[Objective]The paper was to culture the plasmodia of Physarum pusillum for obtaining the optimal condition of sporophores and sclerotium,to reduce the agricultural diseases.[Method]Liquid culture combined with oat-aga...[Objective]The paper was to culture the plasmodia of Physarum pusillum for obtaining the optimal condition of sporophores and sclerotium,to reduce the agricultural diseases.[Method]Liquid culture combined with oat-agar culture was used to culture plasmodia of P.pusillum.Then plasmodium was induced to obtain Sporophores in lab by hunger and adjusting light（3 000,6 000,9 000,12 000 lx）and temperature（20,22,24,26 ℃）.[Result]Sporophores and sclerotium of P.pusillum were obtained from both oat-agar media and liquid media.The optimal conditions were 26 ℃,6 000 lx and 22 ℃,3 000 lx.[Conclusion]The result provided theoretical basis for reducing the loss of crops caused by myxomycete as much as possible in agricultural production.展开更多
In order to implement industrial production of selected functional bacteria for bioremediation of shrimp culture environment, the fermentation conditions of the three functional bacteria, which have high ability in de...In order to implement industrial production of selected functional bacteria for bioremediation of shrimp culture environment, the fermentation conditions of the three functional bacteria, which have high ability in degrading organic pollutants at the bottom of shrimp ponds, were studied. The results showed that the favorable fermentation medium （per L） was 25 g of peptone, 5 g of yeast extract, and 0.2 g of ferric phosphate, and the initial pH value of the medium was 8.0. The optimum fermentation time was 20 h. The optimum stirring way was stirring one hour after one hour. Iso-electric point sedimentation collecting method was the most efficient and economic method to collect the bacteria cells after fermentation, with the optimum sediment pH of 3.67, 4.02, and 3.40 for the strains Lt7222, Gy7018 and Lt7511,respectively. It was also indicated that the survival and reproducing ability of the bacterial cells were not affected by the sedimentation process.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the effects of filtrate of fermented mycelia from Antrodia camphorata （FMAC） on liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride （CCI4） in rats. METHODS： Forty Wistar rats were divided randomly...AIM： To investigate the effects of filtrate of fermented mycelia from Antrodia camphorata （FMAC） on liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride （CCI4） in rats. METHODS： Forty Wistar rats were divided randomly into control group and model group. All model rats were given 200 mL/L CCI4 （2 mL/Kg, po） twice a week for 8 wk. Four weeks after CCh treatment, thirty model rats were further divided randomly into 3 subgroups： CCh and two FMAC subgroups. Rats in CCI4 and 2 FMAC subgroups were treated with FMAC 0, 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg, daily via gastrogavage beginning at the fitch week and the end of the eighth week. Spleen weight, blood synthetic markers （albumin and prothrombin time） and hepatic malondialdehyde （MDA） and hydroxyproline （HP） concentrations were determined. Expression of collagen I, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases （TIMP）-1 and transforming growth factor β1 （TGF-β1） mRNA were detected by RTPCR. Histochemical staining of Masson＇s trichrome was performed. RESULTS： CCI4 caused liver fibrosis, featuring increased prothrombin time, hepatic MDA and HP contents, and spleen weight and decreased plasma albumin level. Compared with CCh subgroup, FMAC subgroup （1 g/kg） significantly decreased the prothrombin time （36.7±7.2 and 25.1±10.2 in CCh and FMAC groups, respectively, P〈 0.05） and increased plasma albumin concentration （22.7± 1.0 and 30.7±2.5 in CCk and FMAC groups, respectively, P 〈 0.05）. Spleen weight was significantly lower in rats treated with CCh and FMAC （1 g/kg） compared to CCh treated rats only （2.7±0.1 and 2.4±0.2 in CCk and FMAC groups, respectively, P〈0.05）. The amounts of hepatic MDA and HP in CCI4± FAMC （1 g/kg） subgroup were also lower thanthose in CCh subgroup （MDA： 3.9±0.1 and 2.4±0.6 in CCh and CCI4 ＋ FMAC groups, respectively, P〈 0.01; HP： 1730.7±258.0 and 1311.5±238.8 in CCI4 and CCI4＋FMAC groups, respectively, P〈0.01）. Histologic examinations showed that CCI4＋FMAC subgroups had thinner or less fibrotic septa than CCh group. RT-PCR analysis indicated that FMAC （1 g/kg） reduced mRNA levels of collagen I, TIMP-1 and TGF-β1 （collagen I： 5.63±2.08 and 1.78±0.48 in CCh and CCI4＋FMAC groups, respectively, P〈0.01; TIMP-1： 1.70±0.82 and 0.34±0.02 in CCh and CCI4 ＋ FMAC groups, respectively, P〈0.01; TGF-β1：38.03±11.9 and 4.26±2.17 in CCh and CCI4＋FMAC groups, respectively, P〈0.01） in the CCI4-treated liver. CONCLUSION： It demonstrates that FMAC can retard the progression of liver fibrosis induced by CCh in rats.展开更多
