A real-life milk run system designing problem of an engine manufacturer adopted JIT(just-in-time)production is studied.In the process of milk run system planning and design,the supply base is identified and a supplier...A real-life milk run system designing problem of an engine manufacturer adopted JIT(just-in-time)production is studied.In the process of milk run system planning and design,the supply base is identified and a supplier site map is plotted for an arrangement of routes on which parts are periodically collected in a JIT manner from many scattered suppliers.With unit load designing,vehicle choosing and fleet sizing,pickup routing,vehicle assigning and scheduling problems are studied.Among these problems,a CVRP problem is identified and formulated as the key optimization in designing this milk run system,and it is solved through an optimization process.This tactical planning and optimization process gives a good solution to the real problem,and may shed light on the planning of similar systems.展开更多
A 16 bit stereo audio novel stability fifth-order ∑△ A/D converter that consists of switched capacitor ∑△ modulators, a decimation filter, and a bandgap circuit is proposed. A method for the stabilization of a hig...A 16 bit stereo audio novel stability fifth-order ∑△ A/D converter that consists of switched capacitor ∑△ modulators, a decimation filter, and a bandgap circuit is proposed. A method for the stabilization of a high order single stage ∑△ modulator is also proposed. A new multistage comb filter is used for the front end decimation filter. The ∑△ A/D converter achieves a peak SNR of 96dB and a dynamic range of 96dB. The ADC was implemented in 0. 5μm 5V CMOS technology. The chip die area occupies only 4. 1mm × 2.4mm and dissipates 90mW.展开更多
A modified Benes network is proposed to be used as an optimal shuffle network in worldwide interoperability for microwave access （WiMAX） low density parity check （LDPC） decoders, When the size of the input is not ...A modified Benes network is proposed to be used as an optimal shuffle network in worldwide interoperability for microwave access （WiMAX） low density parity check （LDPC） decoders, When the size of the input is not a power of two, the modified Benes network can achieve the most optimal performance. This modified Benes network is non-blocking and can perform any sorts of permutations, so it can support 19 modes specified in the WiMAX system. Furthermore, an efficient algorithm to generate the control signals for all the 2 × 2 switches in this network is derived, which can reduce the hardware complexity and overall latency of the modified Benes network. Synthesis results show that the proposed control signal generator can save 25.4% chip area and the overall network latency can be reduced by 36. 2%.展开更多
Batch extractive distillation(BED)is a special method used in the distillation process by adding a solvent into the batch distillation column to alter the relative volatility of the components and improve the separati...Batch extractive distillation(BED)is a special method used in the distillation process by adding a solvent into the batch distillation column to alter the relative volatility of the components and improve the separation. A comprehensive design and simulation method is required due to the complexity of BED.In this study,a quasi-steady-state model for BED is proposed,the derivation and solution of the model are presented.This shortcut model can be used to simulate the composition and temperature of the reboiler,the top and other plates of the column in a batch extractive distillation operation.The calculated values are in good agreement with the experimental data.The results show that the quasi-steady-state model is a practical method because of some advantages such as high precision and fast calculation.展开更多
