X线照射对实验性癫痫大鼠脑皮层GABA和GABA_A受体的影响

目的:探讨癫痫大鼠放射治疗中GABA及其受体的作用机制并选择合理放射剂量.方法:利用慢性点燃癫痫大鼠对照组、1组、3组进进行0、24、6Gy的X线放射,对2组、4组和5组12Gy的X线放射,每组10只,对照组和1～3组于放射后1h断头取脑,4组于放射后1d、5组于放射后1周进行断头取脑,并观察5组其放射后癫痫发作情况,用氨基酸分析仪测定各组癫痫大鼠额叶皮层内的GABA含量变化,利用免疫组织化学的方法观察抗GABAA受体阳性率. 结果:5组于照射后1周内癫痫在鼠未出现诱发癫痫发作.1组的GABA含量为254.16±44.68ng,GABAA受体阳性率为39.56%±7.22%,均明显高于对照组,12Gy照射后1h、24h、1周后均较对照组间GABA含量高,其中以24h最为明显,分别为252.09±33.89ng, 348.73±56.00ng 和258.02±62.95ng.抗GABAA受体阳性率在照射后1周内基本稳定于较高水平. 结论:放射治疗癫痫主要是通过发生快速而持续的GABA与GABAA受体变化发生作用,癫痫大鼠接受12Gy的放射治疗较为合理.

抗组胺药的发展变化及其作用特点

第一代抗组胺药以氯苯那敏、苯海拉明、异丙嗪三者为代表，它们都是H．受体拮抗剂，曾经为临床防治变态反应疾病起过非常重要的作用。而今天它们渐渐淡出临床，被第二代第三代抗组胺药所替代。现将抗组胺药的发展变化及其作用特点一一做以综述。

复发性乳腺癌受体改变对治疗策略的影响

目的分析比较原发性乳腺癌与复发性乳腺癌的受体变化情况,并根据受体的改变,提出不同的治疗策略。方法将近几年收治的复发性乳腺癌患者受体改变的情况做一回顾性分析。结果与受体一致的患者相比,激素受体由阳性转为阴性和HER2受体由阳性转为阴性都导致了更差的复发后生存期和总生存期。结论复发性乳腺癌有着较高的受体改变率,因此对复发性乳腺癌受体的检测,将对预后产生重要影响。

围刺配合电针对乳腺增生大鼠乳头大小、乳腺病理变化、血清性激素含量和雌激素受体表达的影响

目的:探讨围刺配合电针治疗乳腺增生的作用机制。方法:将40只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、针刺组和药物组。采用己烯雌酚联合黄体酮肌肉注射的方法建立乳腺增生模型。针刺组在大鼠第2对左右乳房进行围刺后,电针30min,并针刺"膻中"穴,留针30min,1次/d,共治疗30d;药物组每日予以三苯氧胺(1.8mg/kg)灌胃。于治疗前,治疗10、20、30d测量各组大鼠第2对乳头高度、直径;于末次治疗后采用放射免疫法检测血清雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)、泌乳素(PRL)、睾酮(T)含量;取大鼠第2对乳房常规H.E.染色,光镜下观察组织形态表现;运用免疫组化法观察乳腺组织雌激素受体(ER)表达情况。结果:模型组乳头高度、直径均高于正常组(P<0.05),治疗后针刺组和药物组乳头高度、直径均低于模型组(P<0.05)。模型组E2、PRL、T含量明显高于正常组(P<0.05),针刺组和药物组E2、PRL、T含量均低于模型组(P<0.05);模型组P含量低于正常组(P<0.05),针刺组和药物组P含量高于模型组(P<0.05)。模型组与正常组乳腺组织形态比较,乳腺小叶、腺泡、腺导管数目明显较多,腺泡腔和腺导管明显扩张;针刺组和药物组与模型组比较,乳腺小叶、腺泡、腺导管数均减少,腺泡腔及腺导管萎缩。模型组乳腺组织ER阳性细胞表达与正常组相比明显增高(P<0.05),针刺组和药物组大鼠乳腺组织ER阳性细胞表达与模型组比较明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:围刺配合电针能够改善大鼠乳腺组织病理形态,其作用与调节血清性激素含量及降低乳腺组织ER表达有关。

