Objective To investigate the effect of M5 muscarinic receptor subtype on the locomotor sensitization induced by heroin priming, and it＇s effect on the FosB expression in the nucleus accumbens （NAc） and the hippocam...Objective To investigate the effect of M5 muscarinic receptor subtype on the locomotor sensitization induced by heroin priming, and it＇s effect on the FosB expression in the nucleus accumbens （NAc） and the hippocampus in the heroin sensitized rats. Methods Locomotor activity was measured every 10 min for 1 h after subcutaneous injection of heroin. FosB expression was assayed by immunohistochemistry, and the antisense oligonucleotides （AS-ONs） targeting M5 muscarinic receptor was transferred with the lipofectin. Results Microinjection of AS-ONs targeting M5 muscarinic receptor in the ventral tegmental area （VTA） blocked the expression of behavioral sensitization induced by heroin priming in rats. Meanwhile, the expression of FosB-positive neurons in either the NAc or the dentate gyrus （DG） of the hippocam- pus increased in heroin-induced locomotor sensitized rats. The enhancement of FosB-positive neurons in the NAc or DG could be inhibited by microinjection of M5 muscarinic receptor AS-ONs into the VTA before the heroin-induced locomotor sensitization was performed. In contrast, microinjection of M5 muscarinic receptor sense oligonucleotide （S-ONs） into the VTA did not block the expression of behavioral sensitization or the expression of FosB in the NAc or DG in the heroin sensitized rats. Conclusion Blocking M5 muscarinic receptor in the VTA inhibits the expression of heroin-induced locomotor sensitization, which is associated with the regulation of FosB expression in the NAc and hippocampus neurons. M5 muscarinic receptor may be a useful pharmacological target for the treatment of heroin addiction.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effects of sleeve gastrectomy on adipose tissue infiltration and lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) expression in rat aortas. METHODS: Twenty-four rats were randomi...AIM: To investigate the effects of sleeve gastrectomy on adipose tissue infiltration and lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) expression in rat aortas. METHODS: Twenty-four rats were randomized into three groups: normal chow (control), high fat diet (HD) and high fat diet with sleeve gastrectomy (SG). After surgery, the HD and SG groups were fed a high fat diet. Animals were sacrificed and plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were determined. LOX-1 protein and LOX-1 mRNA expression was also measured. Aortas were stained with Nile red to visualize adipose tissue. RESULT: Body weights were higher in the HD group compared to the other groups. HDL levels in control,HD, and SG groups were 32.9 ± 6.2 mg/dL, 43.4 ± 4.0 mg/dL and 37.5 ± 4.3 mg/dL, respectively. LDL levels in control, HD, and SG groups were 31.8 ± 4.5 mg/dL, 53.3 ± 5.1 mg/dL and 40.5 ± 3.7 mg/dL, respectively. LOX-1 protein and LOX-1 mRNA expression was greater in the HD group versus the other groups. Staining for adipose tissue in aortas was greater in the HD group in comparison to the other groups. Thus, a high fat diet elevates LOX-1 protein and mRNA expression in aorta. CONCLUSION: Sleeve gastrectomy decreases plasma LDL levels, and downregulates LOX-1 protein and mRNA expression.展开更多
As the center and subject of the translation, translator＇ s subjectivity plays a great role in translation research and more and more attention has been aroused. Since the first version of Pride and Prejudice came in...As the center and subject of the translation, translator＇ s subjectivity plays a great role in translation research and more and more attention has been aroused. Since the first version of Pride and Prejudice came into being, Chinese translators have begun to show great interest in translating this novel, and there are more than ten translated Chinese versions now. Scholars have conducted a lot of research about this novel and its various translated versions. Among all these Chinese versions, Wang Keyi＇ s version is relatively earlier and is also the most popular one. Thus, it attracts many readers＇ eyes and there are increasing comments and studies on this version. There are also studies analyzing or comparing several versions from the perspective of translator＇ s subjectivity. While, few articles are published to analyze this version from the three elements of translator＇ s subjectivity： initiatives, passiveness, and purposiveness. They are also three basic features of translator＇ s subjectivity, in which translator＇ s subjectivity reflects. It is also the three features that consist of the translator＇ s subjectivity. Therefore, the comprehensive and intensive research of translator＇ s subjectivity in the Chinese version of Pride and Prejudice has great realistic meaning and practical values.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China （No.30470554）the National Basic Research Development Program of China（No.2003CB515404）.