Mechanical lithotripsy （ML） is usually considered as a standard treatment option for large bile duct stones. However, it is impossible to retrieve oversized stones because the conventional lithotripsy basket may not...Mechanical lithotripsy （ML） is usually considered as a standard treatment option for large bile duct stones. However, it is impossible to retrieve oversized stones because the conventional lithotripsy basket may not be able to grasp the stone. However, there is no es- tablished endoscopic extraction method for such gi- ant stone removal. We describe a case of successful extraction of a 4-cm large stone using a gastric bezoar basket. A 78-year-old woman had suffered from upper abdominal pain for 20 d. Contrast-enhanced computed tomogram revealed a 4-cm single stone in the distal common bile duct （CBD）. Endoscopic stone retraction was decided upon and endoscopic papillary balloon dilation was performed using a large balloon. An at- tempt to capture the stone using a standard lithotripsy basket failed due to the large stone size. Subsequently, we used a gastric bezoar basket to successfully capturethe stone. The stone was fragmented into small pieces and extracted. The stone was completely removed after two sessions of endoscopic retrograde cholangio- pancreatography; each of which took 30 rain. No com- plications occurred during or after the procedure. The patient was fully recovered and discharged on day 11 of hospitalization. ML using a gastric bezoar basket is a safe and effective retrieval method in select cases, and is considered as an alternative nonoperative option for the management of difficult CBD stones.展开更多
[Objecdve] The aim was to observe the puff-by-puff transfer ratios of some flavors in cigarettes. [Method] Based on national stand- ards, the puff-by-puff transfer of tobacco of carbonyl flavors was analyzed. In the m...[Objecdve] The aim was to observe the puff-by-puff transfer ratios of some flavors in cigarettes. [Method] Based on national stand- ards, the puff-by-puff transfer of tobacco of carbonyl flavors was analyzed. In the meantime, by dint of simultaneous distillation and extraction equip- ment coupled to GC and GC/MS, the puff-by-puff transfer ratios to TPM of smoke were expounded and compared. [ Result] The puff-by-puff deliv- ery profiles of NFDPT,nicotine and carbon monoxide increased with increasing puff number. This trend was similar to that of particulate matters. The transfer ratio of flavored tobacco was increasing in general, but partial flavors augmented to the maximum value and then decreased slowly. [ Conclusion] The study provided reference for the application of carbonyl compounds in tobacco.展开更多
Theoretical studies of the dynamics of the reactions O（3p）＋H2/HD（ν=0, j=0）→OH＋H have been performed with quasi-classical trajectory method （QCT） on an ab initio potential surface for the lowest triplet elect...Theoretical studies of the dynamics of the reactions O（3p）＋H2/HD（ν=0, j=0）→OH＋H have been performed with quasi-classical trajectory method （QCT） on an ab initio potential surface for the lowest triplet electronic state of H2O（aA＂）. The QCT-calculated integral cross sections are in good agreement with the earlier time-dependent quantum mechanics results. The state-resolved rotational distributions reveal that the product OH rotational distributions for O＋HD have a preference for populating highly internally excited states compared with the O＋H2 reaction. Distributions of differential cross sections show that directions of scattering are strongly dependent on the choice of quantum state. The polarization dependent generalized differential cross-sections and the distributions were calculated and a pronounced isotopic effect is revealed. The calculated results indicate that the product polarization is very sensitive to the mass factor.展开更多
