In a completely randomized blocks （RCB） plot, we planted seed from the three segments of Kponan tubers： head, median and tail portions with control Krengle. Germination began 10 d and lasted 67 d. The mean sproutin...In a completely randomized blocks （RCB） plot, we planted seed from the three segments of Kponan tubers： head, median and tail portions with control Krengle. Germination began 10 d and lasted 67 d. The mean sprouting rate of the Kponan full season harvest tuber was 78.1% compared to 94% in Krengle. However, the tuber germination was progressive from head to tail with a linear evolution of the top fragments with sprouting rate up to 90% similar to Krengle. The median and distal portions sprout two and three weeks later with final raising rates reaching 68% and 71%, respectively. The full season tuber of Kponan sprouts with a good rate gave good yields for any portion of the tuber. It had a sprouting gradient oriented from the proximal portion to the distal one, while yield was better for medium seeds. The sprouting delays two weeks between proximal and medium portions and three weeks between proximal and distal portions were acceptable with regards to the total cycle of eight to nine months period. Thus, its small tubers could be planted as well as the top portion of big tuber. In terms of yield, Kponan medium seed gave the best yield 34.25 t/ha and the whole Kponan tuber yield was more than Krengle. That led to a better multiplication factor for Kponan full season tuber. The type of tuber, if available, could be used as seed for yam production. That could improve its distribution and contribute to food security.展开更多
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are progressive diseases associated with a high risk of complications over time including strictures,fistulae,perianal complications,surgery,and colorectal cancer.Changing th...Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are progressive diseases associated with a high risk of complications over time including strictures,fistulae,perianal complications,surgery,and colorectal cancer.Changing the natural history and avoiding evolution to a disabling disease should be the main goal of treatment.In recent studies,mucosal healing has been associated with longer-term remission and fewer complications.Conventional therapies with immunosuppressive drugs are able to induce mucosal healing in a minority of cases but their impact on disease progression appears modest.Higher rates of mucosal healing can be achieved with anti-tumor necrosis factor therapies that reduce the risk of relapse,surgery and hospitalization,and are associated with perianal fistulae closure.These drugs might be able to change the natural history of the disease mainly when introduced early in the course of the disease.Treatment strategy in inflammatory bowel diseases should thus be tailored according to the risk that each patient could develop disabling disease.展开更多
Self-medication is an increasingly frequent phenomenon worldwide and has an important influence on health.In this study,we analyzed the self-medication prevalence rate in Chinese middle-aged and elderly people,and exp...Self-medication is an increasingly frequent phenomenon worldwide and has an important influence on health.In this study,we analyzed the self-medication prevalence rate in Chinese middle-aged and elderly people,and explored the influence factors.The data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)in 2011,2013 and 2015 were used.Self-medication prevalence was calculated as the number of whole people divided by the number of people taking self-medication.The influence factors of self-medication were analyzed by panel data random effect model.We excluded observations with missing values in our analysis,leaving 16 962,17 876 and 19 572 observations in 2011,2013 and 2015,respectively.The average 3-year self-medication prevalence was 45.52%.Moreover,11.70%of respondents practiced self-medication with prescription medicine in 2011,2013 and 2015.Respondents living in non-rural areas(P=0.009)and western region(P=0.000)took more self-medication.Self-medication was a common phenomenon among middle-aged and elderly population in China.The government should strengthen the guidance for the middle-aged and elderly people who took more self-medication,such as those living in urban and western region.展开更多
Chiglitazar(Carfloglitazar)is a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)pan-agonist that has shown promising effects on glycemic control and lipid regulation in patients with type 2 diabetes.In this rand...Chiglitazar(Carfloglitazar)is a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)pan-agonist that has shown promising effects on glycemic control and lipid regulation in patients with type 2 diabetes.In this randomized phase 3 trial,we compared the efficacy and safety of chiglitazar with sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes who had insufficient glycemic control despite a strict diet and exercise regimen.Eligible patients were randomized(1:1:1)to receive chiglitazar 32 mg(n=245),chiglitazar 48 mg(n=246),or sitagliptin 100 mg(n=248)once daily for 24 weeks.The primary endpoint was the change in glycosylated hemoglobin A_(1C)(HbA_(1c))from baseline at week 24 with the non-inferiority of chiglitazar over sitagliptin.Both chiglitazar and sitagliptin significantly reduced HbA1c at week 24 with values of-1.40%,-1.47%,and-1.39%for chiglitazar 32 mg,chiglitazar 48 mg,and sitagliptin 100 mg,respectively.Chiglitazar 32 and 48 mg were both non-inferior to sitagliptin 100 mg,with mean differences of-0.04%(95%confidential interval(Cl)-0.22 to 0.15)and-0.08%(95%Cl-0.27 to 0.10),respectively.Compared with sitagliptin,greater reduction in fasting and 2-h postprandial plasma glucose and fasting insulin was observed with chiglitazar.Overall adverse event rates were similar between the groups.A small increase in mild edema in the chiglitazar 48 mg group and slight weight gain in both chiglitazar groups were reported.The overall results demonstrated that chiglitazar possesses good efficacy and safety profile in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with lifestyle interventions,thereby providing adequate supporting evidence for using this PPAR pan-agonist as a treatment option for type 2 diabetes.展开更多