The influence of KH\-2PO\-4, peptone and brown sugar on \%Termitomyces fuliginosu's\% mycelium formation was studied with the application of the design of quadratic rotation general combination based on determinin...The influence of KH\-2PO\-4, peptone and brown sugar on \%Termitomyces fuliginosu's\% mycelium formation was studied with the application of the design of quadratic rotation general combination based on determining the growth curve. A quadratic regression model of biomass to the doses of the above three factors was established. The model fit well and therefore the optimum fermentation condition was obtained. Responses of biomass to the three single factors and to their interactions were discussed. Thus, the highest level of biomass, 21.1 g/L, appeared under the optimized conditions when the initial KH\-2PO\-4, peptone and brown sugar were 1 g/L, 4 g/L and 72 g/L respectively.展开更多
A strain isolated from the fruiting body of a fungus parasitized on Elaphomyces was identified as Cordyceps ophioglossoides based on the morphological characteristics and the analysis of ITS-5.8s rDNA sequence. The op...A strain isolated from the fruiting body of a fungus parasitized on Elaphomyces was identified as Cordyceps ophioglossoides based on the morphological characteristics and the analysis of ITS-5.8s rDNA sequence. The optimal medium, composition （g·L^-1）, containing sucrose 66.0, yeast powder 10.0, silkworm chrysalises digest 30.0, MgSO4· 7H2O 0.4, and KH2PO4 0.4, Was found using fractional factorial design ancl a central composite design, and the optimization of cultural conditions obtained a result of seed age 6 days, inoculum size 6% （by volume）, initial pH 5.6, temperature 24℃, shaking speed 160 ·＇min^-1 by one-factor-at-a-time method. The maximum biomass reached about 20.2 g·L^-1 after 90 hours culture under the optimal conditions. Elementary nharmaeclogical actlwtties showed that mycelia of C. ophioglossoides L2 from submerged culture promoted Uterus growth in estrogen- depleted mice. In the 15-litre scale-up fermentation, the mycelial biomass was around 19.1 g·L^-1, indicating a promising prospect for this biotechnoloagy and the potency to develoo its medical value.展开更多
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 4-3 is an excellent plant endophyte that can be used as a good raw material for microecological preparations.For this reason,it is important to optimize the culture conditions of this strain...Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 4-3 is an excellent plant endophyte that can be used as a good raw material for microecological preparations.For this reason,it is important to optimize the culture conditions of this strain.The number of viable bacteria of strain 4-3 in this study was the evaluation index,and the culture conditions of the liquid fermentation were optimized by single factor experiment.The optimized culture condition was as follows:incubating temperature 32°C,initial pH value 7.2,rotation speed 220 r/min,inoculum concentration 3%and incubating 56 h,under which higher concentrations of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens could be obtained.展开更多
Medicinal solid fermentation technology of fungal was unique within the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and one of the oldest bio-pharmaceutical technology in the history, for example, the production of medicated...Medicinal solid fermentation technology of fungal was unique within the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and one of the oldest bio-pharmaceutical technology in the history, for example, the production of medicated leaven named ＂Shenqu＂, the history of which had continued for more than 1,500 years. These kinds of productions were widly used and had a close relationship with TCM. The development of this technology had through stages of ＂yeast production＂, ＂solid culture＂, ＂solid fermentation＂, and nowadays toward a series engineering of solid fermentation with promising prospects. The author described the development of its history briefly, and the representative products and the characteristics of production process of every stage, respectively. This research focused on taking ＂Trametes robinioplila fermented substance＂, ＂T. robinioplila ＆ A. membranaceus fermented substance＂ and ＂T. wilfordii Hook.f. ＆ G. lucidum fermented substance＂ as examples to introduce R ＆ D ideas and important findings of＂common fermentation＂ and ＂bi-directional fermentation＂ which were recommended as studying hotspots. There were many unique and important functions in the fields of TCM about all kinds of＂fermentation substances＂. It is infered that there may exist some other innovate technologies such as ＂Multi-fungal fermentation＂, ＂Special elements fermentation＂, etc. which are remained to be researched and developed continuely. All kinds of＂fermentation substances＂ are looked forward to show unique and important roles in the fields of TCM.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(70670015,71070012)~~
文摘[Objective]The paper was to culture the plasmodia of Physarum pusillum for obtaining the optimal condition of sporophores and sclerotium,to reduce the agricultural diseases.[Method]Liquid culture combined with oat-agar culture was used to culture plasmodia of P.pusillum.Then plasmodium was induced to obtain Sporophores in lab by hunger and adjusting light（3 000,6 000,9 000,12 000 lx）and temperature（20,22,24,26 ℃）.[Result]Sporophores and sclerotium of P.pusillum were obtained from both oat-agar media and liquid media.The optimal conditions were 26 ℃,6 000 lx and 22 ℃,3 000 lx.[Conclusion]The result provided theoretical basis for reducing the loss of crops caused by myxomycete as much as possible in agricultural production.