Sequential and single extraction procedures were applied to both fresh and dried Sedum Plumbizincicola leaves and stems.The extractants, different from those of soil, sediment or sewage sludge metal fractions, were wa...Sequential and single extraction procedures were applied to both fresh and dried Sedum Plumbizincicola leaves and stems.The extractants, different from those of soil, sediment or sewage sludge metal fractions, were water, 80%(v/v) ethanol, 1 mol/L Na Cl,2% HAc and 0.6 mol/L HCl. Zn, Cd and Cu in the extracts and samples were measured by flame atomic adsorption spectrometry. In sequential extraction procedures, water soluble form and ethanol soluble form are the main fractions for Zn, while water soluble form and Na Cl soluble form for Cd, and comparatively uniform distribution for Cu with the residue form most and HCl soluble form second. Single extraction procedures are used to compare the extraction efficiencies of the five reagents to screen appropriate extractants and operating conditions for liquid extraction to deal with large amount of harvested metal-contained biomass, which will pose a threat to the environment if treated improperly. The sequences of extraction efficiencies are HCl>Na Cl≈HAc>Water≈Ethanol for Zn and HCl≈Na Cl≈HAc>Water>Ethanol for Cd. As for Cu, all the five extractants cannot effectively extract Cu, but HCl achieves a higher efficiency(>70% in fresh samples, and 45%-60% in dried samples). Besides, extraction efficiencies for most extractants in fresh samples are higher than those in dried samples, and extraction efficiencies of stems and leaves for the five extractants are close. The two extraction procedures can obtain high degree of accuracy with the relative standard deviation(RSD)lower than 10%, and metal recoveries are controlled between 80%-120% with most of 90%-110%.展开更多
目的研究髂骨精准截骨肩盂同心圆植骨治疗严重骨缺损的复发性肩关节前脱位的临床疗效并评估髂骨骨块弧度与肩盂弧度匹配情况。方法对2020年12月至2022年6月,佛山市中医院运动医学科收治的复发性肩关节前脱位合并严重骨缺损的患者进行回...目的研究髂骨精准截骨肩盂同心圆植骨治疗严重骨缺损的复发性肩关节前脱位的临床疗效并评估髂骨骨块弧度与肩盂弧度匹配情况。方法对2020年12月至2022年6月,佛山市中医院运动医学科收治的复发性肩关节前脱位合并严重骨缺损的患者进行回顾性研究,随访资料完整的共32例,其中男30例、女2例;左侧12例、右侧20例;年龄16~41岁,平均28.65岁。术前脱位次数5~30次,术前通过双侧肩关节CT测量肩盂弧度、骨缺损大小及弧度,与正常侧肩盂比较,缺损宽度为20.2%~33.4%(平均26.7%)。所有病例均行取自体髂骨肩盂植骨结合盂唇修补术,通过同侧髂骨CT测量髂骨外板与肩盂缺损弧度一致的区域,进行髂骨精准取骨。术后通过CT测量骨块与肩盂弧度匹配情况。随访肩关节功能采用美国肩肘外科评分(Amreican shoulder and elbow surgenons,ASES)、Constant-Murley评分、Rowe评分。结果所有患者术后均获得随访,术后随访时间12~26个月,平均随访(20.37±6.20)个月,所有患者术后均未发生术后感染、再发脱位及髂骨取骨部位骨折、神经损伤等并发症,术后即刻CT测量肩关节弧度与髂骨骨块弧度一致,骨块与关节盂无台阶形成,术后1年骨块塑形完成,所有患者在最后随访时骨块均骨性愈合,无主观不稳定,恐惧试验阴性。术前与末次随访时平均体侧位外旋(60.25±10.57)°vs.(59.34±7.69)°,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),外展90°外旋(40.30±14.57)°vs.(60.20±16.49)°,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后末次随访时ASES评分、Constant-Murley评分、Rowe评分较术前明显改善,ASES评分为(72.43±10.42)分vs.(94.44±5.35)分(P<0.05),Constant-Murley评分为(80.24±15.40)分vs.(96.55±2.64)分(P<0.05),Rowe评分为(43.47±8.82)分vs.(92.45±3.20)分(P<0.05)。结论通过髂骨取骨区域与肩盂弧度匹配,能够精准髂骨取骨,肩盂植骨后能够较好匹配骨块与肩盂弧度,降低因骨块位置偏内或偏外造成的术后并发症,减少髂骨骨折风险,术后早中期疗效好。展开更多
基金The National Key Technology R&D Program of China during the 11th Five-Year Plan Period(No.2006BAH02A06)
文摘A real-life milk run system designing problem of an engine manufacturer adopted JIT(just-in-time)production is studied.In the process of milk run system planning and design,the supply base is identified and a supplier site map is plotted for an arrangement of routes on which parts are periodically collected in a JIT manner from many scattered suppliers.With unit load designing,vehicle choosing and fleet sizing,pickup routing,vehicle assigning and scheduling problems are studied.Among these problems,a CVRP problem is identified and formulated as the key optimization in designing this milk run system,and it is solved through an optimization process.This tactical planning and optimization process gives a good solution to the real problem,and may shed light on the planning of similar systems.
