桑黄固体培养基选择及发菌条件探讨

桑黄Phellinus igniarius为珍稀药用真菌,采用固体培养基实验,结果表明,最佳的母种培养基配方为:玉米粉50g、琼脂2g、葡萄糖30g、KH2PO4lg、MgSO40.75g、VB11mg、水1000ml;代料栽培的最适发菌条件为培养基含水量55%、pH6。

Study on the Fermentation Conditions of a Mucopolysaccharide-producing Bacterium LV-1

bacterium LV-1 which isolated from soil sample were studied bacterium was isolated by serial dilution method, the effects of carbon source, nitrogen source, the initial pH and temperature on producing polysaccharide by it were discussed to confirm the optimum fermentation conditions. [ Result] The physicochemical properties showed that the polysaccharide was water-soluble, but insoluble in organic solvents including ethanol, butanol, and chloroform. It was neutral polysaccharide with negative charge and without reducing terminal. The pH of its solution was pH =7.5. There were no protein, fructose, uronic acid, sulphate and starch-like structure included in po/ysacchadde molecules. The optimum fermentation conditions for po/ysaccharide produc- tion were 3% mannitol as carbon source, 0.25% yeast extract as nitrogen source, culture temperature 28 ~（3 and pH =7.5. [Coadu^en] The re- search could provide basis for development and utilization of LV-1 and industrialized production of mucopolysaccharide.

Research on the Fermentation Conditions of Bacillus subtillus B-332

[Objective] The paper was to ascertain the fermentation conditions and medium formula of Bacillus subtilis B-332. [Method] Using single factor and orthogo- nal experimental designs, the fermentation medium and culture conditions for B. sub- i tills B-332 were optimized through shaking flask culture. [Result] The optimal culture and inoculation time was 18 h, and the optimized medium formula was as follows： soybean powder 0.60 g/L, sucrose 0.25 g/L, ammonium sulfate 0.07 g/L, trisodium citrate 0.03 g/L, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.003 g/L, magnesium sulfate 0.005 g/L, ferrous sulfate 0.000 5%; the fermentation condition was as follows： tem- perature 30 ℃, shaking bed speed 180 r/min, shaking bottle volume 80 ml/500 ml. In the optimal fermentation conditions, the fermented spore quantity was 1.43×10^11 cfu/ml, which was 34.48 times higher than the spore quantity of 4.03×10^9 cfu/ml in initial condition. [Result] The study laid the foundation for factory production of the strain.

Condition Optimization of Lipopeptide Production by Bacillus natto NT-6 in Solid-State Fermentation with Box-Behnken Design

Solid-state fermentation has certain advantages in improving the yield of lipopetide, Box-Behnken Design（BBD） was adopted to optimize the producing condition of the antibacterial lipopetide produced by Bacillus natto in this article. The optimal solid state fermentation conditions were obtained： 10 g solid medium（7 g of wheat bran, 3 g of soybean meal） with appropriate inorganic salt（glucose 0.67%,sodium glutamate 0.64%,（NH4）2SO40.15%, K2HPO40.10%）; moisture content 123.78%; inoculation amount 10%; cultivation temperature 36.75 ℃ and cultivation time 72.4 h. The maximum production of lipopetide is 61.76 mg/gds under such conditions. This is the first report on the optimization of lipopeptide fermentation conditions in solid-state fermentation by wheat bran and soybean meal with Bacillus natto NT-6 strain, and will contribute to the development of lipopetide production.

Cultural and luminescent Conditions of a Marine luminous Bacterium

Study of marine noctilucence in marine is important to fishery, environmental monitoring and military affairs. A luminous bacterial strain D2 was isolated from the marine sediment samples collected near Donghai Island in Zhanjiang, China. The primary cultural and luminescent conditions of luminous bacterium D2 which was identified as Vibrio sp. were determined in liquid culture. The results showed that pH 7.0, 35 ℃, with 2.0 % NaCI, were the best growth conditions, and pH5 - 6, 20℃, OD600 0.08, with 3.0 % NaCI, were the optimal luminescent conditions.