Ultra rapid lispro(URLi)is a novel formulation of insulin lispro designed to more closely match the physiological insulin response to a meal,with the aim of improving postprandial glucose(PPG)control.We conducted a mu...Ultra rapid lispro(URLi)is a novel formulation of insulin lispro designed to more closely match the physiological insulin response to a meal,with the aim of improving postprandial glucose(PPG)control.We conducted a multinational,multicenter,randomized,double-blind,treat-to-target,26-week,phase 3 trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of URLi in adults with type 2 diabetes(T2D).After an 8-week lead-in period during which basal insulin glargine or degludec was optimized,adults with T2D were randomized(2:1)to prandial URLi(n=395)or lispro(n=200).The primary endpoint was non-inferiority of URLi versus lispro in glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA_(1c))change from baseline to week 26.Multiplicity-adjusted analyses were performed to assess the superiority of URLi in 1-and 2-h PPG excursions during a mixed-meal tolerance test(MMTT)and HbA_(1c) change at week 26.URLi showed non-inferiority for Hb Achange at week 26 versus lispro(least-squares mean[LSM]difference,0.07%;95%confidence interval:-0.07,0.21).HbA_(1c) was reduced by 0.56%and 0.63%with URLi and lispro,respectively,with no significant treatment difference(P=0.321).URLi provided superior PPG excursion control versus lispro at1 h(LSM difference:-14.6 mg/d L,P<0.001)and 2 h(LSM difference:-21.8 mg/d L,P<0.001)as well as other time points(30–240 min)during the MMTT.Incremental area under the glucose curve during the MMTT was also significantly lower with URLi versus lispro.The safety profiles were generally similar between treatment groups.In conclusion,URLi was superior to lispro for PPG control,with noninferiority in HbA_(1c) improvement,in adults with T2D.展开更多
Objectives： To review the calendar, mortality and morbidity of Iraq-Iran chemical war among Iranians based on researchers＇ reports. Methods： We used national and international databanks such as PubMed, ISI, Scopus...Objectives： To review the calendar, mortality and morbidity of Iraq-Iran chemical war among Iranians based on researchers＇ reports. Methods： We used national and international databanks such as PubMed, ISI, Scopus, Irandoc and Iranmedex and studied 350 articles related to chemical agents and their effects on different organs. The main criteria for qualification of articles were relevancy orientation and being published in approved medical journals. Results： The Iraqi army invaded to west and southwest Iran using chemical weapons such as nerve agents （NAs） and sulfur mustard （SM）. Most victims were civilians including women and children. These attacks had imposed more than 150 types of diseases and complications on Iranians and the frequency of death was 2%-3%. Most reports were about respiratory problems and a few were in the domain of socio-economic damages Conclusion： At present, 25 years after me end of war, the victims are faced with different complications induced by chemical agents and it is estimated that they will be continuously troubled by these problems in future.展开更多
文摘In a completely randomized blocks （RCB） plot, we planted seed from the three segments of Kponan tubers： head, median and tail portions with control Krengle. Germination began 10 d and lasted 67 d. The mean sprouting rate of the Kponan full season harvest tuber was 78.1% compared to 94% in Krengle. However, the tuber germination was progressive from head to tail with a linear evolution of the top fragments with sprouting rate up to 90% similar to Krengle. The median and distal portions sprout two and three weeks later with final raising rates reaching 68% and 71%, respectively. The full season tuber of Kponan sprouts with a good rate gave good yields for any portion of the tuber. It had a sprouting gradient oriented from the proximal portion to the distal one, while yield was better for medium seeds. The sprouting delays two weeks between proximal and medium portions and three weeks between proximal and distal portions were acceptable with regards to the total cycle of eight to nine months period. Thus, its small tubers could be planted as well as the top portion of big tuber. In terms of yield, Kponan medium seed gave the best yield 34.25 t/ha and the whole Kponan tuber yield was more than Krengle. That led to a better multiplication factor for Kponan full season tuber. The type of tuber, if available, could be used as seed for yam production. That could improve its distribution and contribute to food security.
文摘Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are progressive diseases associated with a high risk of complications over time including strictures,fistulae,perianal complications,surgery,and colorectal cancer.Changing the natural history and avoiding evolution to a disabling disease should be the main goal of treatment.In recent studies,mucosal healing has been associated with longer-term remission and fewer complications.Conventional therapies with immunosuppressive drugs are able to induce mucosal healing in a minority of cases but their impact on disease progression appears modest.Higher rates of mucosal healing can be achieved with anti-tumor necrosis factor therapies that reduce the risk of relapse,surgery and hospitalization,and are associated with perianal fistulae closure.These drugs might be able to change the natural history of the disease mainly when introduced early in the course of the disease.Treatment strategy in inflammatory bowel diseases should thus be tailored according to the risk that each patient could develop disabling disease.