文摘A 16 bit stereo audio novel stability fifth-order ∑△ A/D converter that consists of switched capacitor ∑△ modulators, a decimation filter, and a bandgap circuit is proposed. A method for the stabilization of a high order single stage ∑△ modulator is also proposed. A new multistage comb filter is used for the front end decimation filter. The ∑△ A/D converter achieves a peak SNR of 96dB and a dynamic range of 96dB. The ADC was implemented in 0. 5μm 5V CMOS technology. The chip die area occupies only 4. 1mm × 2.4mm and dissipates 90mW.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60871079)
文摘A modified Benes network is proposed to be used as an optimal shuffle network in worldwide interoperability for microwave access （WiMAX） low density parity check （LDPC） decoders, When the size of the input is not a power of two, the modified Benes network can achieve the most optimal performance. This modified Benes network is non-blocking and can perform any sorts of permutations, so it can support 19 modes specified in the WiMAX system. Furthermore, an efficient algorithm to generate the control signals for all the 2 × 2 switches in this network is derived, which can reduce the hardware complexity and overall latency of the modified Benes network. Synthesis results show that the proposed control signal generator can save 25.4% chip area and the overall network latency can be reduced by 36. 2%.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province（B2006000018）
文摘Batch extractive distillation(BED)is a special method used in the distillation process by adding a solvent into the batch distillation column to alter the relative volatility of the components and improve the separation. A comprehensive design and simulation method is required due to the complexity of BED.In this study,a quasi-steady-state model for BED is proposed,the derivation and solution of the model are presented.This shortcut model can be used to simulate the composition and temperature of the reboiler,the top and other plates of the column in a batch extractive distillation operation.The calculated values are in good agreement with the experimental data.The results show that the quasi-steady-state model is a practical method because of some advantages such as high precision and fast calculation.
基金Supported by Grant from Inha University Research
文摘Mechanical lithotripsy （ML） is usually considered as a standard treatment option for large bile duct stones. However, it is impossible to retrieve oversized stones because the conventional lithotripsy basket may not be able to grasp the stone. However, there is no es- tablished endoscopic extraction method for such gi- ant stone removal. We describe a case of successful extraction of a 4-cm large stone using a gastric bezoar basket. A 78-year-old woman had suffered from upper abdominal pain for 20 d. Contrast-enhanced computed tomogram revealed a 4-cm single stone in the distal common bile duct （CBD）. Endoscopic stone retraction was decided upon and endoscopic papillary balloon dilation was performed using a large balloon. An at- tempt to capture the stone using a standard lithotripsy basket failed due to the large stone size. Subsequently, we used a gastric bezoar basket to successfully capturethe stone. The stone was fragmented into small pieces and extracted. The stone was completely removed after two sessions of endoscopic retrograde cholangio- pancreatography; each of which took 30 rain. No com- plications occurred during or after the procedure. The patient was fully recovered and discharged on day 11 of hospitalization. ML using a gastric bezoar basket is a safe and effective retrieval method in select cases, and is considered as an alternative nonoperative option for the management of difficult CBD stones.
文摘[Objecdve] The aim was to observe the puff-by-puff transfer ratios of some flavors in cigarettes. [Method] Based on national stand- ards, the puff-by-puff transfer of tobacco of carbonyl flavors was analyzed. In the meantime, by dint of simultaneous distillation and extraction equip- ment coupled to GC and GC/MS, the puff-by-puff transfer ratios to TPM of smoke were expounded and compared. [ Result] The puff-by-puff deliv- ery profiles of NFDPT,nicotine and carbon monoxide increased with increasing puff number. This trend was similar to that of particulate matters. The transfer ratio of flavored tobacco was increasing in general, but partial flavors augmented to the maximum value and then decreased slowly. [ Conclusion] The study provided reference for the application of carbonyl compounds in tobacco.
文摘Theoretical studies of the dynamics of the reactions O（3p）＋H2/HD（ν=0, j=0）→OH＋H have been performed with quasi-classical trajectory method （QCT） on an ab initio potential surface for the lowest triplet electronic state of H2O（aA＂）. The QCT-calculated integral cross sections are in good agreement with the earlier time-dependent quantum mechanics results. The state-resolved rotational distributions reveal that the product OH rotational distributions for O＋HD have a preference for populating highly internally excited states compared with the O＋H2 reaction. Distributions of differential cross sections show that directions of scattering are strongly dependent on the choice of quantum state. The polarization dependent generalized differential cross-sections and the distributions were calculated and a pronounced isotopic effect is revealed. The calculated results indicate that the product polarization is very sensitive to the mass factor.