Optimization of Fermentation Medium and Conditions of Antibiotic Active Substances Produced by Antarctic Psychrotrophic Bacterium Rheinheimera sp. 97

[Objective] The aim was to optimize the fermentation medium and conditions of antibiotic active substances produced by Antarctic psychrotrophic bacterium Rheinheimera sp.97.[Method] Single-factor experiment and orthogonal test were adopted to optimize the fermentation medium of antibiotic active substances produced by Antarctic psychrotrophic bacterium R.sp.97,while the fermentation conditions were optimized by single-factor experiment.[Result] The optimum fermentation medium for the antibiotic active substances production was as follows：tryptone 3.0 g/L,ammonium sulfate 1.0 g/L,starch 2.0 g/L,NaCl 15.0 g/L.The optimized fermentation conditions were as follows：the starting pH of medium was 8.0,fermentation temperature was 10 ℃,liquid volume in Erlenmeyer flask was 30 %（V/V）and inoculation amount was 1%（V/V）.Under the optimized fermentation medium and conditions,the antibacterial activity of R.sp.97 was increased by 18.1%.[Conclusion] This study had provided basis for the antibiotic active substances produced by Antarctic psychrotrophic bacterium R.sp.97.

Study on Identification and Fermentation Condition of Strain ZY-19-2 with Inhibitory Effect against Tobacco Black Shank (Phytophtora parasitica var. nicotianae Tucker)

[Objective] The paper was to identify stain ZY-19-2 with inhibitory effect against tobacco black shank （Phytophtora parasitica var.nicotianae Tucker）, and study the fermentation condition of the strain. [Method]A strain ZY-19-2 with strong inhibitory effect against P. parasitica were isolated and screened from tobacco rhizosphere soil samples, and identified according to its morphological characteristics. The chitinase production activity of the strain under different culture conditions was also studied. [Result] For stain ZY-19-2 Paecilomyces lilacinus, the optimal fermentation conditions were as follows： 1.2% colloidal chitin as carbon source, 1% peptone as nitrogen source, 0.1% Tween 80 as surfactant, initial pH of fermentation broth at 6.0, the fermentation time of 60 h, inoculum amount at 1%, shaker speed at 120 r/min. The highest enzyme activity reached 0.216 U/ml. [Conclusion]The optimization of fermentation condition of strain ZY-19-2 lay foundation for large-scale production of cheap and efficient chitinase and chitin oligosaccharides, as well as application of the strain for control of tobacco black shank.

Isolation of Cordyceps ophioglossoides L2 from Fruit Body and Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Its Mycelial Growth

A strain isolated from the fruiting body of a fungus parasitized on Elaphomyces was identified as Cordyceps ophioglossoides based on the morphological characteristics and the analysis of ITS-5.8s rDNA sequence. The optimal medium, composition （g·L^-1）, containing sucrose 66.0, yeast powder 10.0, silkworm chrysalises digest 30.0, MgSO4· 7H2O 0.4, and KH2PO4 0.4, Was found using fractional factorial design ancl a central composite design, and the optimization of cultural conditions obtained a result of seed age 6 days, inoculum size 6% （by volume）, initial pH 5.6, temperature 24℃, shaking speed 160 ·＇min^-1 by one-factor-at-a-time method. The maximum biomass reached about 20.2 g·L^-1 after 90 hours culture under the optimal conditions. Elementary nharmaeclogical actlwtties showed that mycelia of C. ophioglossoides L2 from submerged culture promoted Uterus growth in estrogen- depleted mice. In the 15-litre scale-up fermentation, the mycelial biomass was around 19.1 g·L^-1, indicating a promising prospect for this biotechnoloagy and the potency to develoo its medical value.

Establishment of Kinetics Models for Batch Fermentation Process of β-mannase with Bacillus licheniformis HDYM-04

In order to improve the yield of β-mannase and to investigate the rules of fermentation production, a high-yield β-mannase producing strain, Bacillus licheniformis HDYM-04, was used to investigate the kinetics models based on the optimal fermentation conditions： HDYM-04 strain was fermented at 37℃ for 30 h with agitation speed at 300 r/min and aeration rate at 3 L/min in a 5 L fermenter, the initial addition amount of konjac flour was 2%（w/v）, the initial pH of medium was 8.0, and the inoculum concentration was 6.7%（v/v）. Three batch fermentation kinetic models were established （cell growth kinetic model, substrate consumption kinetic model, product formation kinetic model） bases on Logistic and Luedeking-Piret equations. To be specific, cell growth kinetic model was dX/dt =0.431X （1- X/ 15.522 ）, substrate consumption kinetic model was -ds/dt =1.11 dX/dt ＋0.000 2 dP/dt ＋0.000 8X, and product formation kinetic model was dP/dt=133.1 dX ＋222.87X. The correlation coefficients R^2 of the three equations were 0.990 21, 0.989 08 and 0.988 12, respectively, which indicated a good correlation between experimental values and models. Therefore, the three equations could be used to describe the processes of cell growth, enzyme synthesis and substrate consumption during batch fermentation using B. licheniformis strain HDYM-04. The establishment of batch fermentation kinetic models （cell growth kinetic model, substrate depletion kinetic model, product formation kinetic model） could lay the theoretical foundation and provide practical reference for the applica- tion of HDYM-04 in fermentation industry.

