Microsoft Excel是一种用图形来描述数据的方法,它可以直观地表达各统计值的大小差异。运用Ex-cel建立报刊发行分布统计图表,只需输入一次原始数据就可以随意选取各种数据区域生成所需的数据图,得出各种对比、分析结果,为报刊发行工作...Microsoft Excel是一种用图形来描述数据的方法,它可以直观地表达各统计值的大小差异。运用Ex-cel建立报刊发行分布统计图表,只需输入一次原始数据就可以随意选取各种数据区域生成所需的数据图,得出各种对比、分析结果,为报刊发行工作提供有效的参考数据。展开更多
AIM: To analyze the MEDLINE-indexed publications in gastroenterology specialty journals from 2001 to 2007. Special attention was paid to specific types of articles, the number of publications for individual authors an...AIM: To analyze the MEDLINE-indexed publications in gastroenterology specialty journals from 2001 to 2007. Special attention was paid to specific types of articles, the number of publications for individual authors and the author count in each journal. METHODS: The bibliographic entries of papers belonging to journals listed under the subject heading of "gastroenterology" were downloaded from MEDLINE on the PubMed web site. The analysis was limited to journal articles published between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2007. The analytical dimensions of an article included journal, publication year, publication type, and author name (the last name and initials). RESULTS: According to MEDLINE, 81 561 articles were published in 91 gastroenterology journals from 2001 to 2007. The number of articles increased from 9447 in 2001 to 13 340 in 2007. Only 12 journals had more than 2000 articles indexed in MEDLINE. The "World Journal of Gastroenterology" had the largest number of publications (5684 articles), followed by "Hepato-Gastroenterology" (3036) and "Gastrointestinal Endoscopy" (3005). Of all the articles published, reviews accounted for 17.2% and case reports for 15.4%. Only 3739 randomized controlled trials (4.6% of all articles) were published and their annual number increased from 442 in 2001 to 572 in 2007. Among 141 741 author names appearing in the articles of gastroenterology journals, 92 429 had published only in one journal, 22 585 in two journals, 9996 in three journals, and 16 731 in more than three journals. The "World Journal of Gastroenterology " had the greatest number of authors (17 838),followed by "Gastroenterology " (12 770), "Digestive Diseases and Sciences" (11 395), "American Journal of Gastroenterology" (10 889), and "Hepatology" (10 588). CONCLUSION: Global gastroenterology publications displayed a continuous growth in the new millennium. The change was most striking in certain journals. Regular bibliometric analyses on the trends and specific topics would help researchers publish more efficiently and allow editors to adjust the policy more accurately.展开更多
The article presents the legal and economic issues connected with the formation and operation of Polish agricultural cooperatives. Additionally, it shows a brief history of cooperative development on Polish lands and ...The article presents the legal and economic issues connected with the formation and operation of Polish agricultural cooperatives. Additionally, it shows a brief history of cooperative development on Polish lands and statistical data on agriculture and cooperatives. Most attention is given to dairy cooperatives, cooperative groups of agricultural producers and agricultural production cooperatives. These types of cooperatives are the most popular in Polish agriculture. The fundamental law regulating the issue of cooperatives in Poland is the Cooperative Law Act of September 16, 1982. Other laws, however, also have a big influence on the business activity of agricultural cooperatives, especially the EU legal regulations. Poland membership in the European Union has created new possibilities of development for the cooperative movement.展开更多
The authors study the asymptotic behaviour of solutions of the heat equation and a number of evolution equations using scaling techniques. It is proved that in the framework of bounded data stabilization need not occu...The authors study the asymptotic behaviour of solutions of the heat equation and a number of evolution equations using scaling techniques. It is proved that in the framework of bounded data stabilization need not occur and the general asymptotic behaviour is complex. This behaviour reflects for large times, even on compact sets, the complexity of the initial data at infinity.展开更多
文摘AIM: To analyze the MEDLINE-indexed publications in gastroenterology specialty journals from 2001 to 2007. Special attention was paid to specific types of articles, the number of publications for individual authors and the author count in each journal. METHODS: The bibliographic entries of papers belonging to journals listed under the subject heading of "gastroenterology" were downloaded from MEDLINE on the PubMed web site. The analysis was limited to journal articles published between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2007. The analytical dimensions of an article included journal, publication year, publication type, and author name (the last name and initials). RESULTS: According to MEDLINE, 81 561 articles were published in 91 gastroenterology journals from 2001 to 2007. The number of articles increased from 9447 in 2001 to 13 340 in 2007. Only 12 journals had more than 2000 articles indexed in MEDLINE. The "World Journal of Gastroenterology" had the largest number of publications (5684 articles), followed by "Hepato-Gastroenterology" (3036) and "Gastrointestinal Endoscopy" (3005). Of all the articles published, reviews accounted for 17.2% and case reports for 15.4%. Only 3739 randomized controlled trials (4.6% of all articles) were published and their annual number increased from 442 in 2001 to 572 in 2007. Among 141 741 author names appearing in the articles of gastroenterology journals, 92 429 had published only in one journal, 22 585 in two journals, 9996 in three journals, and 16 731 in more than three journals. The "World Journal of Gastroenterology " had the greatest number of authors (17 838),followed by "Gastroenterology " (12 770), "Digestive Diseases and Sciences" (11 395), "American Journal of Gastroenterology" (10 889), and "Hepatology" (10 588). CONCLUSION: Global gastroenterology publications displayed a continuous growth in the new millennium. The change was most striking in certain journals. Regular bibliometric analyses on the trends and specific topics would help researchers publish more efficiently and allow editors to adjust the policy more accurately.
文摘The article presents the legal and economic issues connected with the formation and operation of Polish agricultural cooperatives. Additionally, it shows a brief history of cooperative development on Polish lands and statistical data on agriculture and cooperatives. Most attention is given to dairy cooperatives, cooperative groups of agricultural producers and agricultural production cooperatives. These types of cooperatives are the most popular in Polish agriculture. The fundamental law regulating the issue of cooperatives in Poland is the Cooperative Law Act of September 16, 1982. Other laws, however, also have a big influence on the business activity of agricultural cooperatives, especially the EU legal regulations. Poland membership in the European Union has created new possibilities of development for the cooperative movement.
文摘The authors study the asymptotic behaviour of solutions of the heat equation and a number of evolution equations using scaling techniques. It is proved that in the framework of bounded data stabilization need not occur and the general asymptotic behaviour is complex. This behaviour reflects for large times, even on compact sets, the complexity of the initial data at infinity.
