稀土对种子萌发影响的研究进展

稀土元素在农业上得到了广泛应用,产生了显著的经济效益。适量稀土浓度可促进植物生长,提高种子萌发能力,还可增强植物的抗逆性并对一些植物病害具有一定的防治作用。本文从稀土元素对植物种子萌发的影响和影响萌发的机理两方面分析了稀土元素对植物萌发阶段影响的最新研究成果,重点介绍了稀土元素对植物发芽率(势)、发芽指数和活力指数的影响,以及稀土元素对酶合成、呼吸作用、吸水、物质分解和激素变化的影响机理,为稀土农用技术的研究提供新思路。

Effect of ^(12)C^(6+) Ions Beam Irradiation on Seed Germination and Enzymes Activity in Seedlings of Sweet Sorghum

[ Objective] The aim was to study the effect of 12C6 ＋ ions beam irradiation to two varieties of sweet sorghum on seed germination and some enzymes activity in seedlings with different doses, and provided a theoretical foundation for sweet sorghum breeding. [ Method] After germination, the germination potential, germination fraction and enzyme activity were detected, respectively. [ Result] The results showed that with the dose increased, the germination potential of sweet sorghum increased first and then decreased, while their germination fraction presented ＂shoulder like shape＂ ; the activity of LDH, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px increased first and then decreased with doses, they presented slight differences among different enzymes. [ Conclusion] Low dose radiation could accelerate germination of sweet sorghum seeds and enzyme activity could remain at a relatively high level. Enzyme activity decreased with high doses and the growth of sweet sorghum was inhibited.

Effects of Magnetized Water on Seed Germination of Welsh Onion (Allium fistulosum L.)

With Welsh Onion seeds employed as materials, effects of magnetized water on seed Germination were studied. The results showed the treatment of magnetized water soaking for 4 h promoted water absorption rate and amylase ac- tivities of seeds significantly, which accelerated the transformation process of en- dosperm starch to soluble sugar, resulting in emergence of 36 hours in advance under low temperature condition. Germination rate and germination potential of magnetized water soaking were higher than the contrast by 6.7% and 10.0%, which helped cultivate vigorous seedling.

Effects of Different-concentration EMS on Germination of Tarary Buckwheat [Fagopyrum tataricum(L.) Gaertn] Seeds

[Objective] This study aimed to determine the optimum ethyl methane sulfonate（EMS） concentration for germination of tarary buckwheat seeds so as to lay a solid foundation for obtaining excellent traits of tarary buckwheat and breeding new varieties that meet the requirements by EMS mutation breeding. [Method] The seeds of Jinqiaomai No.4, a local tarary buckwheat variety [Fagopyrum tataricum（L.） Gaertn] in Shanxi Province, were used as the material. They were mutagenized by different concentrations（0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 1.7%） of EMS for different times（4, 8, 12 h）. Then the germination rate and germination vigor were analyzed. [Result] With the increase of EMS mutagenic agent concentration, the germination vigor, relative germination vigor, germination rate and relative germination rate are all trended to be decreased. When the EMS concentrations ranged from 0.3%to 1.0%, there were no significant differences between treatment and control groups（P〉0.05）. When the EMS concentrations were 1.5% and 1.7%, significant differences were shown between treatment and control groups（P〈0.01）. The 4 and 8 h treatment of EMS all had no significant effects on germination rate and relative germination rate of Jinqiaomai No.4, but the 12 h treatment of EMS showed significant effects. Among the three treatment times, there were still no significant differences in germination vigor and relative germination vigor between treatment and control groups. [Conclusion] The optimum median lethal dose and treatment time of EMS for mutagenizing Jinqiaomai No.4 were 1.7% and 12 h, respectively.

Application Effects of Ultra-fine Powder Shaped Maize Seed Coating Agent in Spring Sowing areas in northeast China

The research explored adaptability maize seed coating agent in spring sowing and effects of ultra-fine powder shaped areas in northeast China. The results showed that germination potential and rate both improved around 5% and the num- ber of root increased by 4% in the treatments with ultra-fine powder shaped maize seed coating agent compared with the control group without seed coating. What＇s more, the treatments with ultra-fine powder shaped maize seed coating agent took advantages in terms of fresh weight of seeding, stem diameter, and dry weight. It is notable that control effects on underground insects performed the best, with per- centage over 94%, which is more excellent relative to other agents in markets. Therefore, ultra-fine powder shaped maize seed coating agent can be widely applied in spring sowing areas in northeast China, without side effects.

Effects of Induced Concentration and Time of EMS on Seed Germination of Common Buckwheat

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of induced concen- tration and time of EMS on seed germination of common buckwheat. [Method] The seeds of Jinqiaomai No.3, a common buckwheat cultivar, were used as the test material, and their germination was induced by different concentrations of EMS un- der different induced times. The germination rate, germination vigor, relative germi- nation rate and relative germination vigor of Jinqiaomai No.3 were measured. [Re- sult] With increased induced concentration and time of EMS, the germination rate, germination vigor, relative germination rate and relative germination vigor of Jinqiao- mai No.3 were all trended to be decreased. For Jinqiaomai No.3, the optima in- duced concentration and time of EMS was 1.0% and 4 h, respectively, and the lethal concentration was 1.7%. [Conclusion] The induced concentration and time of EMS all showed significant effects on seed germination of Jinqiaomai No.3.