This article explains the challenges and evolution of climate change governance by linking governance and diplomacy. The challenges of climate change involve not only international competition for new energy but also ...This article explains the challenges and evolution of climate change governance by linking governance and diplomacy. The challenges of climate change involve not only international competition for new energy but also related adjustments of global governance in this area. To be specific, the carbon emission reductions are still problematic, and negotiations surrounding financing mechanisms between developed and developing countries hang in doubt. Furthermore, the attitude of the two sides toward CBDRs(common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capacities) and INDCs(intended nationally determined contributions) is disparate. Finally, this article outlines some diplomatic policies for China's future developmental trend.展开更多
Sustainable construction, together with sustainability, is a growing concern in developed countries in order to influence construction organizations to make ＂achieving sustainability＂ in their projects a stringent p...Sustainable construction, together with sustainability, is a growing concern in developed countries in order to influence construction organizations to make ＂achieving sustainability＂ in their projects a stringent prior objective. North Cyprus is a rapidly developing country with an annual economic growth of 7%. Construction became the leading sector within the economy after the boom in demand for holiday and retirement houses especially from English and German holidaymakers. Due to lack of government policy on sustainability, developers usually use traditional ways of construction, and the lack of an established link with international construction, which would help local developers be aware of the latest technology and sustainable building techniques, is the main challenges for North Cyprus construction sector to develop sustainable construction practices.展开更多
In the last few decades, the economy increased rapidly, but the rapid growth is at the cost of high consumption of resources and high pollution of environment. It is imperative to transform the economic growth pattern...In the last few decades, the economy increased rapidly, but the rapid growth is at the cost of high consumption of resources and high pollution of environment. It is imperative to transform the economic growth pattern. Tax policy relating to venture capital is very important to build innovative country and encourage the development of venture capital. Based on the background, the paper researches the tax preference policy of venture capital in developed countries and in our country, and draws relevant conclusions.展开更多
This paper aims to provide an overall image in terms of low carbon society （LCS） and its development in China. It mainly introduced and analyzed low carbon development which was addressed as crucial initiative for i...This paper aims to provide an overall image in terms of low carbon society （LCS） and its development in China. It mainly introduced and analyzed low carbon development which was addressed as crucial initiative for implementation of LCS in China. A comparative analysis was carried out on concepts and experiences of LCS between China and developed countries. The trends and characteristics of CO2 emissions in China have also been analyzed. Because of large amount of CO2 emissions generated in the production process and relatively small amount of CO2 emissions in the consumption process, China is facing a severe challenge of imbalance in economic growth and CO2 emissions. If the consumption and production pattern of developed countries are duplicated, China is very likely to experience a development pattern of boosting economic growth and improving living standards significantly but meanwhile risking and suffering by large amount of resources consumption and CO2 emissions. Thus, a comprehensive, systematic and scientific scheme for implementing a low carbon society is urgently needed in China. Through literature research, mainstream perspectives of scholars with respect to development of LCS are concluded. In the meantime, CO2 emissions reduction target, carbon taxation and different debated issues are also presented. The achievements, China has rflade, consist of concrete actions taken by local governments, some new policies and regulations for carbon reduction at national level, in particular energy-saving and renewable energy policies proposed in the l lth Five-Year Plan （2005-2010）. Carbon trading markets and carbon capture and starage technology have also made progress in China. There are still many limitations and barriers remaining and in need to be solved in the next steps.展开更多
Many global emission reduction strategies have been proposed, but few have been assessed quantitatively from the view of equality, efficiency and effectiveness. Integrated assessment models (IAM) is one of the effecti...Many global emission reduction strategies have been proposed, but few have been assessed quantitatively from the view of equality, efficiency and effectiveness. Integrated assessment models (IAM) is one of the effective ways to make climate policy modeling. So in this paper we developed the MRICES (Multi-regional integrated model of climate and economy with GDP spillovers) model, which is an IAM but extends to include GDP spillover mechanism, to make assessment on several strategies for global emission reduction, including the egalitarianism strategy, the UNDP strategy and the Copenhagen Accord. Using 1990 as a baseline for historical emission levels, the egalitarian strategy argues that developed countries should implement urgent emission reductions, whereas developing countries are allowed relatively higher future emission quotas. The UNDP strategy addresses the issue of substantial changes in global temperature but acknowledges that developing countries are not able to afford more costs for mitigation measures, which is inequitable from the perspective of a country's right to develop. We also simulated the Copenhagen Accord to determine the consequences by the year 2100 if each country continues their current emission mitigation actions, and results indicated that the increase in global temperature will be 2.8 ℃by 2100; consequently, much stronger emission reduction efforts must be implemented after 2020. Based on analysis on mitigation strategies, it is recognized that the common but differentiated responsibility principle must be insisted when making global mitigation strategy. To comply with this principle, the emission reduction baseline of developed and developing countries should be discriminated, so 1990 and 2005 can be taken as the base year for developed and developing countries respectively.展开更多
Cbina＇s rapid economic growth has benefited from the country＇s wellplaced position in the global production chain. But China encounters an acute security, dilemma externally and internally because it is integrating ...Cbina＇s rapid economic growth has benefited from the country＇s wellplaced position in the global production chain. But China encounters an acute security, dilemma externally and internally because it is integrating into a world system in which market democracies dominate and view China＇s rise with suspicion. Globalization changes, complicates, and benefits Chinese foreign policy. A growing China is also increasingly affecting globalization in its own image. Globalization has caused a backlash, particularly in developed countries, partly because of the China factor, and China＇s own commitment to globalization is being tested as economic problems mount in the current financial crisis.展开更多
基金supported by the project of research on key technologies for synthesis problems during climate negotiations under 12FYP organized by Ministry of Science and technology(2012BAC20B02)
文摘This article explains the challenges and evolution of climate change governance by linking governance and diplomacy. The challenges of climate change involve not only international competition for new energy but also related adjustments of global governance in this area. To be specific, the carbon emission reductions are still problematic, and negotiations surrounding financing mechanisms between developed and developing countries hang in doubt. Furthermore, the attitude of the two sides toward CBDRs(common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capacities) and INDCs(intended nationally determined contributions) is disparate. Finally, this article outlines some diplomatic policies for China's future developmental trend.