文摘In order to implement industrial production of selected functional bacteria for bioremediation of shrimp culture environment, the fermentation conditions of the three functional bacteria, which have high ability in degrading organic pollutants at the bottom of shrimp ponds, were studied. The results showed that the favorable fermentation medium （per L） was 25 g of peptone, 5 g of yeast extract, and 0.2 g of ferric phosphate, and the initial pH value of the medium was 8.0. The optimum fermentation time was 20 h. The optimum stirring way was stirring one hour after one hour. Iso-electric point sedimentation collecting method was the most efficient and economic method to collect the bacteria cells after fermentation, with the optimum sediment pH of 3.67, 4.02, and 3.40 for the strains Lt7222, Gy7018 and Lt7511,respectively. It was also indicated that the survival and reproducing ability of the bacterial cells were not affected by the sedimentation process.
基金Supported by Department of Health, Executive Yuan of our country, No. DOH90-TD-1027
文摘AIM： To investigate the effects of filtrate of fermented mycelia from Antrodia camphorata （FMAC） on liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride （CCI4） in rats. METHODS： Forty Wistar rats were divided randomly into control group and model group. All model rats were given 200 mL/L CCI4 （2 mL/Kg, po） twice a week for 8 wk. Four weeks after CCh treatment, thirty model rats were further divided randomly into 3 subgroups： CCh and two FMAC subgroups. Rats in CCI4 and 2 FMAC subgroups were treated with FMAC 0, 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg, daily via gastrogavage beginning at the fitch week and the end of the eighth week. Spleen weight, blood synthetic markers （albumin and prothrombin time） and hepatic malondialdehyde （MDA） and hydroxyproline （HP） concentrations were determined. Expression of collagen I, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases （TIMP）-1 and transforming growth factor β1 （TGF-β1） mRNA were detected by RTPCR. Histochemical staining of Masson＇s trichrome was performed. RESULTS： CCI4 caused liver fibrosis, featuring increased prothrombin time, hepatic MDA and HP contents, and spleen weight and decreased plasma albumin level. Compared with CCh subgroup, FMAC subgroup （1 g/kg） significantly decreased the prothrombin time （36.7±7.2 and 25.1±10.2 in CCh and FMAC groups, respectively, P〈 0.05） and increased plasma albumin concentration （22.7± 1.0 and 30.7±2.5 in CCk and FMAC groups, respectively, P 〈 0.05）. Spleen weight was significantly lower in rats treated with CCh and FMAC （1 g/kg） compared to CCh treated rats only （2.7±0.1 and 2.4±0.2 in CCk and FMAC groups, respectively, P〈0.05）. The amounts of hepatic MDA and HP in CCI4± FAMC （1 g/kg） subgroup were also lower thanthose in CCh subgroup （MDA： 3.9±0.1 and 2.4±0.6 in CCh and CCI4 ＋ FMAC groups, respectively, P〈 0.01; HP： 1730.7±258.0 and 1311.5±238.8 in CCI4 and CCI4＋FMAC groups, respectively, P〈0.01）. Histologic examinations showed that CCI4＋FMAC subgroups had thinner or less fibrotic septa than CCh group. RT-PCR analysis indicated that FMAC （1 g/kg） reduced mRNA levels of collagen I, TIMP-1 and TGF-β1 （collagen I： 5.63±2.08 and 1.78±0.48 in CCh and CCI4＋FMAC groups, respectively, P〈0.01; TIMP-1： 1.70±0.82 and 0.34±0.02 in CCh and CCI4 ＋ FMAC groups, respectively, P〈0.01; TGF-β1：38.03±11.9 and 4.26±2.17 in CCh and CCI4＋FMAC groups, respectively, P〈0.01） in the CCI4-treated liver. CONCLUSION： It demonstrates that FMAC can retard the progression of liver fibrosis induced by CCh in rats.
