日语童话语篇中的主语省略探究——以会话省略为中心

为了明确日语童话语篇中主语省略的语篇语用特点,探讨主语省略产生的动机和规律,对童话对译文本中日汉语中各自主语省略与否以及主语省略句在文本中的语篇位置、发生语境进行了调查,并分析了日汉语存在的语言构成以及语篇、语境差异。调查发现,在童话语篇中,与篇章照应型主语省略相比,现场指示型主语省略更为常见,这表明童话语篇是基于儿童认知特点以及文本阅读与理解能力进行的文本创作,这决定了省略主语的回指跨度较小,更偏向于现场指示。同时也体现了日语以「自己の視点(自己的视点)」来把握周围世界的事物和现象这一特点,而非省略的功能主要有强调主语、体现人物形象、传递发话态度等。

会话中「だから」用法的功能扩张

教科书上只表明「だから」是表示因果关系的连接词。但在实际的对话中,「だから」有时会在通常用法的基础上,进行功能上的扩张,获得了可以表示话者发话态度的功能,被灵活地运用于各类场景中。本文将在参考先行研究的基础上,总结会话中「だから」的用法,同时对「だから」中蕴含的发话态度进行讨论说明。

Ecological Democracy and Sustainability in Fragile Environment： Environmental Discourse in Select Pieces of Environmental Writing from India

Environmental writing has attained a new relevance in the 21st century. In the present scenario, environmental writing becomes a social discourse. This is the result of a new, vibrant and growing environmental constituency in societies such as Brazil, India, Thailand and other Third World Countries. The features of environmental writing include a visible concern for social justice, defence of livelihood and the determining part played by women. This new discourse has emerged with a new focus on redefinition of terms like human rights, common good, democracy and CPRs （common property resources）. Environmental Writing becomes a powerful discourse when it protests against the increasingly intrusive and interventionist developmental projects, implemented by the government, which in turn assert dominion over indigenous people of the land. There is also a strong emphasis on prudence among the poor as contrasted to the ecological profligacy of the rich. This paper is an attempt to examine the voices of dissent and the accountability of postmodern writers and environmental activists in India regarding environmental issues in India.