Study on the Developmental Changes of Muscular GHR mRNA Expression in Sheep

[ Objective] The study aimed to explore the expression of muscular growth hormone receptor gene （GHR） in sheep at the early stage of growth and development. [Method] The GHR mRNA expression levels in longissimus dorsal muscles of male Kazak sheep and Xinjiang fine wool sheep with different ages were quantitatively analyzed by real time PCR. [ Result] Sheep GHR mRNA expression level in longissimus dorsal muscle increased firstly followed by decline, and then kept steady until the end of the experiment, with the expression peak appearing on postnatal day 30. The GHR mRNA expression level of Kazak sheep was extremely lower than that of Xingjiang fine wool sheep from 2 to 90 days old （ P 〈0.01 ）. E Conclusionl Both age and breed had great effects on the expression of muscular GHR gene in sheep.

Chronological and Morphological Progression of Nucleus during Mouse Oocyte Maturation and Fertilization in vitro

The chronological and morphological changes of the nucleus during mouse oocyte maturation and fertilization were systematically studied. Although most oocytes went through GVBD 2-4 hrs after culture, 13.6% remained at GV stage 8 hrs after culture.TEM observation revealed that nucleoli of oocytes which failed to go through GVBD were composed of fibrillar-granular component,small vacuoles and fibrillar centers or showed small vacuoles on nuclear surface. During GVBD, the nucleoli became smaller and smaller and finally disappeared with the nuclear-associated chromatin dislocated to the periphery. Nuclear membrane with attached chromatin became folded and electronic dense cores appeared in the center of chromatin clumps at the same time.The last event of GVBD was the disruption of nuclear membrane.At the end of the 5th hr after culture, meiosis progressed to prometaphase I.Chromosomes,distributed in the original GV area free of organelles,were surrounded by large quantity of mitochondria and small SER vesicles. At the end of the 12th hr after culture,48. 1% of the oocytes emitted PB1.Decondensing sperm head and early male pronuclcus(mPN)with condensed nucleoli were found 1-2 hrs after insemination.The formation and enlargement of female PN(fPN) occurred a little earlier than that of mPN. 33.3% finished syngamy at 8-9 hrs after insemination.The process of nucleolus formation was reverse to that in GVBD. The oolemma modification caused by cortical reaction could effectively inhibit polyspermy.in contrast,there were sperm binding to the oolemma where CGs failed to be released. In addition, PB2 was emitted 2-5 hrs after insemination. The difference between PB1 and PB2 as well as the abstriction of polar body were also discussed.

乳腺癌患者外周血中趋化因子及其受体表达水平变化在乳腺癌发病机制中的作用

目的探讨乳腺癌患者外周血中趋化因子及其受体表达水平变化在乳腺癌发病机制中的作用,为临床诊治奠定理论基础。方法选择2016年4月-2019年5月来嘉兴市第一医院治疗的乳腺癌患者108例(观察组)和同期来该院做体检的108例(对照组)妇女作为研究对象。检查后对患者的病症进行评估,比较不同分子分型乳腺癌患者的临床资料和两组患者血清趋化因子含量水平、外周血CD3+T细胞差异。结果不同分子分型乳腺癌患者的年龄、肿瘤发生部位、所在象限、肿瘤直径、病理分型、淋巴转移情况、月经状态、临床分期和术后化疗等临床特征比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组患者的血清趋化因子CCL20、RANTES、MCP-1、IL-8含量水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。两组患者的外周血CD3+T细胞差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患者的CXCR1和CCR2均低于对照组,CCR6和CCR5均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论将外周血中趋化因子及其受体表达水平变化用于探讨乳腺癌患者的预测指标效果显著,CCL20、RANTES、MCP-1、IL-8各项指标的升高能够为预测乳腺癌患者的发病及病程预测起到重要作用,对外周血CD3+T细胞进行分析,对预后治疗效果更佳,具有很高的临床应用价值。

Functional morphology of the olfactory organ of the tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis

The morphology and structure of the olfactory organ of Cynoglossus semilaevis Gunther are described. The oval olfactory sacs on both sides differ in size and in the number of lamellae, With those on the abocular side having smaller sacs and fewer lamellae than those on the ocular side. On the ocular side, the average ratio of sac length to eye diameter is 2.1 （i.e.〉1） with an average of 91 lamellae, while on the abocular side, the values were 1.7 （i.e.〉1） and 69, respectively. In addition, the surface morphology varies in different parts of the lamella. The frontal part, near the anterior nostril, is a non-sensory margin with cilia-free epidermal cells. Within this is an internal ciliated sensory area, which is intercalated with ciliated receptor cells and a few ciliated non-sensory cells. Additionally, some dense ciliated non-sensory cells make up a non-sensory area, which also contains cilia-free epidermal cells distributed in patches. In the rear of the olfactory sac near the posterior nostril, the lamellae differ in morphology from those of the frontal olfactory sac but are similar in having few ciliated receptor cells. In other words, the surface of the lamellae in the rear part of the olfactory sac is mainly non-sensory. At present, four types of lamellae （~ E IlIand IV） have been recognized in relation to the pattern of the sensory epithelium. In this study, the frontal and rear lamellae resembled types I and IV, respectively, but are referred to as types r and IV because they are slightly less developed. Data on the ratio of length of lamellae to eye diameter, number of lamellae and the type of surface pattern of the lamellae show that the development of the olfactory system of C. semilaevis facilitates prey capture.

Serelaxin increases the antifibrotic action of rosiglitazone in a model of hepatic fibrosis

To determine the effect of combined serelaxin and rosiglitazone treatment on established hepatic fibrosis.METHODSHepatic fibrosis was induced in mice by carbon tetrachloride administration for 6 wk, or vehicle alone (nonfibrotic mice). For the final 2 wk, mice were treated with rosiglitazone, serelaxin, or both rosiglitazone and serelaxin. Serum liver enzymes and relaxin levels were determined by standard methods. The degree of liver collagen content was determined by histology and immunohistochemistry. Expression of type I collagen was determined by quantitative PCR. Activation of hepatic stellate cells was assessed by alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) levels. Liver peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α) was determined by Western blotting.RESULTSTreatment of mice with CCl4 resulted in hepatic fibrosis as evidenced by increased liver enzyme levels (ALT and AST), and increased liver collagen and SMA. Monotherapy with either serelaxin or rosiglitazone for 2 wk was generally without effect. In contrast, the combination of serelaxin and rosiglitazone resulted in significantly improved ALT levels (P < 0.05). Total liver collagen content as determined by Sirius red staining revealed that only combination treatment was effective in reducing total liver collagen (P < 0.05). These results were supported by immunohistochemistry for type I collagen, in which only combination treatment reduced fibrillar collagen levels (P < 0.05). The level of hepatic stellate cell activation was modestly, but significantly, reduced by serelaxin treatment alone, but combination treatment resulted in significantly lower SMA levels. Finally, while hepatic fibrosis reduced liver PGC1α levels, the combination of serelaxin and rosiglitazone resulted in restoration of PGC1α protein levels.CONCLUSIONThe combination of serelaxin and rosiglitazone treatment for 2 wk was effective in significantly reducing established hepatic fibrosis, providing a potential new treatment strategy.

Association between TLR7 copy number variations and hepatitis B virus infection outcome in Chinese

AIM To explore whether copy number variations (CNVs) of toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) are associated with susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. METHODS This study included 623 patients (495 males and 128 females) with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB) and 300 patients (135 females and 165 males) with acute hepatitis B virus infection (AHB) as controls. All CHB patients were further categorized according to disease progression after HBV infection (CHB, liver cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma). Copy numbers of the TLR7 gene were measured using the AccuCopy method chi(2) tests were used to evaluate the association between TLR7 CNVs and infection type. P values, odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the effects of risk. RESULTS Among male patients, there were significant differences between the AHB group and CHB group in the distribution of TLR7 CNVs. Low copy numberof TLR7 was significantly associated with chronic HBV infection (OR = 0.329, 95% CI: 0.229-0.473, P > 0.001). Difference in TLR7 copy number was also found between AHB and CHB female patients, with low copy number again associated with an increased risk of chronic HBV infection (OR = 0.292, 95% CI: 0.173- 0.492, P < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in TLR7 copy number among the three types of chronic HBV infection (CHB, liver cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma). In addition, there was no association between TLR7 copy number and titer of the HBV e antigen. CONCLUSION Low TLR7 copy number is a risk factor for chronic HBV infection but is not associated with later stages of disease progression.