文摘The influence of KH\-2PO\-4, peptone and brown sugar on \%Termitomyces fuliginosu's\% mycelium formation was studied with the application of the design of quadratic rotation general combination based on determining the growth curve. A quadratic regression model of biomass to the doses of the above three factors was established. The model fit well and therefore the optimum fermentation condition was obtained. Responses of biomass to the three single factors and to their interactions were discussed. Thus, the highest level of biomass, 21.1 g/L, appeared under the optimized conditions when the initial KH\-2PO\-4, peptone and brown sugar were 1 g/L, 4 g/L and 72 g/L respectively.
基金Supported by the Research Project of Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province, China （2005C23027）, the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China （2007AA021506） and the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province （R207609）. We would like to thank Dr. Birnie from New Zealand for his editing of this manuscript.
文摘A strain isolated from the fruiting body of a fungus parasitized on Elaphomyces was identified as Cordyceps ophioglossoides based on the morphological characteristics and the analysis of ITS-5.8s rDNA sequence. The optimal medium, composition （g·L^-1）, containing sucrose 66.0, yeast powder 10.0, silkworm chrysalises digest 30.0, MgSO4· 7H2O 0.4, and KH2PO4 0.4, Was found using fractional factorial design ancl a central composite design, and the optimization of cultural conditions obtained a result of seed age 6 days, inoculum size 6% （by volume）, initial pH 5.6, temperature 24℃, shaking speed 160 ·＇min^-1 by one-factor-at-a-time method. The maximum biomass reached about 20.2 g·L^-1 after 90 hours culture under the optimal conditions. Elementary nharmaeclogical actlwtties showed that mycelia of C. ophioglossoides L2 from submerged culture promoted Uterus growth in estrogen- depleted mice. In the 15-litre scale-up fermentation, the mycelial biomass was around 19.1 g·L^-1, indicating a promising prospect for this biotechnoloagy and the potency to develoo its medical value.
文摘Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 4-3 is an excellent plant endophyte that can be used as a good raw material for microecological preparations.For this reason,it is important to optimize the culture conditions of this strain.The number of viable bacteria of strain 4-3 in this study was the evaluation index,and the culture conditions of the liquid fermentation were optimized by single factor experiment.The optimized culture condition was as follows:incubating temperature 32°C,initial pH value 7.2,rotation speed 220 r/min,inoculum concentration 3%and incubating 56 h,under which higher concentrations of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens could be obtained.
文摘Medicinal solid fermentation technology of fungal was unique within the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and one of the oldest bio-pharmaceutical technology in the history, for example, the production of medicated leaven named ＂Shenqu＂, the history of which had continued for more than 1,500 years. These kinds of productions were widly used and had a close relationship with TCM. The development of this technology had through stages of ＂yeast production＂, ＂solid culture＂, ＂solid fermentation＂, and nowadays toward a series engineering of solid fermentation with promising prospects. The author described the development of its history briefly, and the representative products and the characteristics of production process of every stage, respectively. This research focused on taking ＂Trametes robinioplila fermented substance＂, ＂T. robinioplila ＆ A. membranaceus fermented substance＂ and ＂T. wilfordii Hook.f. ＆ G. lucidum fermented substance＂ as examples to introduce R ＆ D ideas and important findings of＂common fermentation＂ and ＂bi-directional fermentation＂ which were recommended as studying hotspots. There were many unique and important functions in the fields of TCM about all kinds of＂fermentation substances＂. It is infered that there may exist some other innovate technologies such as ＂Multi-fungal fermentation＂, ＂Special elements fermentation＂, etc. which are remained to be researched and developed continuely. All kinds of＂fermentation substances＂ are looked forward to show unique and important roles in the fields of TCM.
