of Different Application Times of Tillering Fertilizer on Grain Yield and Population Development of Double-cropping Rice Transplanted by Machine

The application of tillering fertilizer plays an important role in promoting rice tillering and improving rice yield. However, under the condition of mechanical transplanting, the optimal application time of tillering fertilizer is still unclear. In this study, the early rice cultivar Zhongjiazao 17 and late rice cultivar H You 518 were used as materials, and the effects of different application times of tillering fertilizer on yield and population development of double-cropping rice transplanted by machine were investigated. The tillering fertilizer was applied 7（D07）, 10（D10） and 13（D13） d after the transplanting, respectively. The results showed that compared with those in the D07 treatment groups, the yield of early rice in the D10 and D13 treatment groups were reduced by 9.4% and 3.8%, respectively, and the yield of late rice in the D10 and D13 treatment groups were reduced by 4.5% and 12.6%,respectively. However, there were no significant differences in rice yield among the treatment groups. The application time of tillering fertilizer showed significant effects on grain number per panicle and seed setting rate of early rice. The grain number per panicle in the D10 treatment group was significantly lower than that in the D07 treatment group, and the seed setting rate of the D13 treatment group was significantly lower than that in the D07 treatment group（P〈0.05）. For the late rice, the effect of application time of tillering fertilizer on effective tiller number was most obvious, and the effective tiller number in the D13 treatment group was significantly lower than that in the D07 treatment group（P〈0.05）. Compared with those in the D07 treatment group, the effective tiller numbers, leaf area indexes and biomasses in the D10 and D13 treatment groups were all trended to be decreased. Therefore,to improve the quality of population and fulfill the high-yielding potential of double-cropping rice transplanted by machine, the tillering fertilizer should be applied as early as possible after rice seedlings turn green.

Study on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Pepper under Different Fertilization Modes

With the new pepper cultivar Guanlong as a test material, effects of differ-ent fertilizer application modes on growth and development, yield and photosynthetic characteristics of pepper were studied. The results showed that the plant height and plant expansion of pepper in T4 were the largest, of 104.3 and 90.6 cm, respec-tively. T1 showed the largest weight of single fruit, fruit length and fruit diameter, re-spectively of 101.6 g, 25.49 cm and 4.86 cm. The content of total chlorophyl in the leaves of T1 was the highest, of 66.7 mg/g, and the root activity of T1 was also the highest, of 100.6 g/（g·FW·h）. The net photosynthetic rate of pepper leaves in T5 was the highest, of 6.6 μmol/（m^2·s）, while the net photosynthetic rates of T1 and T2 were the lowest, fluctuating in the range of 1.3-2.5 μmol/（m^2·s）. T3 showed the highest decrease amplitude of stomatal conductance in pepper leaves, of 2 658.1 mol/（m^2·s）, while the decrease amplitudes of stomatal conductance of pepper leaves in treatments T2 and T5 were the lowest, fluctuating in the range of 386.7-428.7 mol/（m^2·s）. T1 showed the highest decrease amplitude of transpiration rate of pepper leaves, of 4.7 mmol/（m^2·s）, while treatment T5 showed the lowest decrease ampli-tude of transpiration rate of pepper leaves, of 1.1 mmol/（m^2·s）. The intercel ular CO2 concentration was the highest in the leaves of T5, of 436.8 μmol/mol. T1 showed the highest plot output, yield per hectare and benefit, of 340.1 kg, 96 448.5 kg/hm^2 and 162 865.6 Yuan/hm^2, respectively, while T3 exhibited the lowest plot output, yield per hectare and benefit, of 260.8 kg, 74 338.5 kg/hm^2 and 124 888.5 Yuan/hm^2, respec-tively.

Model Estimation of Volatilization of Ammonia Appliedwith Surface Film-Forming Material

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the ammonia volatilization loss with or withoutapplication of surface film-forming material (SFFM). Ammonia volatilization loss was estimated by the modeldeveloped by Jayaweera and Mikkelsen. The results showed that the model could estimate and predict wellammonia volatilization loss also in case of SFFM addition. There was an emended factor B introduced tothe model calculation when SFPM was used. Simulated calculation showed that the effect of factor B onNHa loss was obvious. The value of B was governed by SFFM and the environmental conditions. Sensitivityanalysis suggested that pH was the main factor coatrolling NH3 volatilization loss from the floodwater.

Ammonia Volatilization from Winter Wheat Field Top Dressed with Urea

Ammonia volatilization was measured with a continuous air flow enclosure method from a winter wheat field in the Experimental Farm of Jurong Agricultural School to investigate its main influencing factors. The experiment with five treatments in triplicate, no N (control), 100, 200 and 300 kg N ha-1 with rice straw cover at a rate of 1500 kg ha-1 and 200 kg N ha-1 without rice straw, started when the winter wheat was sown in 1994. Sixty percent of the total amount of N applied was hasal and 40% was top-dressed. The measurement of ammonia volatilization was immediately conducted after urea was top-dressed on soil surface at wheat elongation stage in spring of 1996 and 1997. The results showed that there was a diurnal variation of ammonia volatilization rate from the winter wheat field, which synchronized with air temperature. N losses through ammonia volatilization increased with increasing N application rate, but the ratio of N lost through ammonia volatilization to applied N was not significantly affected by N application rate. The coverage of rice straw had no significant effect on ammonia volatilization. Soil moisture and rain events after urea was top-dressed affected ammonia volatilization significantly.