Changes of Con A Receptor Sites on Mammalian Sperms during Capacitation and Acrosome Reaction

No Con A receptor site was found on the intact plasma membranes of mammalian sperms before capacitation.After capacitation, however, the plasma membranes sloughed off, exposing the outer acrosomal membrane which is rich in Con A receptor sites.The vesicles formed during acrosome reaction were also found to bc rich in Con A receptor sites, suggesting their origin from outer acrosomal membranes.With completion of acrosome reaction, only inner acrosomal membrane was left in which no Con A receptor sites could be demonstrated.Also no Con A receptor site was found on egg plasma membrane throughout fertilization.It was thus shown that different membranes possess different properties.

EFFECTS OF INTEGRIN ALPHAⅡb^(R995A) MUTATION ON RECEPTOR AFFINITY AND pp125 (FAK) PHOSPHORYLATION

Objective To investigate the role of cytoplasmic domain of integrin alphaⅡb in platelet signal transduction. Methods Binding capacity of integrin alphaⅡb R995A to antibody platelet activation complex-1 (PAC-1) and pp125 focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation of cells were detected by flow cytometry, immune precipitation, and Western blotting. Results Without activation, wild-type alphaⅡbbeta3 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells failed to bind to PAC-1, but mutant chimera alphaⅡb R995A beta3 CHO cells were able to bind with PAC-1. Furthermore, phosphorylation of pp125 (FAK) in wild-type alphaⅡbbeta3 CHO cells occured only when cells were adhered to fibrinogen, but could not be detected in bovine serum albumin suspension. However in the mutant chimera group, it could be detected in both conditions. Conclusion The mutation in integrin alphaⅡb R995A alters its affinity state as a receptor, thus also mediating cytoplasmic signal transduction leading to the phosphorylation of pp125 (FAK) without ligand binding.

Temperature-dependent THz vibrational spectra of clenbuterol hydrochloride

Using the high-resolution Terahertz Time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and the standard sample pellet technique, the far-infrared vibrational spectra of clenbuterol hydrochloride (CH), a 2 -adrenergic agonist for decreasing fat deposition and enhancing protein accretion, were measured in temperature range of 77-295 K. Between 0.2 and 3.6 THz (6.6-120.0 cm-1 ), seven highly resolved spectral features, strong line-narrowing and a frequency blue-shift were observed with cooling. However, ractopamine hydrochloride, with some structural and pharmacological similarities to clenbuterol hydrochloride, showed no spectral features, indicating high sensitivity and strong specificity of THz-TDS. These results could be used for the rapid and nondestructive CH residual detection in food safety control.

Molecular variation and evolution of the tyrosine kinase domains of insulin receptor IRa and IRb genes in Cyprinidae

The insulin receptor （IR） gene plays an important role in regulating cell growth, differentiation and development. In the present study, DNA sequences of insulin receptor genes, IRa and IRb, were amplified and sequenced from 37 representative species of the Cyprinidae and from five outgroup species from non-cyprinid Cypriniformes. Based on coding sequences （CDS） of tyro- sine kinase regions of IRa and IRb, molecular evolution and phylogenetic relationships were analyzed to better understand the characteristics of IR gene divergence in the family Cyprinidae. 1Ra and IRb were clustered into one lineage in the gene tree of the IR gene family, reconstructed using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean （UPGMA）. IRa and IRb have evolved into distinct genes after IR gene duplication in Cyprinidae. For each gene, molecular evolution analyses showed that there was no significant difference among different groups in the reconstructed maximum parsimony （MP） tree of Cyprinidae; IRa and 1Rb have been subjected to similar evolutionary pressure among different lineages. Although the amino acid sequences of IRa and IRb tyrosine kinase regions were highly conserved, our analyses showed that there were clear sequence variations between the tyrosine kinase regions of IRa and IRb proteins. This indicates that IRa and IRb proteins might play different roles in the insulin signaling pathway.