文摘Self-medication is an increasingly frequent phenomenon worldwide and has an important influence on health.In this study,we analyzed the self-medication prevalence rate in Chinese middle-aged and elderly people,and explored the influence factors.The data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)in 2011,2013 and 2015 were used.Self-medication prevalence was calculated as the number of whole people divided by the number of people taking self-medication.The influence factors of self-medication were analyzed by panel data random effect model.We excluded observations with missing values in our analysis,leaving 16 962,17 876 and 19 572 observations in 2011,2013 and 2015,respectively.The average 3-year self-medication prevalence was 45.52%.Moreover,11.70%of respondents practiced self-medication with prescription medicine in 2011,2013 and 2015.Respondents living in non-rural areas(P=0.009)and western region(P=0.000)took more self-medication.Self-medication was a common phenomenon among middle-aged and elderly population in China.The government should strengthen the guidance for the middle-aged and elderly people who took more self-medication,such as those living in urban and western region.
基金the Chinese National and Provincial Major Project for New Drug Innovation(National:2008ZX09101-002,2013ZX09401301Provincial:2011A080501010)Shenzhen Municipal Major Project(2010-1746)。
文摘Chiglitazar(Carfloglitazar)is a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)pan-agonist that has shown promising effects on glycemic control and lipid regulation in patients with type 2 diabetes.In this randomized phase 3 trial,we compared the efficacy and safety of chiglitazar with sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes who had insufficient glycemic control despite a strict diet and exercise regimen.Eligible patients were randomized(1:1:1)to receive chiglitazar 32 mg(n=245),chiglitazar 48 mg(n=246),or sitagliptin 100 mg(n=248)once daily for 24 weeks.The primary endpoint was the change in glycosylated hemoglobin A_(1C)(HbA_(1c))from baseline at week 24 with the non-inferiority of chiglitazar over sitagliptin.Both chiglitazar and sitagliptin significantly reduced HbA1c at week 24 with values of-1.40%,-1.47%,and-1.39%for chiglitazar 32 mg,chiglitazar 48 mg,and sitagliptin 100 mg,respectively.Chiglitazar 32 and 48 mg were both non-inferior to sitagliptin 100 mg,with mean differences of-0.04%(95%confidential interval(Cl)-0.22 to 0.15)and-0.08%(95%Cl-0.27 to 0.10),respectively.Compared with sitagliptin,greater reduction in fasting and 2-h postprandial plasma glucose and fasting insulin was observed with chiglitazar.Overall adverse event rates were similar between the groups.A small increase in mild edema in the chiglitazar 48 mg group and slight weight gain in both chiglitazar groups were reported.The overall results demonstrated that chiglitazar possesses good efficacy and safety profile in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with lifestyle interventions,thereby providing adequate supporting evidence for using this PPAR pan-agonist as a treatment option for type 2 diabetes.
文摘Ultra rapid lispro(URLi)is a novel formulation of insulin lispro designed to more closely match the physiological insulin response to a meal,with the aim of improving postprandial glucose(PPG)control.We conducted a multinational,multicenter,randomized,double-blind,treat-to-target,26-week,phase 3 trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of URLi in adults with type 2 diabetes(T2D).After an 8-week lead-in period during which basal insulin glargine or degludec was optimized,adults with T2D were randomized(2:1)to prandial URLi(n=395)or lispro(n=200).The primary endpoint was non-inferiority of URLi versus lispro in glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA_(1c))change from baseline to week 26.Multiplicity-adjusted analyses were performed to assess the superiority of URLi in 1-and 2-h PPG excursions during a mixed-meal tolerance test(MMTT)and HbA_(1c) change at week 26.URLi showed non-inferiority for Hb Achange at week 26 versus lispro(least-squares mean[LSM]difference,0.07%;95%confidence interval:-0.07,0.21).HbA_(1c) was reduced by 0.56%and 0.63%with URLi and lispro,respectively,with no significant treatment difference(P=0.321).URLi provided superior PPG excursion control versus lispro at1 h(LSM difference:-14.6 mg/d L,P<0.001)and 2 h(LSM difference:-21.8 mg/d L,P<0.001)as well as other time points(30–240 min)during the MMTT.Incremental area under the glucose curve during the MMTT was also significantly lower with URLi versus lispro.The safety profiles were generally similar between treatment groups.In conclusion,URLi was superior to lispro for PPG control,with noninferiority in HbA_(1c) improvement,in adults with T2D.
文摘Objectives： To review the calendar, mortality and morbidity of Iraq-Iran chemical war among Iranians based on researchers＇ reports. Methods： We used national and international databanks such as PubMed, ISI, Scopus, Irandoc and Iranmedex and studied 350 articles related to chemical agents and their effects on different organs. The main criteria for qualification of articles were relevancy orientation and being published in approved medical journals. Results： The Iraqi army invaded to west and southwest Iran using chemical weapons such as nerve agents （NAs） and sulfur mustard （SM）. Most victims were civilians including women and children. These attacks had imposed more than 150 types of diseases and complications on Iranians and the frequency of death was 2%-3%. Most reports were about respiratory problems and a few were in the domain of socio-economic damages Conclusion： At present, 25 years after me end of war, the victims are faced with different complications induced by chemical agents and it is estimated that they will be continuously troubled by these problems in future.
