动宾短语的时态问题在藏文编辑中的处理方法

关于动宾短语方面的理论,藏文文法著作中有详细的论述,许多经典作品亦是按照文法理论如实应用。但由于原始重要理论文献的丢失,以及后世部分文法撰写者的失误,当前出现了个别术语使用混乱和动词时态选用不恰当的现象。文章认为,“词”和“语”的概念不同,应严格按照文法定义使用。当一个动词作为句子成分时,能够与任一名词构成动宾短语时,才可以将它称之为“语”(即动语),否则只能称它为“词”。能否将一个名词称为“语”也是同样的道理;藏文动词未来时态和现在时态并非一定表达未来的动作和现在的动作,而是有更广的应用范围。面对同一个动作,当观察者的注意力转向施动方并着力描述施动者的行为时,用现在时态的动词。当观察者的注意力转向受动方并着力描述受动者的变化时,用未来时态的动词。

Design of dead reckoning system for mobile robot

A dead reckoning system for a wheeled mobile robot was designed, and the method for robot’s pose estimation in the 3D environments was presented on the basis of its rigid-body kinematic equations. After analyzing the locomotion architecture of mobile robot and the principle of proprioceptive sensors, the kinematics model of mobile robot was built to realize the relative localization. Considering that the research on dead reckoning of mobile robot was confined to the 2 dimensional planes, the locomotion of mobile robot in the 3 coordinate axis direction was thought over in order to estimate its pose on uneven terrain. Because the computing method in a plane is rather mature, the calculation in height direction is emphatically represented as a key issue. With experimental results obtained by simulation program and robot platform, the position of mobile robot can be reliably estimated and the localization precision can be effectively improved, so the effectiveness of this dead reckoning system is demonstrated.

法治视野下的权力与潜规则探析

由于权力行使的任意性,权力受动方的行为预期会被阻断。以权力受动方的立场考察,潜规则能提高权力行使预期的确定性。法治可以将权力的行使从主观化过渡到客观化,从而防止权力的任意并克服潜规则的弊害。