文摘Sustainable construction, together with sustainability, is a growing concern in developed countries in order to influence construction organizations to make ＂achieving sustainability＂ in their projects a stringent prior objective. North Cyprus is a rapidly developing country with an annual economic growth of 7%. Construction became the leading sector within the economy after the boom in demand for holiday and retirement houses especially from English and German holidaymakers. Due to lack of government policy on sustainability, developers usually use traditional ways of construction, and the lack of an established link with international construction, which would help local developers be aware of the latest technology and sustainable building techniques, is the main challenges for North Cyprus construction sector to develop sustainable construction practices.
文摘In the last few decades, the economy increased rapidly, but the rapid growth is at the cost of high consumption of resources and high pollution of environment. It is imperative to transform the economic growth pattern. Tax policy relating to venture capital is very important to build innovative country and encourage the development of venture capital. Based on the background, the paper researches the tax preference policy of venture capital in developed countries and in our country, and draws relevant conclusions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41101500)
文摘This paper aims to provide an overall image in terms of low carbon society （LCS） and its development in China. It mainly introduced and analyzed low carbon development which was addressed as crucial initiative for implementation of LCS in China. A comparative analysis was carried out on concepts and experiences of LCS between China and developed countries. The trends and characteristics of CO2 emissions in China have also been analyzed. Because of large amount of CO2 emissions generated in the production process and relatively small amount of CO2 emissions in the consumption process, China is facing a severe challenge of imbalance in economic growth and CO2 emissions. If the consumption and production pattern of developed countries are duplicated, China is very likely to experience a development pattern of boosting economic growth and improving living standards significantly but meanwhile risking and suffering by large amount of resources consumption and CO2 emissions. Thus, a comprehensive, systematic and scientific scheme for implementing a low carbon society is urgently needed in China. Through literature research, mainstream perspectives of scholars with respect to development of LCS are concluded. In the meantime, CO2 emissions reduction target, carbon taxation and different debated issues are also presented. The achievements, China has rflade, consist of concrete actions taken by local governments, some new policies and regulations for carbon reduction at national level, in particular energy-saving and renewable energy policies proposed in the l lth Five-Year Plan （2005-2010）. Carbon trading markets and carbon capture and starage technology have also made progress in China. There are still many limitations and barriers remaining and in need to be solved in the next steps.
基金National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program), No.2012CB955800CAS Strategic Priority Research Program Grant No.XDA05150500
文摘Many global emission reduction strategies have been proposed, but few have been assessed quantitatively from the view of equality, efficiency and effectiveness. Integrated assessment models (IAM) is one of the effective ways to make climate policy modeling. So in this paper we developed the MRICES (Multi-regional integrated model of climate and economy with GDP spillovers) model, which is an IAM but extends to include GDP spillover mechanism, to make assessment on several strategies for global emission reduction, including the egalitarianism strategy, the UNDP strategy and the Copenhagen Accord. Using 1990 as a baseline for historical emission levels, the egalitarian strategy argues that developed countries should implement urgent emission reductions, whereas developing countries are allowed relatively higher future emission quotas. The UNDP strategy addresses the issue of substantial changes in global temperature but acknowledges that developing countries are not able to afford more costs for mitigation measures, which is inequitable from the perspective of a country's right to develop. We also simulated the Copenhagen Accord to determine the consequences by the year 2100 if each country continues their current emission mitigation actions, and results indicated that the increase in global temperature will be 2.8 ℃by 2100; consequently, much stronger emission reduction efforts must be implemented after 2020. Based on analysis on mitigation strategies, it is recognized that the common but differentiated responsibility principle must be insisted when making global mitigation strategy. To comply with this principle, the emission reduction baseline of developed and developing countries should be discriminated, so 1990 and 2005 can be taken as the base year for developed and developing countries respectively.
文摘Cbina＇s rapid economic growth has benefited from the country＇s wellplaced position in the global production chain. But China encounters an acute security, dilemma externally and internally because it is integrating into a world system in which market democracies dominate and view China＇s rise with suspicion. Globalization changes, complicates, and benefits Chinese foreign policy. A growing China is also increasingly affecting globalization in its own image. Globalization has caused a backlash, particularly in developed countries, partly because of the China factor, and China＇s own commitment to globalization is being tested as economic problems mount in the current financial crisis.