基金Project(2013CB228106)supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(2012AA06A204)supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China
文摘Sequential and single extraction procedures were applied to both fresh and dried Sedum Plumbizincicola leaves and stems.The extractants, different from those of soil, sediment or sewage sludge metal fractions, were water, 80%(v/v) ethanol, 1 mol/L Na Cl,2% HAc and 0.6 mol/L HCl. Zn, Cd and Cu in the extracts and samples were measured by flame atomic adsorption spectrometry. In sequential extraction procedures, water soluble form and ethanol soluble form are the main fractions for Zn, while water soluble form and Na Cl soluble form for Cd, and comparatively uniform distribution for Cu with the residue form most and HCl soluble form second. Single extraction procedures are used to compare the extraction efficiencies of the five reagents to screen appropriate extractants and operating conditions for liquid extraction to deal with large amount of harvested metal-contained biomass, which will pose a threat to the environment if treated improperly. The sequences of extraction efficiencies are HCl>Na Cl≈HAc>Water≈Ethanol for Zn and HCl≈Na Cl≈HAc>Water>Ethanol for Cd. As for Cu, all the five extractants cannot effectively extract Cu, but HCl achieves a higher efficiency(>70% in fresh samples, and 45%-60% in dried samples). Besides, extraction efficiencies for most extractants in fresh samples are higher than those in dried samples, and extraction efficiencies of stems and leaves for the five extractants are close. The two extraction procedures can obtain high degree of accuracy with the relative standard deviation(RSD)lower than 10%, and metal recoveries are controlled between 80%-120% with most of 90%-110%.
文摘目的研究髂骨精准截骨肩盂同心圆植骨治疗严重骨缺损的复发性肩关节前脱位的临床疗效并评估髂骨骨块弧度与肩盂弧度匹配情况。方法对2020年12月至2022年6月,佛山市中医院运动医学科收治的复发性肩关节前脱位合并严重骨缺损的患者进行回顾性研究,随访资料完整的共32例,其中男30例、女2例;左侧12例、右侧20例;年龄16~41岁,平均28.65岁。术前脱位次数5~30次,术前通过双侧肩关节CT测量肩盂弧度、骨缺损大小及弧度,与正常侧肩盂比较,缺损宽度为20.2%~33.4%(平均26.7%)。所有病例均行取自体髂骨肩盂植骨结合盂唇修补术,通过同侧髂骨CT测量髂骨外板与肩盂缺损弧度一致的区域,进行髂骨精准取骨。术后通过CT测量骨块与肩盂弧度匹配情况。随访肩关节功能采用美国肩肘外科评分(Amreican shoulder and elbow surgenons,ASES)、Constant-Murley评分、Rowe评分。结果所有患者术后均获得随访,术后随访时间12~26个月,平均随访(20.37±6.20)个月,所有患者术后均未发生术后感染、再发脱位及髂骨取骨部位骨折、神经损伤等并发症,术后即刻CT测量肩关节弧度与髂骨骨块弧度一致,骨块与关节盂无台阶形成,术后1年骨块塑形完成,所有患者在最后随访时骨块均骨性愈合,无主观不稳定,恐惧试验阴性。术前与末次随访时平均体侧位外旋(60.25±10.57)°vs.(59.34±7.69)°,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),外展90°外旋(40.30±14.57)°vs.(60.20±16.49)°,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后末次随访时ASES评分、Constant-Murley评分、Rowe评分较术前明显改善,ASES评分为(72.43±10.42)分vs.(94.44±5.35)分(P<0.05),Constant-Murley评分为(80.24±15.40)分vs.(96.55±2.64)分(P<0.05),Rowe评分为(43.47±8.82)分vs.(92.45±3.20)分(P<0.05)。结论通过髂骨取骨区域与肩盂弧度匹配,能够精准髂骨取骨,肩盂植骨后能够较好匹配骨块与肩盂弧度,降低因骨块位置偏内或偏外造成的术后并发症,减少髂骨骨折风险,术后早中期疗效好。