Optimization of the Culture Conditions for the Endophytic strain 4-3

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 4-3 is an excellent plant endophyte that can be used as a good raw material for microecological preparations.For this reason,it is important to optimize the culture conditions of this strain.The number of viable bacteria of strain 4-3 in this study was the evaluation index,and the culture conditions of the liquid fermentation were optimized by single factor experiment.The optimized culture condition was as follows:incubating temperature 32°C,initial pH value 7.2,rotation speed 220 r/min,inoculum concentration 3%and incubating 56 h,under which higher concentrations of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens could be obtained.

Optimization of fermentation conditions for 1,3-propanediol production by marine Klebsiella pneumonia HSL4 using response surface methodology

The industrially important organic compound 1,3-propanediol （1,3-PDO） is mainly used as a building block for the production of various polymers. In the present study, response surface methodology protocol was followed to determine and optimize fermentation conditions for the maximum production of 1,3-PDO using marine-derived Klebsiella pneumoniae HSL4. Four nutritional supplements together with three independent culture conditions were optimized as follows： 29.3 g/L glycerol, 8.0 g/L K2HPO4, 7.6 g/L （NH4）2SO4, 3.0 g/L KH2PO4, pH 7.1, cultivation at 35℃ for 12 h. Under the optimal conditions, a maximum 1,3-PDO concentration of 14.5 g/L, a productivity of 1.21 g/（L＇h） and a conversion of glycerol of 0.49 g/g were obtained. In comparison with the control conditions, fermentation under the optimized conditions achieved an increase of 38.8% in 1,3-PDO concentration, 39.0% in productivity and 25.7% in glycerol conversion in flask. This enhancement trend was further confirmed when the fermentation was conducted in a 5-L fermentor. The optimized fermentation conditions could be an important basis for developing low- cost, large-scale methods for industrial production of 1,3-PDO in the future.

Optimization of Culture Conditions for Production of Cellulase by a Thermophilic Bacillus Strain

The production of cellulase in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens UNPDV-22 was optimized using response surface methodology （RSM）. Central composite design （CCD） was used to study the interactive effect of culture conditions （temperature, pH, and inoculum） on cellulase activity. Results suggested that temperature and pH all have significant impact on cellulase production. The use of RSM resulted in a 96% increase in the cellulase activity over the control of non-optimized basal medium. Optimum cellulase production of 13 U/mL was obtained at a temperature of 42.24 ℃, pH of 5.25, and inoculum size of 4.95% （v/v） in a fermentation medium containing wheat bran, soybean meal and malt dextrin as major nutritional factors.

Study on Fresh Yam Fermented Milk Technology

[ Objective] The aim was to study the fermentation of yam and lactic acid bacteria. [Method] Taking fresh yam as main materials, optimized wheat, skimmed milk and white sugar as auxiliary materials, the lactic acid bacteria developed into healthy drinks with unique flavor. The ratio of raw materials, the best conditions for hydrolysis of malt, lactic acid fermentation process conditions, such as product formulations were studied. [ Result ]The best conditions for the yam matt enzyme dosage was 21.0%, malt dosage 1.4%, reaction temperature 68℃, hydrolysis time 60 min; optimal fermentation process to increase milk production 2.4% , fermentation temperature 38 ℃, fermentation time 7. 0h, inoculums size 5.0%. [ Conclusion] The fresh yam tastes fresh, sour and sweet. The natural white ram is of high quality.

Study on the Monascus Pigment of Monascus Strains JF-02 Fermentation

[ Objective] The aim was to study the fermentation technology of monascus pigment of monascus strains JF-02. [ Method] Single factor experiment was carried out to study the influence of temperature, initial pH, culture time, different agricultural byproduct, and nitrogen source on monascus pigment in fermentation solution. Meanwhile, orthogonal experiment was conducted to get the optimal culture medium and cultivation condition. [ Resultl The optimal gene in the pigment of monascus pigment was 200 g/L of rice, 30 g/L of sweet potato powder, 10 g/L of glucose, 15 g/L of monosodium glutamate, 0.1% of zinc sulfate, and 0.1% of magnesium sulfate. The optimal culture condition was 30 ℃ and initial pH was 6.0. Fermentation time was 72 h, but when 24-L fermentation pot was used, culture time can last to 84 h. [ Condusion] The study provided theoretical basis for the development and application of monascus strains.