文摘Objective To investigate the effect of M5 muscarinic receptor subtype on the locomotor sensitization induced by heroin priming, and it＇s effect on the FosB expression in the nucleus accumbens （NAc） and the hippocampus in the heroin sensitized rats. Methods Locomotor activity was measured every 10 min for 1 h after subcutaneous injection of heroin. FosB expression was assayed by immunohistochemistry, and the antisense oligonucleotides （AS-ONs） targeting M5 muscarinic receptor was transferred with the lipofectin. Results Microinjection of AS-ONs targeting M5 muscarinic receptor in the ventral tegmental area （VTA） blocked the expression of behavioral sensitization induced by heroin priming in rats. Meanwhile, the expression of FosB-positive neurons in either the NAc or the dentate gyrus （DG） of the hippocam- pus increased in heroin-induced locomotor sensitized rats. The enhancement of FosB-positive neurons in the NAc or DG could be inhibited by microinjection of M5 muscarinic receptor AS-ONs into the VTA before the heroin-induced locomotor sensitization was performed. In contrast, microinjection of M5 muscarinic receptor sense oligonucleotide （S-ONs） into the VTA did not block the expression of behavioral sensitization or the expression of FosB in the NAc or DG in the heroin sensitized rats. Conclusion Blocking M5 muscarinic receptor in the VTA inhibits the expression of heroin-induced locomotor sensitization, which is associated with the regulation of FosB expression in the NAc and hippocampus neurons. M5 muscarinic receptor may be a useful pharmacological target for the treatment of heroin addiction.
基金Supported by A Grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81000158the Special Fund for Technology of Liaoning Province, No. L2010591
文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of sleeve gastrectomy on adipose tissue infiltration and lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) expression in rat aortas. METHODS: Twenty-four rats were randomized into three groups: normal chow (control), high fat diet (HD) and high fat diet with sleeve gastrectomy (SG). After surgery, the HD and SG groups were fed a high fat diet. Animals were sacrificed and plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were determined. LOX-1 protein and LOX-1 mRNA expression was also measured. Aortas were stained with Nile red to visualize adipose tissue. RESULT: Body weights were higher in the HD group compared to the other groups. HDL levels in control,HD, and SG groups were 32.9 ± 6.2 mg/dL, 43.4 ± 4.0 mg/dL and 37.5 ± 4.3 mg/dL, respectively. LDL levels in control, HD, and SG groups were 31.8 ± 4.5 mg/dL, 53.3 ± 5.1 mg/dL and 40.5 ± 3.7 mg/dL, respectively. LOX-1 protein and LOX-1 mRNA expression was greater in the HD group versus the other groups. Staining for adipose tissue in aortas was greater in the HD group in comparison to the other groups. Thus, a high fat diet elevates LOX-1 protein and mRNA expression in aorta. CONCLUSION: Sleeve gastrectomy decreases plasma LDL levels, and downregulates LOX-1 protein and mRNA expression.
文摘As the center and subject of the translation, translator＇ s subjectivity plays a great role in translation research and more and more attention has been aroused. Since the first version of Pride and Prejudice came into being, Chinese translators have begun to show great interest in translating this novel, and there are more than ten translated Chinese versions now. Scholars have conducted a lot of research about this novel and its various translated versions. Among all these Chinese versions, Wang Keyi＇ s version is relatively earlier and is also the most popular one. Thus, it attracts many readers＇ eyes and there are increasing comments and studies on this version. There are also studies analyzing or comparing several versions from the perspective of translator＇ s subjectivity. While, few articles are published to analyze this version from the three elements of translator＇ s subjectivity： initiatives, passiveness, and purposiveness. They are also three basic features of translator＇ s subjectivity, in which translator＇ s subjectivity reflects. It is also the three features that consist of the translator＇ s subjectivity. Therefore, the comprehensive and intensive research of translator＇ s subjectivity in the Chinese version of Pride and Prejudice has great realistic meaning and practical values.
