With the aim to improve the level of monitoring and warning as well as the comprehensive control of rice blast disease, and to feasibly reduce the disease threat in Nanchong City, the methods of GPS and GIS, systemati...With the aim to improve the level of monitoring and warning as well as the comprehensive control of rice blast disease, and to feasibly reduce the disease threat in Nanchong City, the methods of GPS and GIS, systematical monitoring and field survey, rice blast resistance identification, physiologic races of rice blast monitoring, and meteorological data analysis were performed to study the occurrence and epidemic region division, precise demarcation and occurrence and epidemic regularity of rice blast in Nanchong City. This study first completed the epidemic region division and precise demarcation; first clarified the initial affection（beginning period） locations, occurrence characteristics, epidemic trends and characteristics; explicated the existence of four epidemic peak periods of rice blast in the field, where the damage areas of first peak period played a decisive role during the blast epidemic years; in late May, the cumulative occurrence areas and annual occurrence areas presented higher positive correlation with the correlation coefficient of 0.817;and established a prediction model of occurrence areas per year based on the disease field rate at the end of boot stages and the diseased plant rate at dough stages. The results of investigation on the impact factors investigation of blast disease in Nanchong in recent years suggested that the internal causes were the decrease or loss of blast resistance of the rice cultivars, as well as the increase of physiological races with strong resistance to rice blast and the emergence of new virulent physiologic varieties; the external causes were suitable temperature, too much rainy, and sunlight shortage. Between 2010 and 2015, the short-term forecast accuracy for rice blast in Nanchong was up to 100%, and medium-and long-term forecast accuracy was also up to 98% and 95%, respectively, which increased by 5-15% than that before 1997, thereby making the control effect of rice blast in Nanchong increased by 15-30%.展开更多
On basis of the research result of stripe rust for 16 years since 1999,the epidemic characteristics and trend of stripe rust in the city were determined.Namely,the earlier the initial stage appeared,the heavier the di...On basis of the research result of stripe rust for 16 years since 1999,the epidemic characteristics and trend of stripe rust in the city were determined.Namely,the earlier the initial stage appeared,the heavier the disease would be.Furthermore,stripe rust has two introduction infection peaks,of which the first peak plays a key role.In farmlands,there are one to three epidemic peaks,and the infection area of the first peak plays the key role on the epidemic area of that year.In addition,the accumulated areas of late January was in significantly positive correlation with annually total area,with a correlation coefficient of 0.769 2.In recent 16 years,the frequency of severe stripe rust was as high as 81.25% which was 50% higher than that before 1995.The slight stripe rust became just in 2013,with a frequency of 6.3%,which indicated that the city has become a region hit by severe stripe rust.The internal reason is the reduction or loss of wheat variety＇s resistance to tripe rust for a new physiological race of rust is becoming pathogenic stronger and be the major race.Big fluctuation of temperatures in warm winter and spring,foggy and dew days slants much would be the external reason.展开更多
By summarizing the regulatory, technical requirements and problems of domestic non-special use cosmetics in China, reasonable suggestions were put forward for domestic non-special use cosmetics supervision. The proble...By summarizing the regulatory, technical requirements and problems of domestic non-special use cosmetics in China, reasonable suggestions were put forward for domestic non-special use cosmetics supervision. The problems encountered in the process of technical review were summarized from 5 aspects by studying on the record information from 2014： the regulatory requirements, record range, record information, label content, and the provincial review standards. The results showed that, due to the regulations issued early and the sectioned management, the domestic non-special use cosmetics was lack of authority and continuity supervision, existed problems such as the variety declaring was beyond the filling range, the information applied was incomplete, the sales package pictures uploaded were not suitable, and the review standards of different provinces were inconsistent. At last, some suggestions were proposed.展开更多
基金Supported by Notice on the First Batch of National Modern Agricultural Demonstration Zone by the Ministry of Agriculture([2010]22)the Research and Application Project for the Early Warning and Comprehensive Control of the Major Pests and Diseases for Main Grain and Oil Crops(N1997-ZC002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(XDJK2015C060,SWU114046,2362015xk04)~~
文摘With the aim to improve the level of monitoring and warning as well as the comprehensive control of rice blast disease, and to feasibly reduce the disease threat in Nanchong City, the methods of GPS and GIS, systematical monitoring and field survey, rice blast resistance identification, physiologic races of rice blast monitoring, and meteorological data analysis were performed to study the occurrence and epidemic region division, precise demarcation and occurrence and epidemic regularity of rice blast in Nanchong City. This study first completed the epidemic region division and precise demarcation; first clarified the initial affection（beginning period） locations, occurrence characteristics, epidemic trends and characteristics; explicated the existence of four epidemic peak periods of rice blast in the field, where the damage areas of first peak period played a decisive role during the blast epidemic years; in late May, the cumulative occurrence areas and annual occurrence areas presented higher positive correlation with the correlation coefficient of 0.817;and established a prediction model of occurrence areas per year based on the disease field rate at the end of boot stages and the diseased plant rate at dough stages. The results of investigation on the impact factors investigation of blast disease in Nanchong in recent years suggested that the internal causes were the decrease or loss of blast resistance of the rice cultivars, as well as the increase of physiological races with strong resistance to rice blast and the emergence of new virulent physiologic varieties; the external causes were suitable temperature, too much rainy, and sunlight shortage. Between 2010 and 2015, the short-term forecast accuracy for rice blast in Nanchong was up to 100%, and medium-and long-term forecast accuracy was also up to 98% and 95%, respectively, which increased by 5-15% than that before 1997, thereby making the control effect of rice blast in Nanchong increased by 15-30%.
文摘On basis of the research result of stripe rust for 16 years since 1999,the epidemic characteristics and trend of stripe rust in the city were determined.Namely,the earlier the initial stage appeared,the heavier the disease would be.Furthermore,stripe rust has two introduction infection peaks,of which the first peak plays a key role.In farmlands,there are one to three epidemic peaks,and the infection area of the first peak plays the key role on the epidemic area of that year.In addition,the accumulated areas of late January was in significantly positive correlation with annually total area,with a correlation coefficient of 0.769 2.In recent 16 years,the frequency of severe stripe rust was as high as 81.25% which was 50% higher than that before 1995.The slight stripe rust became just in 2013,with a frequency of 6.3%,which indicated that the city has become a region hit by severe stripe rust.The internal reason is the reduction or loss of wheat variety＇s resistance to tripe rust for a new physiological race of rust is becoming pathogenic stronger and be the major race.Big fluctuation of temperatures in warm winter and spring,foggy and dew days slants much would be the external reason.
文摘By summarizing the regulatory, technical requirements and problems of domestic non-special use cosmetics in China, reasonable suggestions were put forward for domestic non-special use cosmetics supervision. The problems encountered in the process of technical review were summarized from 5 aspects by studying on the record information from 2014： the regulatory requirements, record range, record information, label content, and the provincial review standards. The results showed that, due to the regulations issued early and the sectioned management, the domestic non-special use cosmetics was lack of authority and continuity supervision, existed problems such as the variety declaring was beyond the filling range, the information applied was incomplete, the sales package pictures uploaded were not suitable, and the review standards of different provinces were inconsistent. At last, some suggestions were proposed.
